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Detroit- Illustrated 



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THE COMMERCIAL METROPOLIS OF MICHIGAN. 



CONTAINING A DETAILED STATEMENT OK ITS 



Si)racif^ (sfimat'e, ©Y^onilerfuf S^ex«)ourcex^ aTjti ©apa6iPHTe<^. 



ITS ORIGIN AND HISTORY, 



INTERSPERSED WITH 



Illustrations of Its Fine Public and Prixate Buildings and Dwellings, 
Sketches and Portraits oi' Irs Leading Citizens. 



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DETROIT. nicniGnn^ 



HARRY H. HOOK, PUBLISHER. 



pRKss WnuNF.K pKiNTiNt; S: I.iiiro. Co. 

Akron. Ohio. , * . - . Au<^USt, iSQI. 







CITY OF DETROIT, i860. 



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DEDIGAtORY"- 



To the memory of its founders and their deceased successors and promoters, this illustrated History of the 
City of the Straits is reverentially and respectfully dedicated, with the full hope and expectation that it will 
meet the approbation of the general public, and the appreciation of the present dwellers in Detroit. 

Contemporaneous in history with St. Augustine (Florida), Jamestown (Virginia), and Quebec (Canada); 
established a thousand miles from the sea, in the heart of a wilderness densely populated by semi-barbarians, 
its infant existence in constant peril, and its founders continually exposed to Indian massacre, famine and 
pestilence; the theater of sovereignty between the Indian and the white man — between France and England, 
and lastly, between the American and the Briton, it became the center of civilization for the vast region 
extending from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to the Gulf of Mexico, and from the Red River of the North to the 
waters of Chesapeake Bay. 

It was founded upon the bank's of the Strait from which it derives its name, and through which flows 
the waters of inland seas covering an area of nearly 80,000 square miles, to unite with other fresh water 
seas, whence, finally, to mingle in the River St. Lawrence with the waters of the ocean. 

Encompassed by vast bodies of the purest water in the world, secures for it a climatic temperature, 
a grateful mean between its tiiree contemporary cities, exempting it from either extreme heat or excessive 
cold, and from destructive storms. Its central situation upon the longest stretch of inland navigable waters 
in the world, "the door by which one can go in and out to trade with all nations," gave it prominence and 
military occupancy, for industrial and commercial enterprises, and for healthful and pleasant homes. 

The wisdom which selected its location, the confidence in its future manifested by those whose courage and 
fortitude established and maintained it, and the enterprise of those who followed, is confirmed and realized in the 
"Detroit of to-day," which we present in these pages as a city unrivaled by any in the land, for location 
and climate, for its grand surroundings, its broad avenues and parks, the elegance and beauty of its public 
and private edifices, and the culture and intelligence of its citizens. We further desire herewith to acknowl- 
edge our indebtedness to the Honorables C. 1. Walker, Gec^gfe'Pi Goodale, James F. Joy, Theodore H. Hinchman, 
George M. Lane, Alfred Russel, E. W. Pendleton, G. V. N. Lothrop, Samuel P. Dutifield, M. D., Edward W. 
Jenks, M. D., Morse Stewart, M. D., Bradford Smith, and Fred Carlisle, for their historical, statistical and 
literary contributions; to George N. Tomlinson as photographer; to the Boston Engraving Company, of 
Boston, Mass., through whose skill we are indebted for the faithful and artistical reproduction of the 
"combination" illustrations and pictures, executed in every respect equal to any of similar character done in 
this country; and lastly, to The Werner Printing & Lithographing Company, of Akron, Ohio, for the mechanical 
completion of the work. 

THE PUBLISHER. 
Detroit, August r 1891. 




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HON. Cll ARI.KS 1. WALKER. 



Early Detroit. 

EDITED nv JUDGE CHAS. I. WALKEH. 

Prom the time when the white mail trod the forests and traversed the inland seas, of what STibse- 
(juently became known as the Northwest, Detroit was held as the seat of i)olitical govei-nment for the vast 
territory comprising a region encompassed by the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers and the (Ireat Lakes, 
embracing the territory now occnpied by the five great States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan and 
Wisconsin. 

This entire territory was first under the undisputed control of France, which terminated only when 
Wolf obtained his victory on the Plains of Abraham, and even then, it virtually remained a part of 
Canada, until 17UG, when, under the provisions of Jay's treaty, it was surrendered to the United States. 
From France, Detroit and the territory tributary, received its first laws, its original social polity, and its 
early religious character; and although the wave of Anglo-Saxon emigration has, within two-thirds of a 
century, increased its population to millions, it has not obliterated, and it is hoped may never obliterate, 
the clear and distinct influence upon the social character established by French dominion. 

We should not forget, but proudly remember, that for the first century of its existence the City of the 
Straits was essentially French, in all its characteristics. We should never forget that the pioneers of civili- 
zation and Christianity along the shores of the noble rivers and lakes of the great Northwest, were 
Frenchmen. That in the face of dangers, toils, sacrifices and sufferings, whicli no language can portray, 
they bore aloft the torch of Christian truth, amid moral darkness and desolation ; and, sustained by a 
mental and moral discijjline known only to such as possess an unfaltering trust in God, they welcomed 
torture and death with a joyousness that finds few parallels in the annals of maidciud. The memoiy of 
their deeds are enibalnieil in the glowing pages of Bancroft, whose decease is this day (January 17, ISOl,) 
chronicled, leaving for me, sim|)ly to refer to the ciironological details of the circunhstnncps, f vents and 
incidents connected with the discovery, occupation and influences controlling during the period from IGIO 
to 1837. 

On the third of July, 1608, Champlain foundi'd Quebec. The maps drawn, and which have recently 
been found, indicate that the straits upon whicii Detroit is situated must have been visited by the white 
man, and known by Champlain as early as lG10,and from this period we date the discovery of its locality. 
Doubtless, the Sti-aits were visited by missionaries and hunters from time to time during the interval, but 
we have no authentic record of the fact, except the following: "In the spring of 1G70, Francois Doliier 
and /Vbb I5ubant-de-Galinee passed from Lake Erie through the Straits to the foot of Belle Isle, where they 
jilanted a cross and affixed thereon the French coat of arms." 

The loth of August, 1G79, ten years subsequent, Father Hennepin, who accompanied La Salle in the 
first vessel built by Europeans (the "GriflFiu") navigating the lakes, says: "This strait is finer than 
that of Niagara; the navigation is easy, the coast being low and even. It runs directly fi'oni north to 
south. The country is fine, the soil fertile, the banks of the straits are vast meadows, and the ])rospect is 
terminated with Hills covered with Vineyards. Trees bearing good fruit, groves and forests so well dis- 
posed that one could not have made, without the help of ai-t, so charming a prospect. It is so stocked 
with stags, wild goats, bears (the latter being better for food than our pork), while turkey cocks, swans 
and duck are common. The forests are chiefl.y made up of walnut, chestnut, plum and pear trees, loaded 
with their own fruit and vine. There is also abundance of timber fit for bnilding, so that they who shall 
be so happy as to inhabit this noble country, cannot but remember with gratitude those who have discov- 
ered the way, by venturing to sail upon an unknown lake for above one hundred leagues." 

Hennepin proposed a settlement here, but T^a Salle had grander projects, and jmshed his way west. 

As eai-l\- as 1 G83 the English of New York sought to obtain control of Detroit River, and deserters 
from the FrcMich were employed to accompany the Iroquois on such an expedition, but nothing wjis 
accomplished. 

The treaty of Ryswick (1(17'.)) suspended for the time further attempts on the part of the English to 
secure this portion of French territory, but gi-eat efforts were made secretly by the former to draw the 
Indians of the Northwest to "Orange" and '-Manatte" (as Albany and New York were then called). Th(\so 
allurements were not without their effect, which was heightened by Iro(iuois endeavors, in tiie Engli.sh 
interests. In 1G09 Robert Livingston laid before Lord Bellomont a project for taking possession of 
"DeTroette," as called by the French, and known in the Chippewa tongue as " Waweatanong." The 









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VIEWS IN I5ELLK ISLE PARK. 



ILLUSTRATED DETROIT. 7 

same year LaMotte Cadillac first proposed to the French Government to make a settlement for habitation 
at the same place. He did not immediately succeed. In 1700, Livingston renewed his project of 1699 
with greater earnestness. "It is," said he, "the most pleasant and plentiful inland place in America; 
there is arable land for thousands of people; the only place for beaver hunting, for which our Indians have 
fought so long. Here you have millions of elk, beaver, swan, geese, and all sorts of fowl; possessors of it, 
we control the fur trade of an illimitable territory." 

La Motte Cadillac, failing to impress the importance of his scheme upon the colonial government, 
went to France and laid his plans before Count Pontchartain, the French minister. His first object was 
to make it a permanent post, not subject to frequent changes, "that to secure permanency, it was neces- 
sary to have French traders and soldiers, and to induce friendly Indians to gather around it, and 
thus become able to meet the Iroquois. It would also intercept the English trade, as well as ojjcn a way 
to the Southwest, which could be reached from above. 

Tiie minister was so favorably impressed with Cadillac's representations and plans, that the latter was 
directly commissioned by the Crown as commandant, and reaching Quebec on his return from France, 
March Sth, 1701, left for his new post, June 5, with 50 soldiers and 50 artisans and tradesmen — reached 
Detroit on the 24th of July, 1701, and immediately enclosed his proposed fort by a stockade. It stood 
on what was formerly known as the first terrace, being on the ground lying between learned street and the 
river, between Griswold and Wayne — this point being opposite the narrowest part of the river, and higii 
enough to command everything within range. 



Detroit Under the French. 



Dp to the settlement of Detroit by Cadillac, there was nothing of which an}' political future could 
grow, as all posts in the Northwest were simply established for military purposes, and had no other 
significance. Except Detroit, no other establishment was allowed to form a nucleus of settlement, and 
hence, Detroit may be considered the first European settlement in the Northwest Territory, where any 
form of law, except military', controlled or was observed. 

After so far completing the fort as to make it defensible against Indians, erecting some log houses and 
preparing the ground for fall crops, Cadillac addressed himself to one of the great purposes he had in 
^iew — "That of gathering around the infant settlement the Indian nations of the territories, and make 
Detroit the great center of Indian trade, Indian power, and Indian civilization. In this he was successful, 
notwithstanding the opposition of a vicious commercial policy that characterized the French Government 
in the new world, and which had conferred upon the Canada Company the exclusive right to control tlie 
fur and peltry traffic of the Northwest. How far this was authorized by the king is not evident, but it is 
known that the next year Cadillac was given certain oversight of the business, although not control 
of its details. 

In 1703 several Indian villages had sprung up. Cadillac built comfortable homes for the chiefs, and 
sought to inspire them with a love for domestic comfort, and the habits of civilized life. He urged upon 
the colonial minister the establishment of a seminary for the education of the Indian children with those 
of the French, and sought to encourage permanent settlements by the French and the granting of lands to 
them. In this he was greatly thwarted by the Canada Company, which, desiring to monopolize the fur 
trade, was interested in having as few settlers as possible. Strong representations were made by it, and the 
officials of the colonial government at Quebec, against the continuance of Cadillac's policy, so that in May, 
1703, the King ordered the assemblage of the principal men of the country to consider the expediencj^ of 
its continuance. The Governor General and intondaTit (instead of assembling Cadillac and the pi-incipal 
inhabitants as requii-ed by the King's order) assembled at Quebec {without notice to Cadilhic) such 
persons as they saw fit, to pass upon the propriety of continuing the Post, calling only such traders from 
Detroit as wei-e then in Quebec. These were not pei'initted to leave until they had signed the report declar- 
ing the i)ost uninhabitable and burdensome, and recommending its abandonment. 

In the Fall of 1704, Cadillac visited Quebec and was at once arrested by order of the intendant, upon 
charges previously preferred by agents of the Canada Company, whom he had subjected to imiii-isonnient 
for fraudulent transactions, one of whom was a brother-in-law of the two prin(ij)al dii'cctors of the com- 
pany, and the other an uncle to the Governor General. After vexatious delays, Cadillac was acquitted of 
the charges, June 15th, 1705; but the Governor General delayed his return to his command. In the mean- 



■^ 





THEODORE II. IIINCIIMAN. 



GEORGE P. (iOODALE. 




JAMES F. NOYES, M. D. 



THE LATE lACOI! S. EARKAXD. 



k 



ILLUSTRATED DETROIT. 9 

time, the colonial minister (Count Pontchartrain) had arrived at Qnoheo, and Cadillac presented him- 
self before him, to vindicate his conduct, and fnlly reinstated himself in the confidence of the minister. In 
the summer of 17U0 he returned, relying conttdently on the support of the King; meanwhile, owing to the 
long absence of Cadillac, and the indiscretion of M. Bougmont (who had been sent to take command), the 
Ottawas had become turbulent, and finally iu the s]n-ing of 170(3 they attacked the Miamis near the fort, 
killed Father Constantine, a Kecollet, and La Rivere, a soldier, outside the walls. The Indians ]n'olonged 
this kind of siege for forty days, but did no material mischief. Cadillac being still at (inebec, learning of 
the attack, determined to have signal redress, and subsecjuently, when the Ottawas sent a deputation to 
the Governor General suing for peace, after rebuking them sharjjly, he referred them to Cadillac, who 
had, dui-ing the interim, returned to his post. The deputation then came to Detroit, and most earnestly 
and humbly besought his pardon and mercy. Cadillac looking upon Le Pesant (or the Bear), a chief of 
power and influence, as the principal offender, determined that he should be given up for vengeance. The 
Indian chiefs yielded, but requested that Cadillac should send a canoe to jMnckinaw, where they would 
deliver La Pesant. He did send a canoe and the old chief was given up, but with that genuine kindness 
of soul characteristic of him, he pardoned La Pesant, and set him at hbeity. 

Notwithstanding the favors and honors bestowed l)y Count Ponlchartrain, with which he sent him 
back to his post iu 170G, powerful interests were at work at Versailles to undermine Cadillac's position. 
In consequence of the complaints made of his conduct by the Governor General, M. de Vandreuile, and 1\L 
Baudot (intendant), and of counter charges made by Cadillac, the King on the 30tli of June, 1707, 
appointed Sieur d' Argumont to visit Detroit, and make careful and thorough incpiiries as to the condi- 
tion of the post, the character of its soil, the advantages of its location, the facts as to the action and 
chai'ges of the colonial officers, and the conduct of Cadillac generally. 

It is not easy to form in our minds a clear and distinct picture of Detroit as it was at this time 
(1707-8). The location of the fort aud the character of its defences have already been referred to. The 
soldiers rai'cly numbered twenty-five, and thtn^ were poorly ]iaid and illy clad. There were less than 
seventy French settlers (propeily so-called), nearly half of whom were traders. Twenty-nine of these 
settlers had taken ground ])lots within the fort, and had erected small log houses, thatched with grass, 
situated on either side of the sti-ects, about fifteen feet in width. Besides the settlers, there were found 
occasionally at the post mauj^ voyageurs and bush-rangers, while around were gathered the Indians in 
their villages. It was over this mixed element that Cadillac exercised almost absolute authority. The 
Canadian Company no longer monopolized the fur trade, and with its monopoly ceased also the salary of 
2,000 francs it had paid Cadillac, also the supplies it had furnished him. He, therefore, was dependent 
upon such resources as the place furnished to support himself and family, and to keep up the establishment 
of the post. Soon after his return fi"om Quel>ec, he bi'ought two canoe loads of French wheat and also a 
variety of other seeds and grain. Prior to this no wheat had been grown, the oidy grain n.sed being 
Indian corn — and the Hurons and Ottawas (who were expert farmers) raised it in great abundance, as 
well as beans, pumpkins and scjuashes. lie also brought machinei-y for a large water mill, which he erected 
on the Savoyard River, which stream was within the doumin, and ran between the.town and the later fort. 
For the grinding of grain he charged one-eighth toll. He also charged licenses to mechanics for the 
exercise of their trade, and to the inhabitants a small rent for the use of the lands they occupied, together 
with a poll tax of two francs per year. He also kept in store brandy, which was dealt out to each 
customer in turn, limiting the quantity to one twenty-fourth part of a quart at any one time, and for 
which he charged at the rate of twenty francs per quart; thus the high price and small (]uantity sold to 
individuals, measurably prevented intoxication. He made two grants of land within the present limits of 
Detroit (though not included until within a few years), and as the first land grants in Michigan, and the 
only manorial grants ever recognized as valid in the State, thej^ deserve mention. One, dated March lOth, 
1707, and made to Fi-ancois Fafard-dit-Delorme, was two arpents (400 feet) in width, by twenty in de])t]i, 
the consideration being that Delorme was to pay annually five li\-res (about twenty-five cents) for 
Seigneurial dues, and ten livres for other privileges, payable in ])cltries, until a currency was established in 
the colony, and thereafter in money; that he commence im])roving within three months; that he should 
plant, or help to plant, a long May pole annually, before the principal manor, and grind his grain at the 
l)ublic nn'll, giving toll at eight pounds for each minot; that he should not sell, hypothecate, or lease 
without consent, and that he should be subject to the grantors; a preemjjtion in case of sale as well as to 
dues of alienation, and subject to the use of timber for vessels and foitifications, as the King demanded. 
The grantee could not work at any mechanical nits without special p(>i'niit. He was given pei-mission to 
trade, but must employ no clei-ks, unless they had been domiciliati'd at Detroit. The sale of brandy to the 
TndiiHis forfeited the li(iu()r and confi.scated the hinds. The grant did Tiot re(piii'e the grantee to re.side ou 
the lands, because, for many years, life was uiisale witliout the gates of the town. 



* 



ILLUSTRATED DETROIT. ti 

That Cadillac derived sufficient revenue from the foregoing sources to maintain his position and 
provide for his family, and the expenses of the garrison, without aid from the liome or colonial government 
is evident, from the comjiarative degree of ])ros|)erity which existed between the period of his return from 
Ciuebec (in 1707), up to the time of his leaving Detroit to assume the governorship of Louisana, in 
1710-11, and notwithstanding the fact that M. D'Aigumont, in November, 1708, reported strongly 
against the further maintenance of Detroit post, he was able to leave it in a condition which compelled 
France and the world to acknowledge him as the founder, on the banks of the Detroit River, of a large and 
flourishing colony. To his memory, as the founder of our city, we owe this tribute of gratitude. There 
are few names connected with the Northwest that are entitled to so high a place in its liistory. He was 
eminently frank and truthful— a cordial friend, and an earnest, open foe. His enemies accused him of 
being aml)itious of gain, but no taint of fraud, corruption, or treachery, rested upon his acts, while 
r(>corded facts show that he devoted himself with disinterested and self-denying toil and sacrifice to the 
well-being of the little colony he founded. No special vices seem to iiave nmrked his career, or marred the 
harmony of his character. Such was De La Motte Cadillac, the founder of Detroit, and the first Governor 
of Louisiana. 

We have devoted more space to him and to this portion of the early history of our city, because of the 
courage, perseverance, and integrity exhibited by him in establishing a colon^^ in the very heart of the 
new woi-ld, amongst a savage population, a thousand miles from the sea coast, and in opjjosition to the 
ai)parent policy of the very government whose fostering care he should have received, but which was 
withlif'ld through the cupidity, intrigue, and tivarliery of high officials of that government. 

The year succeeding Cadillac's departure from Detroit, it was attacked by a large force of Foxes, which 
for a time threatened its complete extinction. Du Duisson was in command of the po.st, when earl^' in the 
Sjn'ing of 1712 the Indians encamped in large numbers, within fifty paces of the fort. They were insolent 
— claimed the whole country as their own, destroyed the property of the French, and killed their animals. 
They dared not offer resistance, and Du Buisson was compelled to treat them with mildness, as his whole 
force consisted of but thii'ty Frenchmen and eight Miami Indians, and his ordnance of two swivels; but 
when they ventured to come into the fort to kill an inhabitant, he could no longer restrain himself, but 
took arms and drove them from its immediate vicinity; the Indians, however, intrenched themselves 
within easy musket shot. Just at the very crisis, a lai'ge force of fi-iendly Indians arrived from their 
winter hunting grounds. Among these were the Illinois, the Missouries, as well as the tribes in the vicinity 
— the Ottawas, Hurons, and I'ottawatomies. They were at once admitted to the fort, and supplied with 
ammunition. The Foxes became at once the besieged instead of the besiegers. For iiineteen days they held 
their position, when they surrendered at discretion, but no (quarter was given. The Hurons, especially, did 
not spai-e a single prisoner that fell to their lot. Nearly 1,000 Foxes perished in their attack on Detroit, 
while the allies lost only GO Indians and one Frenchman. With this siege ended the chief ])erils of the 
young city. For many j'ears peace prevailed; settlements were made up and down the river, and from 1712 
to 17(J() (when French dominion ceased), the jieojjle dwelt in Arcadian sini]ilicity and hap]iiiiess, loving 
intercour.se of a simple, generous, social, and hospitable chai'acter jtrevailing, free from ambition and 
its cares. 

The deej) majestic river, the beautiful meadows upon its banks, with the background of \'ines, fruit 
and the noble forests, teeming with almost every kind of game; the cultivated soil, rii h in its jiroduction 
of cereals and vegetables, its waters furnishing the finest of fish, its climate mild and salubi'ious — all united 
in making it, as the early French state, "the loveliest ])ortion of Canada." A country so abouiKling with 
beauties and advantages, soon became attractive to settlers from France and the oldei' portions of Can- 
ada, so that there grew up a, social element, possessing two general national characteristics, yet in some 
resjiects distinct-: one of gentlemanly traders and farmei-s having noble connections and antcK-edents, 
the other being voyageurs and peasants. Here on the margin of Detroit I'iver, they lived side by side in 
perfect harnnjuy, yet each in his own s])here — each contented with his place. The peiisaiit indulging in no 
dreams of the "('(piality of nmn," while the gentleman, jealous of no encroachment from the peasant, was 
the indulgent, kind-hearted emjjloyer and patron. 

They were a gay, light-hearted people — scrupulou.sly hones! , generous and honorable. Surrounded 
with dangers, they met them with undaunted courage, and when the peril passed, theii- habitual gayety 
returned. No memory of the past or fear of the future marred the hap]iiness of the present. Sorrow and 
suffering were soon forgotten, and pi-ivations laughed at or cheerfully endured. Sim])le and fi'ugal in 
their habits, contented with Iheii' lot, they renewed in the forest reces.ses of the New Woild the lif(> of the 
old, and the joyous scenes of sunny France were lived over again on the banks of the Detroit. 

This happy condition continued with slight interruption until 1747, when British agents, aided by 
the Iroquois, succeeded in leading the Hurons away from the Freiu'li, and about the same time the coun- 
try was troubled by deserters and renegades fi-om Louisiana. Added to these troubles, the sup])iy of pro- 




RUSSELL IIOUSE-Literior and Exterior Views, 



ILLUSTRATE D DETROLT. \% 

viisioiis from the lands about the settlement began to fail, and for awhile there was danger from famine. 
Ill 17-tiS it wao (iu(>.stioni'd whether it might not be well to remove the fort to Bois-blane Island, but it 
was not thought best to do so, as the Indians having become settled, trancjuility was restored and (juiet 
reigned at Detroit. 

In 1750, (lovernor De lu Galissonnier, in his report to the Fi-ench Court, after noting the weak points 
and advantages of various places, makes special reference to Detroit. "This place demands now the 
greatest attention; did it contain a farming ])opulation of a thousand, it would feed all the rest.'" 
"Througliout the whole interior of Canada it is best adapted for a town, where all the trade of tlie 
lakes would concentrate. Were it provided with a good garrison and surrounded by a goodly number of 
settlements, it would be enabled to over-awe almost all the Indians of the continent." He also made sug- 
gestions in regard to tlie establishment of manufacturing industries. "In this regard fhere is a great 
contrast between the English and French in their treatment of their respective colonies— the former ob- 
structing and prohibiting and the latter encouraging and aiding their establishment." About this time 
the fort and stockade were enlarged, and pursuant to the suggestions of the (Jovernor, a considerable 
number of settlers were sent from France, advances being made by the Government, until they were able 
to take care of themselves. They prospered; but in 17r)2 jiro visions were so scarce that Indian corn 
reached twenty livres (efiual to 14 our money) a bushel in pelti'ies — and it was feared some of the Cana- 
dians would have to be sent away. Famine was not the only danger at Detroit. The small-pox also began 
its ravages in the adjacent villages of the Fott.awatoniies and Ottawas: but by 17.^4, the settlement again 
began to recover and the colony to flourish. ^Meantime, when the English banished the Acadiaus fi'oni 
their homes — scattering families and communities — some of the unfoi-tunate victims found refuge in 
Detroit. 

During the border war betwe;'n the French and English, which soon after broke out, Detroit militia 
took an active part, rendering good service; and when the war on the lower St. Lawrence drew towards 
its close, IVllestre commanded them in several sharp engagements. 

In Novembei-, 17G0, ^lajor Ilobert Rogei's, with a force consisting of part of the GUtli (Ivuyal Anieri- 
caiis) and SOth regiments, appeared below the town and demanded its surrender, in accordance with the 
terms of the ca])itu]ation of Canada. Neither the commandant (\\. de Bellesti'e), noi- the inhabitants, had 
been appri.sed of the fact "that the garrison at Detroit was included," and therefore (juesticjned the infor- 
mation contained in the letter of TJogers, but n]ion examining copies of the articles of capitulation, 
dispatched him by the latter, thr-ough ilajor Ca.mpliell, he was comiiellcd to subnn't, and the British flag 
was raised over the astounded settlement. 

Francois Marie, commonly called and signing himself Ti(|u<)te de Bellestre, was the last of the French 
comnnuidei's of Detroit, and deser-ves a prominent jilace in its history, for the efficiiMicy, sagacity iinil 
bravery shown by him in jjrotecting its inhabitants during the border war against British and Indian foes. 



Detroit Under British Rule. 
1 7(;o. 

The white population of Detroit settlement at this time did not exceed 700 or SOO, in place of 2,.5(;0 
as estimated by Major Kogers, and were mostly French. The settlements from the fort, up and down the 
river on both sides, was about six miles. There were within the pickets fi'om (SO to TOO dwellings — all of 
logs, exce])t the house of the commandant. The fai'ms were all nai'row and dee)), with a frontage on the 
river, so that the houses were ncai- togcllicr, and, being ncatl.N- wliifcwashi'd, iircscntcd from fhc watera 
vei-y picturesque ap]i(>arance. 

When the English took possession of Detroit and its dejjendent territory Wwy found a pcojile who 
had but little conce])tion of a mnniciiial fri'edom and self-government, or of liberty regulated by law, 
originating from the will of the governed, and received with e(pial uncpiestioning submissiveness, their law 
from the king and his subordinates, and their religion from their ]triests. The settlers being comparatiA'ely 
few in numbers, and all within a line of ten miles long, the new ruh.'i's deemed there was no occasion for any 
immediate chang(> of legal system. In fact, there was so little for law to operate upon, that the people 
knew nothing about its necessities. l!y the articles of capitulation, those Frenchmen who chose to do so 
could disi»ose of th(>ir estate and leave the colony. .\ few availed themselves of these privileges and went 
to Illinois, .St. Louis and Louisiaini. Bellestre and his gari-ison were escoi-ted East. 




"^ 'i:'\'Q''<.: u f >' 



,Mt#'f' 





^l^^l 




RESIDENCE OF FRANK J. IIECKER. 



-U 



ILL I 'S TRA TED DE TROIT. , - 

Tho Treaty of Peacf was not si,2;np(i until 1768, and altlioniili tlio proclamation of George the Third, 
of ( )ctober 7, established the oovernnient of Quebec, for Canada. Detroit and the territory west was not 
included. Hence no civil code was established, except uonnunUy. The magistrates were appointed by the 
commandant, and the soldiers executed their processes. As a, sequence, mutual distrust and dislike was 
engendered between the British officers and the people. 

During the year (May, 1708) I'ontiac, the celebrated Pottawatomie chief besieged the fort— hemmed 
in and sorely harrassed the garrison, defeated a strong detachment sent out against him, and was onlv 
repulsed at the end of eleven months by a large force under Ueneral Bradstreet, who subsecinently suc- 
ceeded Gladwin as commandant of the Post. The fact tliat Pontiac ami other Indian chiefs reo-aided the 
Fi'eiK-h as their allies, and refu.sed to recognize the treaty of Paris, was perhaps one of the reasons wliv the 
British regarded the French settlei-s with suspicion. Undouljtedly this had much to do with man\- of the 
restrictions which the latter comi)lained of. 

Immediately following the Pontiac war, traders from .\lbany appeared, and obtained somi' foothold. 
They were a roving class. Sir AVilliam Johnson referring to (hem, says: "They were greedy and unscru- 
pulous; deceived and cheated the Indians, making Englishmen still more obnoxious to both the French 
settlers and savages. The greatest number of permanent traders finally settling in Detroit, were of 
Scottish birth or origin. These gentlemen obtained and retained great ascendency over the Indians, and 
it was through them that ultimately the Northwest tribes became allies of the English. In 1765 Brad- 
street urged upon the government the introduction of more settlers, but the trade intei'ests of Great 
Britain were as much oppo.sed to encouraging American settlements as any of the French intriguers had 
been. These and the other influences mentioned retarded the growth of Detroit. Referring again to the 
influence exercised by the Scottish element in harmonizing the French and Indian with the English, we 
must not forget tlnvt the representatives of the former came from the Highlands of Scotland. They were 
iml)ued with that old feudal system which produced and encouraged the old habit of courtesy and kind- 
ness to inferiors, and paid but little regard to the claims of wealth or social relations //,;,ser/ upon it: 
f hough high temi)ered, they still recognized the i)rinciples of e(|ual and impartial justice, and hence were 
careful of giving offence, either to the French or Indian element. 



Detroit During the Revolutionary War. 



The emigration of original British subjects was somewhat limited during the interim between 1760 
and 1778, as, at the latter period, there were only thirty Scotchmen, fifteen Irishmen and two Englishmen. 
These were mostly traders and without families. No new settlements had been fornie(], and at llieconi- 
mencement of the Revolution, exclusive of officers and soldiers, the entire population of the .\ort Invest did 
not exceed 5,000 souls. 

In 1775, Cohniel Henry Hamilton was sent to Detroit as superintendent of it and its dependencies. 
The latter included the entire Northwest. He was clothed with absolute authority, both civil and military, 
ami speri;illv instructed to secure the affiliation of the Indian tribes. From this time. Detroit became the 
center of British power in the Northwest. The relentless and ci-uel Indian warfare against the bord(^r set- 
flements of Pennsylvania, Virginia and Kentucky, receiv(>d its insjiiration and direction fi<nu I'rifish 
influences at Detroit. 

The Indian power of the .Northwest was estimated by Sir "William Johnson to have exceeded, without 
including the Illinois Indians, !),000 fighting men. This power, through British influence and British gold, 
wasem])loyed to cripple and destroy the struggling colonies, and in its rapacity and ferocity, spared 
niMther sex, infancy mjr age. 

The French residents, while bi-ave and manly, lacked those habits of organization which are somewhat 
instinctive with tlu? Briton and American, and while discontented with English rule, they remained, as a 
body, neutral ; and, although some few enlisted in the military service, only a few prominent French <iti- 
zens were commissioned in the militia, and fought under the British flag. 

Both governments saw from the beginning the impoi-tance of Detroit as the center of Indian affairs, 
and whoevcn- occni)ied it conti'olled the latter. If the Americans secured their independence, the settle- 
ments of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and the entire Northwest were certain to be(>ome American States. The 
Bi-itish could only nuiintain their dominion over this i-egion by dei)o]iula ting so much of the Western 
country as was settled by Americans, and therefcne their i)lans were deliberately laid to excite the Iiulians 



ILLUSTRATED DETROIT. 17 

to the iniliscriiiiiiiate slaughter of Americans. From 1775 the tribes were stirred up by British emissaries 
ag-ainst American settlements. Hamilton, the Lieutenant Governor of Detroit, accepted the well-known 
])olicy of the BritisJi (loverninent (wliich, it will be remembered, was eloquently denounced by Lord Chat- 
ham at the time), and without hesitation offered to assume the office of setting on the savages. Adopting 
the usual methods, he found Ht subjects to aid him, and raids were made upon the settlements in Ohio and 
Kentucky, till at length George Rogers Clark set out trom Mrginia and began to change the face of affairs, 
by ca])taring Vincenues, Ind. (July 4, 1778), and (iLiietiug the hostility of the Indians in that quarter. 
The news of the victory of Americans over the British caused great excitement at Detroit, and Hamilton 
at once prepared to re-concpier the country; in the coui-se of which Hamiltf)n reached and re-cnptured 
Vincenues on the 15th of December. On the 25th of February following, Clark re-took the Post. 
Hamilton, Hay, De Jean and Lamothe were put in iious and sent to Virginia, and the privates (being 
mostly French) were i)aroled. 

This severity was exercised towai-d the former because of their cruelty toward American prisoners at 
Detroit, it being charged that Hamilton had offered rewai-ds for scalps and not for prisoners, that De Jean 
was the willing instrument of his cruelty, and that Hay and Lamothe had led scalping parties, who spared 
neither men, women nor children. The3' were subsequently released upon a stringent parole, through the 
interposition of General Washington. 

The capture of Vincenues the second time was temporarily' a turning point in the history of the North- 
west. By the influence of these events, or through their happening, the northwest boundary of the now 
American Union was removed from Ohio and Kentucky to the Great Lakes. Nowhere else did the 
colonies have a foothold in the territory com])rising ^lichigau. Wisconsin, and the great States, North- 
west — and only for the victory of George Rogers Clark, it possibly would have been to-da}^ jiart of a 
British Canadian colony. Dui'ing Hamilton's absence, the fort at Detroit was in command of ilajor li. 
B. Lei'uoult (sometimes written Le Noult), who, after Clark's success, anticipating an attack, built a new 
fort, locating it on the rising ground between the streets now known as Griswohl and Wayne, Congress, 
and Michigan avenue. This was called Fort Lernoult until 1818, when it was changed to that of Shelby, 
in honor of Gov. Shelby, of Kentu<-ky. (It remained until 1827, when it was abandoned to the city.) 
January 12, 1771), Washington urged the importance of an expedition to capture Detroit ; but while 
several were projected, none succeeded. Meantime, Arent Schuyler De Peyster succeeded Hamilton at 
Detroit — who, while at times seemingly arbitrary, was undoubtedly a good officer. He conflicted some- 
what with the home government and its policy, as the largest number of Indian grants to actual settlers 
during the legitimate British possession, were confirmed by him soon after his arrival. He is said to have 
possessed some literary ability, and assumed and ju-acticed duties somewhat multifiii'ious. On occasion 
he performed the duties of chaplain, and in this capacity married Thomas Williams (father of John R.) to 
Miss Cecelia Campau, May 7th, 1781. 

The defeat and capture of Hamilton greatly lessened the prestige of the British name among the 
Indians, and the British officers at Detroit felt the necessity' of striking some great blow to restore and 
retain their confidence. 

The French, who never loved the British, were also becoming disaffected, and when they learned of the 
ti-eaty between France and the United States, began to express sympathy with the colonies. These facts 
led to preparations of an extensive character by the English, under the direction of General Ilaldenumd 
(commandant at Quebec), and accordingly, ample arrangements were made for the most imposing and 
destructive Indian expedition against the border that had ever been organized. The expenses of the 
outfit at Detroit alone exceeded f y()U,OUO. 

It may be interesting to note the situation of Detroit and its social condition, during the period while 
these extensive ])reparations for fk'j)opaI;ii'mg-the American border settlements were being made (viz.: the 
winter of 1780-81). As has been stated, the large sums of money to be expended naturally attracted 
traders and Indians to Detroit. The latter, sporting their ornaments and gay attire, indulged in their 
savage games and dances, without the fortification, while within the town were gathered army officei's 
and their families, together with the intelligent and enterprising traders and quite a number of agreeable 
and attractive French settlers with their families. Shut out for a long winter from the rest of the world, 
dependent upon them.selves for society, secure from the actual presence of war, they gave themselves up to 
social pleasure with a joyous zest. 

The expedition for which such ample preparations were made, organized in the Spring of 1780. Cap- 
tain Bird, of the Eighth Kings regiment, was jjlaced in command, and was accompanied by the Detroit 
I\Iilitia, under Chabert De Joncair, Jonathan Scheifflin, Isidore Cheue, as officers, and eighty privates. 
The Indians who joined the expedition numbered about 800 savage warriors. The regular soldiers were 
few, only enough to man the six small cannon which were taken. 




m^ 




No. I— FOUNTAIN IN (iRANI) CIRCUS PARK. 



No. 2— FOUNTAIN IN GRAND CIRCUS PARK. 







Nos. 3, 4, 5— DETROIT RIVER SCENES. 



Ko. 6— ART MUSEUM. 



TLLUSTRATED DETROIT. i$ 

This niotloy forro prooepded soiitli, and in its progress dpvastated small settlompnts in Ohio and Kpn- 
tuelvv; tlip caidnicii inliabitants wliose livps were s])ai-pd bccanic Indian, rather than British jn-isoncrs. 
These successes, tlioueli small, served to sharpen the Indian appetite, and the.y urged Captain W'wA to at- 
tack the lar<ier settlements; but refnsini;-, he precipitately withdrew his forces and returned to Detroit, 
whei-e he arrived about the first of August, bringing tlie Indians and their captives with him. Thus ended 
the expedition from which so much had been auticii)ated. 

In February, 1781. (Jovernor Jefferson, of Virginia, urji'cd the organization of an expedition for the 
capture of Detroit, to be comnuinded by General Chirk, rather than Drodhead. On September 25th he 
again suggested an expedition against Detroit under Clark at the general expense, estimating it to cost 
•■f 2, 000, 000. December 15th he writes, "They have reasons to expect the ensuing Spring a force of 2,000 
British a,nd luiliaus will de.scend upon the bonier, and that Virginia has determined to undertake the de- 
struction of Detroit," and asks General Washington to loan arms and munitions of w'ar for the expedi- 
tion. On the 1 nth of the same month, Washington writes to Col. Brodhead at Pittsburgh, "to furnish 
the required arms and munitions and to aid General Clark to the extent of his power, stating that "the 
iuability of the continent to undertake the reduction of Detroit has imposed the task upon the State of 
Virginia." The invasion of Virginia by Cornwallis in 1781. prevented that State from furnishing the pro- 
l)osed aid, and the expedition was aliandoned. 

This was the last of all the jjrojects for the taking of Detroit, which had so long been the nest for 
hatching murderous and devastating raids uy)on the border settlements. Meantime, while the capture 
of Cornwallis at Yorktown in October, 1781, virtually ended the war between Great Britain and the 
United States, the final treaty of peace, howevei-, was not signed until 1783. By the terms of the treaty, 
the Northwest became a part of the American Union, but Detroit and its dependencies continued to be 
occupied by the British until July, 179G, when, for the first time, the Stars and Stripes waved over 
Detroit and its dependencies. 

The change of allegiance did not affect the social relations of most of its citizens; they had been old 
associates and had no jjersonal quarrels over it, especially' as understood by the intelligent portion, the 
British Mini.stry did not represent the British people, from whom the entire heritage of xVmerican liberty 
had descended. There came, however, a number of settlers from New York, denominated as Tories; these 
were not regarded with much coni])laceiicy. either by Americans or by the French, the latter having a 
vague idea and dread of being talked out of their possessions b^' these glib-tongued bargainers; but after 
a time compauionshi]) and the limited society of a small frontier town smoothed away prejudices, a.nd 
Detroit became a place of more than ordinary social harmony. 



Detroit Under American Rule. 



On the IStli of August, 17i)(5, Winthro]) Sargeant, acting gcjveiuoi of tlie Northwest, set apart the 
county of Wayne, fixing its boundaries from tlie Cuyahoga river (Ohio) westward to the dividing line now- 
existing between Indiana and Illinois, thence northward to the national boundary line, and iiichuling 
what subsequently became the territory of Michigan, embracing a portion of Oiiio and Indiana, and the 
entire of Wisconsin, Detroit being constituted the county seat. He organized the militia and the court of 
"Common Pleas," which was the court of record for this extensive jurisdiction, and was i)resided over by 
lay judges — business men, selected for their probity and intelligence. L!)uis Beaufit was Ifi-st Senior 
Justice, and James May, Charles Girardin, Patrick McNiff and Xatlian Williams, were early justices. A 
Supreme Court for the Northwest territory was established, which held a session each year at Detroit. Its 
first judges appointed by the President and Senate were Bufus Putnam, John Cleves Symes and George 
Turner. Putnam was soon succeeded by Joseph Gilman and Turnei- by Return J. Meigs. 

For the first time in the history of the Nortliwest, a regular course of ju.stice was established, and 
"civil" law took precedence of military. That a better understanding may be had of the situation at 
this jieriod, I venture to digress somewhat and refer briefly to thei)rinciples and manner by which titles to 
lands were acquired. 

Immediately on the discovery of this vast contineut, the European nations weie eager to apjjrojjriate 
to themselves so much of it as they could respectively acquire, but as all were in pursuit of the same 
object, it was necessary, in order to avoid conflicting settlements, and consequently war with each other, 
to establish a principle which all should ackuow ledge as the law by which the right of acquisition, which 





C. 11. BUHL. 



II. P. BALUWIN. 




^^ 



0^ %^ 

> 




EDWARD C.WALKER. 



1-RED CARLLSLE. 



ILLUSTRATED DETROIT. 2, 

they all sought, should be regulated as between themselves. The principle was, that discovery gave title 
to the government by whose sul^jects or by whose authority it was made, against all other European 
governments, which title might be consummated by possession; so that the nation making the discovery 
had the sole right to acquire the soil from the natives, and establish settlements. Those relations which 
were to exist between the discoverer and the natives, were to be regulated by themselves. In the establish- 
ment of these relations, the rights of the original inhabitants, while not entirely disregartled, were to a 
great extent impaired. They were recognized a.s rightful occupants of the soil, with a legal and just right 
to i)ossess aud hold, according to their own discn-etion; but their rights to cornplete sovereignty, as 
independent nations, was diminished, and their power to sell at their own will to whomsoever they chose, 
was denied by the fundamental principle of discovery, which gave exclusive title to those who made it. 
Hence, while the different nntious of Euroi)e respected the riglit of the Indian nation to occupy, they 
claimed the jjower to grant the soil, while yet in possession of the natives. These grants were therefore 
understood to convey a title to the grantees. subj(ict to Indian right to occupy only. The history of 
America, from its discovery to the present day, .seems to recognize these princi]>les. The discussions of 
Spain, respecting boundaries, with France. Great Britain and the t'nited States, shows that she based liei- 
rights on that of discovery. Portugal sustained her claiTn to Brazil by the same title. France founded 
her title to Acadia, Canada, and to the territoi'y north, south and west, watered by the Mississi])])i, on 
this basis. No one of the European jjowei-s gave its assent to this principle moi-e unequivocally than 
England. As early as 1496 her monarch granted a commission to the Cabots to discover unknown 
countries and take ]iossessiou f)f them in the name of the King of England. Two yeai's later Cabot 
discovered the continent of North America, ahjug which he sailed as far south as Virginia. To this 
d\SGovevy t\\e English tva,ce their title. Further proofs as to the extent to wliicli this ])rinci]jle has been 
recognized is found in the history of the wars, negotiations and treaties which the different nations 
claiming territory in America have carried on and held. Between France and (Jreat Britain, whose 
discoveries and settlements were contemporaneous, contests for the country actually settled or discovered 
by them began as soon as their settlements approached each othei-. and were continued until finally settled 
in 17(j.'5, by the treaty of Paris, when the right and title, as acquired by the French to Detroit and its 
dependencies, passed to the English, who, in turn, ceded them to the United States by the treaty of 1794, 
known as Jay's treaty with Lord Grenville. 

The United States having thus succeeded, they asserted in themselves the title to the soil, by which it 
was first acqiiired and maintained, as all others claimed. "That discovery gave exclusive right to extin- 
guish tiie Indian title of occu])ancy either by purchase or conquest, and gave also the right to such a degree 
of sovereignty as the circumstances of the people would allow them to exercise." Hence, the change from 
French to English, and from English to American rule, was felt but little, and titles to lands held under 
grants from France or England were not disturbed, except those made by English comnumdants duiing 
the period of what was termed the unlawful occu])ation, viz.: between 178.'5 and 179G, and in resjiect to 
these, Congress withheld confirmation. On Amei-ican accession in 1796, Congress extended the provision 
of the ordinance of 1787 over the Northwest territory. It established temporary rules of descent and 
succession, and for the disposing of property. It vested original legislative authority in other bodies than 
Congress. It- i)rovided for a governor, to be a])]iointed by ('ongress for a term of three years, but i-emov- 
able. A secretary to hold four y,_^ai's, unless removed, and three judges, to hold dui'ing good behavioi-. A 
majority of the governor and judges were to adopt from the States such laws as were suited to the terri- 
tory, to continue until disapproval by Congress, or altered by the future Legislature. The governor could 
lay out counties and townshijjs. and ajipoint magistrates and other civil and military officers. When the 
popular as.sembly, however, should be organized, all this was subject to legislative control. But Congress 
retained no powers of immediate legislation for itself. In 1789, when the Constitution was adopted, one 
of the first acts of Congress adapted this ordinance to it, vesting ap])ointnients in the Pi'esident aud 
Senate. Detroit for the fii'st tin.e now began to fwl the influence which emanated fVom the ])rote(tion 
afforded by the establishment of a civil form of government. Travellers who vi. si ted it in 179(). and 
shortly after, ex])ressed theii' surprise at the number and wealth of its merchants, and extent of their 
business, and state that all kind of articles are as cheap in Detroit as in New York and Philadelphia. The 
people were gay aud prosperous, and freely indulged in the pomp and vanities of dress and amusement, as 
their contenq)()ra lies of eastern cities. Tiie inventories of its iidiabitants include ])late, silks and all 
maiHier of luxuries. 

"Till' inhabitants were well supjilicd with ]iio\isions of every desciiption and the fish especially are the 
huest in the world." "The country around Detroit ascends gradually from the river, and at a distance of 
24 miles reaches a height of over 400 feet." 

In the nuiin, the foregoing is a fair picture of Detroit, when fii-st occupied by the United States troops 
.Iulvl,1796. 





CADETS, MICHIGAN MILITARY ACADEMY, ORCHARD LAlvi:, MlCll. 



ILLUSTRATED DE7R0IT. 23 

Deti-oit, iniTnediately after its occupation by the TTiiited States, received accessions from New England, 
New Yoik and Ohio, and in 1798 it and the territory tributary liad acquired tlie number of inliabitants 
which entitled it to a general assembly. Three members were allotted to Wayne County, and Messrs. 
Solomon Sibley, Jacob Visgei- and Charles F. Charbert de Joncair, were chosen. The Legislature was sum- 
moned and convened at Cincinnati, February 4th, 1799. This Legislature passed laws j)roviding- for tlie 
courts with e(]uity powers, and set apart every sixteenth section of the lands promised by the government 
for school purposes; also laws for the protection of the Indians, and to restrict the veto pt)wers of the 
/ernor. 

In November, 1801, the legislature assembled at Chillicothe, where it remained in session until .bmu- 
ary 23, 18U2. It passed acts of incorporation for Detroit, which pi-ovided for a Board of Trustees, witli 
power to make by-laws and ordinances for the regulation of the town. The town authorities thus created 
made use of these prerogatives, for the prevention of fires and the use of streets as bowling alleys. There 
had been few changes in the town since the French days. The streets were as before, but from tiltecn to 
twenty feet in width. The houses wei-e generally well built, block -houses one and a half story, witli jjcaked 
roofs, starting but a few feet from the ground, with dormer windows. The lots in the old town were small 
and the houses stood so close, as to afford no courts or gardens. Hence, when the fire of 1805 occurred, 
the old town was entirely destroyed. Fortunately a few of the wealthy residents, had. prior to this 
disa.ster, purchased a space oue arpent wide from the westerly side of the Askin or Brush farm, extending 
from the river to Michigan avenue, upon which they had erected good and substantial dwellings sur- 
rouniled by large grounds and gardens. These survived the fire. No vehicles were used, except such as 
could be drawn by a single pony. In the center of each house arose a huge stone chimney, cooking stoves 
not having been invented. Baking was done in huge ovens, attached to the chimney or built in the yard. 
The crane swung in the side of the chimney, and the pots and kettles were suspended over the fire from 
hooks and trammels. The records of the trustees show numerous fines imposed for failure of the inhabi- 
tants to keep their Avater buckets full, or their leather buckets com]ilete and within rea.ch, and their ladders 
sound. There were no engines and at fires the people formed double lines to the river, the men to pass the 
full buckets, and the women and children the empty ones. Among other offences made the subject for the 
imposition of fines, the most numerous were those iox horse raciuo; i\,\\A l)owling. The Canadian ])onics 
and their masters were as prone to racing as some of our modern horsemen, and no amount of fining- 
could keep the prosperous owners of hoi'ses from trying their sjjeed in the narrow streets of the town. I'ut 
the more dangerous amusement was rolling cannon balls in the stieets. Nine-]jin alleys seemed to recpiire 
more room than the short t)locks afforded, aud the narrow sidewalks covered with wooden block, were 
tempting substitutes, while an eighteen-pound ball required strength and skill to send it swiftly ami 
."traJght along the ground. The culprits brought liefore the trustees for these transgressions, were mostly 
the solid men of business; they indulged in their .simple amusements, ad-libitum. The change of 
sovereignty took some of the wealthiest merchants into Canada, where they setted at Andiei-atbui'gh and 
Sandwich. The British Government soon after prepared to build a foi-t at the mouth of the river on 
Bois Blanc Island. This would have commanded the entrance to Lake Erie, but under a strong protest 
from the United States the British changed their plans, and built upon the main land. The treaty of 1783 
fixed the btjundar^- to run along the middle of the water communication between Lake Ei-ie and Lake 
Huron, and nothing was said about particular channels or islands, and, therefore, Janua.ry 11, 1805, Con- 
gress passed an act fixing the boundaries of what became the territory of Michigan, Detroit being made 
the seat of government, and the ordinances of 1787 and 1789 were adopted as the charter of the 
territory. 

June 11, 1805, the old jtortion of the town, as before mentioned, was desti-oyed by fire. It covered 
an area of about four blocks of tlie present city, viz.: between (ii-iswold and Wayne, and from Wood- 
bridge to Earned streets. Shortly after. Congress authorized the Governor and judges to lay out a new 
town. Their labor was completed, and the new plan adopted in 1807. They gave to owners of laud in the 
old town an ecpiivalent in land in the new, and to each male inhabitant, twenty-one yeai-s of age at the 
time of the fire, a lot containing G,000 square feet. The town, or so much as was inhabited, was by order 
of Gov. Hull enclosed by a strong stockade, in order to resist any attack from the various Indian tribes 
who threatened its destruction. The Territory of Michigan, at this time, contained no white settlements 
except Detroit and Frenchtown (the river suttleinents), and ^Mackinaw, aud a population exclusive of 
Indians of 3,00G. 



'^ 7. .■!*■>%? A 







1^ 
fci 



Detroit Just Prior to the War of 1812. 



In 1810, Dotroit had a popnlatinn of 1 ,Gr)0. There was not a, hamlet or farm five miles away from its 
boundary. Immediately across the liver was a province which was rapidly improving;- in wealth and 
population, carefully fostered by the British Government, wliile Detroit was separated from other 
American settlements by several hundred miles of wilderness— inhabited by savage Indian tribes, who were 
in regular receipt of arms, ammunition and supplies from Great IJiitain, which spared no means to secure 
and hold the i-espect and attachment of the Indian for the British. These efforts met with no resistance 
fromourg-overninent, and it might have been foreseen to be dangerous to leave Deti-oit and its inhabitants 
thus isolated and unprotected, esi)ecially as the allegiance of the people had so recently been changed 
without there own procurement. This situation presented a strong temptation for our neighbors across 
the river to make an effort to get bade the territory once conti'olled by them. In adilition, the selection 
of William Hull as Governor was unfortunate. He was an old Revolutionary officer from Massachusetts. 
Unlike General Harrison, then Governor of Indiana, he was not familiar witii the character of either the 
Indians or the border settlers, and failed to secure the fear or respect of the former, or the confidence of 
the latter. Michigan needed a governor with western ideas, who would give sutficieut heed to the 
character and ways of its population. 

It is charged that Gov. Hull exhibited during his entire administration a tinndity which encouraged 
the hostility of both the whites and Indians, and that his general conduct was characterized by alternate 
fits of activity and vacillation. He did not lack physical courage so much as infirmaty of mental pur- 
pose. In the organization of the militia, he sought to enforce that nicety in clothing and equipment re- 
quired by the regular service. This led to insubordination on the one hand, and anger on the other. He 
also incuri-ed universal censure by enrolling a separate company of negro militia, composed entirely of 
fugitives from Panada, who were not native citizens, and could not tlien become naturalized. 

Detroit in 18U1J had an unusual proportion of educated and refined people. Untbrtunately the first 
school law passed in this year was never printed. As early as 1798, Father Gabriel Richard established 
schools, not only for training the children of his own people, but by favoi'ing all other proper schemes for 
general intelligence. He brought to Detroit the first printing press known in the territory, and during 
the year i)ublished the first paper, known as the "Michigan Essay, or Impartial Observer," the first 
number of which is dated Friday, August 31, 1809. He was early an officer and professor of the Uni- 
versity, and was i-espected and loved by Protestants as well as by Catholics. Among other educators at 
this period, appear the names of Rev. Dr. Bacon, Miss Elizabeth Williams and Miss Angilique Campau. 
The peaceful security felt by the inhabitants, at tliis time, was soon to be disturbed by niuttei'ings of dis- 
content among the Indian tribes. Fi-om all parts of the country reports came that Elliott, the agent at 
Maiden, was tampering with the Indians, foreboding some mysterious plan of mischief. The wonderful 
y)ower of organization, as shown by Pontiac long before, induced the effoi-t ou the part of English agents 
to attempt the unity of Indians, and tribes that had once been hostile were found seeking strength in 
brotherhood. The principal representative of this policy was Tecumseh, a chief of the Shawnees. No one 
knew better than himself that Michigan and the adjacent country was better adapted for his confeder- 
acy than any other on the continent. The blandishments of the Maiden agency had already convinced 
this sagacious chief that his scheuK* would have the approval of his Canadian friends. 

There was one notable exception, however, which somewhat interrujited his plans. The Governor 
General of Canada (Sir Jam(>s Craig) on learning the purposes of Tecumseh, warned our government of 
them. He did not want to turn the savages loose on the American settlements, and prohibited the Mai- 
den Agency from sui>piying arms to Indians. He therefore should be ae(]uitted of any c()m])licity with 
Tecumseh. But it is well known that Indian agents were active in fomenting these troubles, with confi- 
dence that the home government would ultimately reward and approve their acts. They were correct, as 
subsequent events show that Great Britain (h'emed it not a sin to try experiments on the Uidted States. 

Tecumseh failed to get control of the Wyandottes, Senecas, Dela wares, and even the Shawnees re- 
mained friendly to the United States. The defeat of the Indians at Tii)i)ecanoe by General Harrison in 
the Autumn of 1811, secured peace in that n^gion until Hull's delays enabled the British to become aggres- 
sive, and to use the Indians efficiently. 

Tecumseh r(>})aired to Maiden after his defeat, and his attachment to the British could lu) longei- be 
concealed. The Michigan settlements, meauwlnie, made but little headway, owing to the discord existing 





UANIEL SCUTTEN. 



M. \V. OBKIEN. 




VIEW ON GRISWOLD STREET. 



ILLUSTRATED DETROIT 

27 

in the administration of tlio local aflairs of the territory. In the fall of 1811, Governor Hull left for 
Washington before hearing of tlu> l)attle of Tii)pecanoe, and hi.s civil administration practically ceased for 
the time. During Governor Hull's official service, no counties had been laid out. The districts were only 
divisions, and district judges acted as local admiuistrators ; the only roads were those running up and 
down the Detroit llivei-. Tiiere was no access to the interior, except by streams and Indian trails. The 
circulating medium, at this time, was Spanish silver coin. The absence of small change wns supplied Ijy 
cutting the dollar into halves, quarters and eighths. Accounts were kept in York currency of two and 
one-half dollars to the pound, or twelve and one-half cents to the shilling. The revenue was mostly from 
capitation taxes, viz. ; one dollar for every male sixteen years of age and over. There was a specific tax- 
ation also on horses, dogs and other animals; also on vehicles, and license fees on various occupations. 

The war of 1812 ended this sorrowful period of no particular progress. June 18, 1812, war was 
declared. Hull did not receive the news till -Inly 2, while it was known at Maiden June 30. AVhile Genera,! 
Hull was in Washington, in the winter of 1811 and '12, he must have learned that war was imminent 
between the two countries. He knew that Congress had adopted legislation, which it would not have done 
except anticipating such a contingency; that it arbitrarily required the I'resideut to add to the regular 
army 25,000 men, and authorized him to call for 50,000 volunteers, and that the large force, of w liich he 
liimsolf was tendered the command, was ordered to prepare for active service; and yet, with a full knowl- 
edge of these facts, all his subsequent acts were dilatory, contradictory and without positive I'csults 
favorable to the administration and its aggressive policy. It appears from the evidence produced on his 
trial, he had from time to time expressed the opinion "That a Briti.sh war wcndd be avoided ; that there 
was no danger of an invasion of Canada, as contemi)lated, and for which ju'eparation was Ijeing nnule by 
our government, and that if attempted, it would fail." Entertaining such views, after all the prelimi- 
naries referred to had been made, and of which he was cognizant, leads us to account for that indiscretion 
and vacillation exhibited in his subsequent conduct, which ended in his disgraceful surrender of Detroit. It is 
unnecessary to go further into the details connected with the war, as they are familiar to all readers of 
I.ossing's General History, and Judge Campbell's Political History of Michigan. We therefore proceed 
with the history of 



Detroit Durino; British Possession. 



On the day of its surrender. General Brock, the Enghsh commander, issued a proclamation declaring 
that Detroit and Michigan had been cededto his Britannic Majesty without any conditions, other than tlie 
protection of private property, announcing, "that the laws in force would continue duiing the pleasure of 
the Kiug;" "that all its inhabitants would be protected iu their religion ;" "that all public property and 
all arms, public or private, must be dehvered up." General Proctor was left in command. AVhile Brock 
and most of his officers were not personally disliked by the people. Proctor left in Detroit a reputation for 
brutality, tyranny and treachery not excelled by his savage allies; neither was he reverenced or held in 
good repute by the Canadians. On the 21st of August he issued a proclamation providing for a civil 
government, ]jermitting the courts and civil officers to cojitinue their functions, prohibiting, however, the 
adoption of tlie laws from the American States. He required that United States duties and taxes should 
be paid to the Military Treasurer for general expenses, and the local i'(>venues for local expenses. He 
assumed the office of Civil Governor, and appointed Judge Woodward as Secretary. In violation of the 
articles of capitulation, private ])roperty was seized and held for the pui-poses of extortion. That such was 
the fact is .shown by the letter of General Brock, directing him "to return to the individuals the amount 
which each may have paid as salvage, on any account." Immediately after his taking command, the 
pillage of propert3r by the Indians began. Even on the day of the surrender, the house of Secretary 
Atwater was robbed of a large amount of personal property, also a (pmntity of silver plate, belonging to 
Capt. Whitmore Knaggs;the house of the latter (located on what is now the Hubbard farm) was 
])luudered of its contents, his barns burned, and his stock killed or driven away. It is said, and subseipient 
facts confirm, that this act by the Indians was instigated by Proctor, and based on grounds of jjersonal 
animosity to Captain Knaggs (at that time a i)rison(>r), who had great influence with the Indian tribes, 
and had often thwarted Proctor's schemes. Knaggs had turned over to the use of the government, by 
order of Gen. Hull, his buildings, to b(» used as barracks for U. S. troops. Th(\y had been used as such prior 
to the surrender. The dwelling, however, had still been occupied by his wife and children, when the British, 
landing below, compelled Inem (o .seek refuge with Father Richard. The following incident is narrated by 








F. A. SellL LIE. 



Cj1:c). e. lawson. 




INTERIOR VIEW PEOPLE'S BANK. 



ILLUSTRATED DETROIT. 29 

the son of Captain Wliitmoro Knao'o-s, Colond James W., now residing in Detroit, wlio was a lad of eleven: 
He says, "My father coninuinded a company of rangers, and was stationed near our house the niglit the 
British began to cross from Sandwich ; we could see them by their lights, and so could General Hull, who 
sent down 500 men as far as our house at daylight, and just as my father, with his company, joined them, 
and was about to march down to meet the enemy, an order came ii'om Hull, calling them back to the fort 
and directing my father and his company to accompany them; my father, I remember, was very 
indignant, and em])loyed strong language in protesting against and denouncing the order. Telling my 
mother to conceal herself and children from the Indians, he moved off with his company. I remember 
beino- in Father Richard's yard soon after sunrise, when the head of lirock's column appeared, and heard 
him say to Father Richard, 'You need have no fear of being disturbed.' I also saw and heard old Mr. 
Uuelo raise his hands and exclaim, 'This means that Hull has sold us." " 

The savages committed other outrages in and about the settlements, uin-estrained by Proctor. The 
former friend.ship of the Indians for the French, in some degree protected the latter, but shortly after, 
insidious attempts were made to bring the French element over to Britisli allegiance, and tlie suggestion 
of Indhiu hostility was employed by Proctor to such an extent that Judge Woodward left the territory 
and laid the facts before the public. General Harrison (subsecjuently having been apprised of Proctor's 
acts) visited upon him a just rebuke. As after the battle of the Thames, Pioctor, on requesting ])rotection 
for the private property of Canadians, was ignored by General Harrison, who addressed his reply to 
General Vincent, to whom he gave an account of the outrages, which Prod or had perpetrated or con- 
sented to. Neither did General Vincent seek to palliate or excuse them. During British occupancy, most 
of the merchants re-opened their stores, and general business was resumed, under such restraints and 
disabilities as were impo.sed by Proctor. 

Following the surrender of Detroit, the whole Northwest was exposed to the ravages of Indian tribes, 
spurred on and encouraged by the British. The massacre at Monroe (River Raisin), at Sandusky and 
Chicago (then Fort Dearborn), and the destruction of settlements in Northern Ohio and Indiana, aroused 
the people of Kentucky and Ohio, and steps were at once taken to raise a volunteer force, which was 
lilaced under the command of General Harrison, who at once prepared for a campaign to recover Detroit 
and invade Canada. 

The sagacity of Harrison led him to keep the forces under his command ready to move either East or 
West as might be necessary. He had constructed and manned Fort Meigs. The whole line of settlements on 
Lake Erie was threatened. As the war was being waged by savages, he was not sure when or where the fii-st 
blow would be struck. Meanwhile, although Proctor had been repulsed at Fort Meigs, on the the :Jlst of July 
(181:3) he appeared before Fort Stephenson, accompanied by Tecumseh. with 2,000 Indians, but was again 
re]iulsed. His failure to capture this and Fort Meigs demoralized the Indians, and their confidence in 
i'roctor weakened. The defeat of Proctor in his attack on Forts Stephenson and ^Meigs induced him, with 
his Indian allies, to return to Maiden. The latter having in many instances taken their families into 
Canada, were dependent on the British stores for rescue from starvation ; while several of the Ohio and 
Michigan tribes who had been in syniapthy with the British, immediately after the fight at Fort Stephen- 
son asked permission of Gov. Meigs and General Harrison to take part in the coming campaign, and with 
them they brought 259 wari-ioi's. 

About the time the British wei'e coniiu'llcd to retire to Canada, Commodore Perry had fitted his fleet at 
Erie, and on the 31st of July 3,500 volunteers under Governor Shelby had concentrated at Newport, Ken- 
tucky, and soon after began tiieir march northward. At Urbana this foi-ce was organized into ehn-en 
regiments, of 300 men each, under commandei's ranking as colonels, who, upon uniting with Ilai-rison's 
army, were to consohdate but retain their rank. It is due these colonels that they permitted no technical 
military rule of precedence to govei'u their action, but on uniting with Harrison's little army, they sub- 
mitted to his dictation. August 5th P(>rry succeeded in getting liis vessels out of Erie harbor, and floated 
them into deep water. Pi-oceeding up the lake, he reached "Put-in-Bay" on the 15th, when h(> at once 
l)ut hini.self in communication with General Harrison. Through information furnislied by ^iajor Henry 
15. Brevoort, a citizen of Detroit, a nuin eciually at home on land or water, both Perry and llari-ison be- 
came familiar with the situation of I'roctor on the land, and Barclay on the water. Perry therefore deter- 
mined to give battle to Barclay, and Hari'isou, seemingly confident of the results, jji'oposed to u.se Perry's 
tleet to enable him to transi)()rt his troops for attack on Maiden, recover j)o,-i.se.ssion of Detroit, and de- 
stroy Proctor's army. Their ])lans and conceptions were realized. Perry attacked and captured l'.:i relay's 
fleet September 10, l.Sl:{. On the 27tli of the same month Harrison marclKnl into Malilen. On the 
28th he reached Sandwicii, and ordered Genei-al ^IcAilhur to cross the I'iver, attack and take |)os.session 
of Detroit. On the 29th Harrison issued his proclamation restoring civil autliority, and llie Stars and 
Stii])es were again floated over the cross of St. George. Meanwhile, Hairison ])iiisned, overtook and cap- 
tured Proctor's army at t-hatham on the Thames, October 5th. 



ILLUSTRATED DETROIT. 31 

At this battle the celebrated Indian chief, Tecumseh, was slain by Col. Richard M. Johnson, of Ken- 
tucky. On the Tth General Harrison, leaving- the army in conmiaiid of Governor Shelby, of Kentucky, 
returned to Detroit, and on the l-itli ajii^ointed General Lewis Cass Provisional Governor of Michi<>:an 
Territory. The victories on I^ake Erie and the Thames virtually ended the Indian troul)les in the terri- 
torv, and British influence ceased within its boundaries. General Cass was made permnneut Governor of 
the territory, find William Woodiiridj^e, Secretary. The judges appointed under the ordinance of 1787-89 
retained their office under its tenure. 



Detroit Under United States Laws for Michigan Territory. 



The war had scattered the ])opulation of Detroit, and it was not until peace was finrdly declared, that 
it and the surrounding country was relieved from the ravages of hostile Indians. While most of the tribes 
had made peace individual members were guilty of murders and outrages in the neighborhood of the city, 
and within its corporate limits. General Cass acted with much energy, and went out himself with the 
volunteer militia to chastise these marauders. The treaty of peace with Great Britain did not immediately 
quiet the bad feeling, for while the stijjulations provided for the restoration of all places captured, together 
with all pajjcrs public and ])rivate, and for fixing the boundary line in those waters which the position of 
islands made doubtful, and also pledged each government to place the Indians where they were prior to 
the war, they were disregarded by the British officers, who often pursued deserters into the United 
States, and even undertook to exercise jurisdiction over American citizens on Grosse Isle and in American 
waters. Their intrigues with the Indians were also kept up, both about Detroit and in other jjortions of 
the territory. Governor Cass at once issued a proclamation, enjoining the proper assertion and protection 
of American jurisdiction. This led to a sharp correspondence betw(>en Colonel Butler, commandant at 
Detroit, and the British commander (ColonelJames), and it was not until Governor Cass had laid the 
matters before the authorities at Washington, and had two Indians hung at Detroit for murder, that 
Ib-itish insolence and aggressiveness was checked, and Indian outrages, instigated by the former, fully 
sto])ped. 

The first necessity for promoting the growth of Detroit was more people and more farming settlements; 
these were delayed, as no survey of lands (except private claims) had been made ])rior to the war, hence no 
locations could be made of public lands. As soon as the war was over, Mr. Tifiin, the Surveyor General, 
sent agents to Jlichigan to select two million acres of lauds in Michigan, as bounty lands for soldiers. 
These agents reported the country to be an unbroken series of tamarack swamps, bogs and land barrens, 
with not more than one acre in a hundred, and probably not one in a thousand, fit for cultivation. These 
reports induced a tracsl-r of the bounty locations to Illinois and Missouri, instead of Michigan, and also 
when made public, furthei' postponed settlements. This prejudice to Michigan was subserpiently increased 
by the second report of the surveyors, claiming the country " worse and worse " as they proceeded. It is 
alleged that undue influence was employed with these agents and surveyors, or that they did not desire to 
run lines through the Indian country for fear of personal risk, and hence drew sketches of large tracts 
from their imagination, returning them as actual surveys. That Michigan was not unknown, is proven 
by the description given of the country years before, by ti-aders and others. Also by the ]mblished accouut 
given of it by Mr. Mellish, who describes the whole lower peninsula as accurately as it could be to-day. 

On the 21st of November, 1815, Governor Cass, assuming that the surveys would be made, began the 
county system by laying out that part of the territory in which the Indian title had been extinguished, 
into Wayne County, with its seat of justice at Detroit. 

In 1817, Detroit began to receive accessions to its population, but its l)usiness was somewhat confined 
to exchange of goods for furs and peltries, as the currency in vogue then was Ohio pa])er and private shin- 
l)lasters. In August of this year. Pr(>sident ^Fonroe visited Detroit. 

The prospei-t of growth in population induced the passage of an art for incorporating the University 
of Michigan. Rev. John Monteith and Rev. Gabriel Richard were appointed I0 th<^ various professorships. 
They estal)lished primary schools at Detroit, :Monroe and :\Iackiiiaw, and a. classical academy and college 
in Detroit. The Cliippewas, Ottawas and Pottawatomie Indians, in token of their desire to have their 
children educated, gave to St. Ann's Church and to the College at Detroit each, the undivided half of six 
sections of land; three being on th(^ Macon Reserve, near the River Raisin, and the remainder to be selected 
thereafter. There were also many other private gifts and subscriptions matle to establish the Detroit 



ILL I \S TRA TED DE TR OIT. 33 

schools and colleges. From this time there was no lack of good schools in Detroit. The first University 
building was of brick. twL>nty-tbiir by fifty, and was used for school purposes more than forty years. In 
1818 the business of Detroit continued to flourish, and in spite of the i-eport of the surveyors, the couutiy 
began to populate. The lakes were but little navigated and traveling by water was confined to occasional 
schooners of small capacity. The receipts for this kind of carriage of passengers from Buffalo to Detroit 
in 1817 amounted to .f 15,000, which for that period was considered good business. In 1818, the exports 
for fish and cider were f 60, 000. In the spring of 1818, the population had reached the number author- 
ized under the ordinance to form a representative government, baton being submitted to the popular 
vote, the proposition was de.'eated by a large majority. August 27, 1818, the first steamboat (Walk-in- 
the-Water) made its appearance in the straits with a large load of passeugers from Buffalo. The 
influx of actual settlers weekly by steamboat, increased from this time. The public lands being then 
in market, were pui-chased and settled rapidly. There were very few foreigners among these settlers, most 
of them being from New York and New England. 

In the spring of 1819, Congress provided for the election of a delegate to Congress by the jieople of 
Michigan. None but white male citizens 21 years of age, who had resided in the territory one year, and 
had paid a county or territorial tax, were entitled to vote at this election. 

AVilliam Woodbridge wa.s the first delegate chosen. In 1820 Solomon Sibley succeeded him; he served 
until 182^3, when the Reverend Gabriel Richard, rector of St. Aun's Chui-ch, was elected over General John 
R. Williams, his antagonist. It is seldom a gentleman of his profession has appeared in Congress. He 
was a faithful and efficient member. Through his efforts. Congress ]irovided for the construction of the 
State Roads, now known as Grand River, Chicago, Pontiac and Fort (jlrati(jt. 

The opening of these roads promoted the growth of both city and country, and from this time 
Oi'troit may date its substantial prosperity. On the 22nd of October, 1823, the corner stone was laid for 
a building intended for a Court House, on the present site of the High School building. 

Its location was strongly opposed at the time, by many being regarded as too far in the woods, and 
for many years stood alone in the wilderness, being reached only by a narrow walk of single timbers. It 
was used until 1847 as a Territorial and State Capitol. 

In 1824 a city charter was granted to Detroit l^y the Territorial Council, General John R. AVilliams 
being elected its first Mayor. In 1825, three steamers, the "Superior," "Henrj' Clay," and " Pioneer" 
were running between Detroit and Buffalo, and the same year Captain John Burtis ran a large horse boat 
for fer-riage between Detroit and Windsor, which excited as much curiosity as the first steamer. 

In 1826 seven steamers ran between Buffalo and Detroit, aud the exports of white fish, apples, and 
cider largely increased. 

In 1827 the fort was discontinued as a military post and relinquished to the city, aud the grounds 
laid out in lots. 

In 1830 the first railroad was chartered and the Pontiac & Detroit Railway Company 'was incor- 
porated. The project failed, the law being too crude and imperfect. In 1832, the Detroit & St. Joseph 
Railroad was chartered, which afterwards became the Michigan Central. This was the first railroad 
charter that was afterwards acted upon. 

In 1832 the cholera appeared ; many prominent citizens were its victims. All business was suspended, 
and a rigid quarantine intercepted ordinary travel. 

Recovering from the effects of this pestilence, Detroit began to make radical changes aud improve- 
ments in its streets, buildings aud business facilities, and adding to its population men of enterpri.se, 
wealth and intelligence. 

On tlie 26th day of March, 1836, the legislature passed an act extending the limits of the corporation. 
By it and previous acts the boundaries were defined as follows: Southerly by the national line in Detroit 
River; easterly by what is now St. Aubiii Ave.; northerly l)y the township liue of Greenfield, and west- 
erly to the line of Fourth Avenue. 

When Michigan Territory was finally admitted a,s a State (January 26th, 1837), the population of 
Detroit was 9,763, and the nundier of dwellings and stores, 1.300. TIkm'C were seven churches: two 
"Catholic," one " Episcopalian," one "Presbyterian," one " Methodi.st," one "Baptist," and one " Ger- 
man Lutheran." Its public buildings were the "State House" and "City Hall." Both were brick; the 
former was 60 feet by 90 feet, with a steeple and dome 140 f(>et high, aud the latter 50 by 100 feet. The 
])iaces of amusement were " D. C. McKiii.stry's Theater" on State Street; "Museum," corner of Jeflerson 
Avenue and Griswold Street, and the "Michigan Gardens" on Randoli)h Street. 

There were three markets: the "City," on the first floor of the City Hall; the "Berthlet," coi-nei- of 
Ivandol])]] and Woodbridge, and the " Wa.shington," comer of Earned and Wayne. 

Thirty steamboats navigated the lake, s(>veii1een of which were owned in Detroit. The banks were 
the "Farmers and Mechanics," "Bank of Michigiu," and "Michigan State Bank;" aggregate capital 




RESIDENCE OF GEORGE B. REMICK. 



r 











RESIDENCE OF EDWARD W. VOIGT. 



ILLUSTRATED DETROIT. 35 

stock of all, 12,000,000, with about 1500,000 paid-np. The water supply' was furnished by hydrauHc 
power, owned by private individuals. 

Tlie insurance companies represented were: "Kalamazoo Mutual," "Aetna" and "Protection," of 
Hartford, Conn.; "Albany" and "Firemans," of Albany, N. Y.; "New York City Life and Trust," and 
the "American Life and Trust," of Mai-ylaud, Md. 

The associations of the day were: the "Young Men's Temperance," "Brady Guards," "Detroit Read- 
ing Room and Circulating Library," "Young Men's Society," " Catholic Ladies' Association," "French 
Female Charity School," " Medical Society," "Ladies' Free School." 

Its charitable institutions were: the "Wayne County Hospital," and "Detroit Orphan Asylum," the 
"Mechanics," Detroit's Benevolent and the " Algie." The latter was instituted in March, 1832, for the 
purpose of encouraging missionary efforts among the Northwestern tribes and promoting education, 
agriculture, industry, peace and temperance among them. Henry R. Schoolcraft, the historian, was its 
first president. Of the 150 vessels of all denominations employed on the lakes, eighty -four were owned 
iu Detroit. 

Five lines of stages furnished facihties for travel by land. The "Western" to Chicago, via Kalama- 
zoo and St. Joseph. The Eastern to Cleveland and Buffalo. The Northern to Flint and Saginaw. Its 
principal hotels were the "American," "Michigan Exchange," "National," located on the present site of 
the Russell House, and the "Steam Boat." The newspapers and periodicals published were, dailies : 
Detroit Free Press and Advertiser; semi-weekly, Detroit Evening Spectator ; weeklies, JournaJ and 
Courier; semi-monthly, Michigan Register; monthly, Tlie World. 

Having thus sketched Detroit from the discovery of its present locality (1610), its founding by Ca- 
dillac (1701), its change from French to English sovereignty (1700), its transfer to the United States 
(179G), its disgraceful surrender to British rule (1812), its recapture by the American army (Sept. 29, 
1813), its reorganization under United States territorial government, by General Cass (October 20, 1813), 
to the period when the territory of which it was the capital was merged into the State of which it is the 
metropolis (1837), we leave its subsequent progress, which has developed the beautiful and prosperous 
city of to-day, for other hands to detail and portray. 



Modern Detroit. 

r!Y CEOur;!'; p. (ioodale. 

Early in 1S3G, after more than a century of existence as one of civilization's primitive outposts, 
Detroit awoke to the realization of the fact that she was, and had for some time been, the metro]iolis of 
the great Northwest. At no other point between the eightj'-second parallel and the Pacific was there a 
single compact group of 3,500 people, such as had gathered around her shrine, and nowhere else was there 
a group, great or snmll, having higher hopes, fiercer energies, or more honest and patriotic purpose. For 
several years it had been her fair figure that had beckoned hither the people of the Empire State, so that 
in 1836 a continuous caravan stretched itself from the Hudson River across the great commonwealth to 
the Niagara, where, separating into two grand divisions, it formed an unbroken border around Lake Erie 
and concentrated at the City of the Straits. 

It was this triumphal ijrocession, concealing from view the primitive commonplaces and conservatisms 
of the past, that inaugurated the new era for Jlicliigan's metropolis of the Northwest. It was the never 
ending an-ival and distribution of this throng that discovered to Detroit the utility of her four gi'cat gifts 
from the General Govei-nment — her highways, blazed through the forests, and leading to the Saginaw 
country, to the Grand River valley, to the oak openings of Kalamazoo and her sister counties, and to the 
swam])y wilds of the ^laumee. 

In I'eturn, Detroit offered to the traveling pioneers the hospitalities of a well organized government, 
and, for the times, supei'ior accommodations and ficilities. There were two or three superior warehouses ; 
the wharves, crude and inexpensive, were yet sufficiiMit; there were several hundred feet of paved roadway 
along Atwater street, from Woodward avenu(> to Randolph street; there were detached stretches of 
sidewalk, a fine sewer extended diagonally fi'on the north-east corner (Beaubien and Fort streets) to the 
south-west corner (the river and Fii-st street) of the city; there were scliools, churches and newspapers, 
while tlie Young lien's Society, the militia companies, and the fire com[)any comprised the social features 
of th(> ])lace. 




Ni.. I, JA.MKS H. LYNCH. No. 2, THOMAS E. LYN'CII. 

No. 3, INTERIOR VIEW OF SALESROOM. 



ILL us TRA TED DE TR HIT. y. 

Detroit, in 1830, was a marvol to those sturdy niiiided pioneers from the East. Fresh from the 
farms and academies amoug the hills and valleys of New Eujilaud, accustomed to thedeliberate proprieties 
(jf New York, New Jersey, Delaware and Pennsylvania, thej^ wondered at the thrift, the energy and the 
intellig(>nce of the people who greeted them, and with this wonder came assurance of pi'osperity and 
happiness far beyond their expectations. 

In such surroundings, with sailing craft of every description coming and going, with stage coaches and 
trains of freight wagons trailing in and out, and with industry, thrift, hospitality- and fidelity as the chief 
factors in her affairs, Detroit (as was nearly every other city in the land) was confronted by the greatest 
financial storm that had swept over the countrj-. 

Then the stability of her people was demonstrated, and there was developed that solid steadfastness 
of purpose which has ever marked the onward march of the city. Detroit was protected and saved from 
annihilation by a wall of discretion, energy, and firmness. It was built of such men as Lewis Cass, 
Ramsay Crooks, Gov. Woodbridge, Father Gabi'iel Richard, the Campaus, the Morans, Judges Sibley and 
Witherall, the Desnoyers, AVni. Scott, John R. Williams, Jonathan Kearsley, E. P. Hastings, Oliver New- 
berry, DeGarmo Jones, James Abbott, Thomas Sheldon, Elon Fanisworth, John S. Bagg, John Riddle, 
Sheldon McKnight, Robert Stuart, John S. Barry, Hugh Brad}', Henry Cliipman, Douglass Houghton, 
Alex. Frazer, Charles Earned, Zina Pitcher, Charles C. Trowbridge, the Palmers, C!iaunc(\v Hurlbut, A. S. 
Williams, A. T. McReynolds, John Owen, Bela Hubbard, James F. Joy, Alanson Sheley, Horace Hallock, 
.v. C. McGraw, E. Y. Cicotte, and others of their granite kind. 

It was behind such a barrier that Detroit took shelter in the financial cataclysms of 1837 and 1857. It 
was the wisdom and energy of such men, their loyalty, patriotism and public spirit carried Detroit with 
credit through the patriot war of '30 and ten years later through the ^Mexican war. It was chief! 3- due to 
these men that the Michigan Central and Lake Shore & ilichigan Southern Railroads were carried to 
success, and later the third great trunk line, the D., G. H. & M. R. R. 

When came the greatest of all political convulsions, the American Civil War, Detroit was found in the 
front rank of the country's defenders. Of men and money she was a prompt and liberal contributor. 
During the war Detroit's offerings amounted to nearly 7,000 men, and more than .f 000,000; besides which, 
for the time being, her immediate local needs were put aside that the city might be devoted to the work 
of receiving, organizing and forwarding of troops enlisted in other Michigan cities. 

With the close of the war and the return of peace, began the second new era of the city. Its area was 
enlarged, and then was begun in earnest the work of municipal improvement. Then the project for a new 
cit}- hall was first discussed and put under way ; the old markets were replaced by new. Business blocks 
and factories went up on every hand. The street railway s^rgtem which was begun in 1803, was extended 
and improved. This, in brief, was the modern beginning of what is to-day one of the loveliest cities on the 
American continent, and in a commercial sense, one of the mo.st important. 

Having a continuous river front of more than seven miles, Detroit is easily chief of therports of the 
Great Lakes. From the river it extends inland six miles. The site is a plateau so pitched that at its 
northern boundary it is about seventy-five feet above the river level. In discussing the plan of Detroit it is 
the custom to accept the Campus Martins, a quarter of a mile from the river, as the center. The Campus, 
upon which stands the city hall, is nearly square, each side measuring about 000 feet. From this square 
radiate Woodward avenue. Fort street, Cadillac Square, Monroe avenue and Michigan avenue, leading 
thoroughfares, which are regularly intersected by streets at right angles. A quarter of a mile northward 
from the city hall is the Grand Circus, a semi circular park, which is bisected by Woodward avenue. From 
this park, which constitutes a sort of second business center of the cit^', radiate Adams avenue, Aladison 
avenue, Miami avenue, Washington avenue and Bagley avenue. Here fine thoroughfares are likewise 
intersected by lesser streets. Grand River and Gratiot avenues extend diagonally northwest and north- 
east, respectively, from points just above the city hall to the city limits, tiience through the market 
gardens and farms, the first named to Plymouth, Ijansing and Grand Rapids, and the other to Mt. 
Clemens and the St. Clair river counties. Michigan and Woodward avenues, in their extensions beyond the 
city, lead respectively to Ann Arbor, Jackson, Kalaniazcjo, and so on to Chicago and Pontiac, Flint and 
Saginaw Yalley. 

With her seven miles of river front, with ten lines of railway, and with a belt line around the city, it 
follows naturally that Detroit is surrounded by factories. Indeed, it is a city remarkable for its manufac- 
turing interests. It is the largest producer of stoves, of freight cars, of manufactured tobacco, of field 
and gai'den .seeds, of ])harmaceutical i)repa rations, of confectionery, of varnish and of electrical appliances 
in the United States, and it is next to the mo.st important drug market in America. 

To handle this business, Detroit has twenty -three banks, with an aggregate of |8, 000, 000 capital, and 
the business of the Detroit Clearing House for the current year (18!)!) will amount (the estimate being 
based on previt)us records) to more than three hundred millions of dollars. 




DIAMOND MATCH COMPANY 





Wig 




DIAMOND MATCH COMPANY 



ILLUSTRATED DETROIT. 39 

■ Detroit's 250,000 inhabitants worship in 150 churches; the 23,000 sittings in her fifty-five pubhc 
school buildings are not too many for her children, besides their many private educational institutions are 
filled with pupils. 

No city is better equipped for the physical and mental care of a large [)opulation than is Detroit. With 
a river nearly a mile wide, having a four mile current and an average depth of forty feet, the sewer system 
of the city cannot well be improved, and it consists of 120 miles of public or main sewers and IDO miles of 
lateral sewers. With such drainage, and with 1G5 miles of paved streets and 129 miles of paved alleys, the 
sanitary conditions of the city are practically perfect. 

The eio'hty miles of street I'ailway in Detroit traverse comparatively few of our broad and beautifully 
shaded streets, but it is sufficient to give ample service to every section. While Detroit, by reason of its 
lemarkable growth of foliage, is a park in general, there are fifteen distinct "breathing places," any 
one of which in the average city would be regarded as a valuable privilege. 

Chief among them is Belle Isle, an island of 730 acres in Detroit Uiver, and connected with the city by 
an iron bridge, which is maintained by the city free to the public. This park with its natual forest, its 
picturesque system of lakes and canals, its casino and wharf, its public bathing places, its flowers and 
landscape gardening, constitutes, already, the first natural park in any city in the world. Its cost at this 
writing is about f 500,000. Starting at Belle Isle Park and crossing the bridge, one debouches upon the 
eastern terminus of a grand boulevard 200 feet in width, which encircles three sides of the city, a distance 
of about 12 miles, and again touches the river on the west. Near the western end of the boulevard is 
Clark Tark, a beautiful tract of nearly 100 acres, which, although not yet extensively improved, will in time 
be a fit companion to its island sister. The assessed valuation of the various parks of the city are. Belle 
Isle Park, |800,000 ; Grand Circus Park (within 40 rods of the chief business center of the city),.f550,000; 
Cass Park, 195,000; Clark Park, flOO.OOO, and eleven other parks, bringing the aggregate valuation 
to 12,200,000. 

Detroit has unexceptionally good water works. They are located on the shore of Lake St. Clair at the 
southeastern limit of the city. They consist of buildings and parks surrounding them, of three large and 
powerful pumping engines, inlet pipes, receiving and settling basins, reservoirs and stand pipe, and of 
nearly 400 miles of mains and distributing pipe, the whole being valued at |3,500,000. In the purity of 
the water supplied and the excellence of its distribution, Detroit is second to no city. The 44,500 fam- 
ilies receive 175 gallons per capita per day, at a cost of less than |6.00 per year per family. 

Detroit has a free public library which in number and character of its volumes is third in importance 
among the city libraries of the United States. It also has an art museum, a fine building, which holds the 
Stearns collection of Chinese, Japanese, Corean, and other Eastern curios, which is confessedly the 
largest and finest display of the kind in America. This museum also contains Scripp's collection of old 
paintings, an admirable chionological record of the history of ]iainting. There are likewise a number of 
modern paintings and a well equi])ped school of design and painting. 

The police equipment of Detroit comprises 11 police stations (valued at f 150,000) and a force of 425 
men. The fire department consists of 300 men, the buildings and machinery being valued at fl, 000, 000. 

The assessed valuation of real estate and personal property in 1S90 aggregated |1G1, 828,570, the 
real estate being assessed at f 123,391,010. 

The rate of taxation for 1890 was 15.73 mills. 

At the end of the present year Detroit will have a debt of |1,311,500. Against that will be the 
sinking fund, which fi-om its establishment has taken care of Detroit's municipal obligations. 





IIEXRY A. NEWLAND. 



M. S. SMITH. 





HON. W. C. MAY^.L•R^• 



COL. ]. S. ROGERS. 



Review of the Leading Industries of Detroit. 



The liroad river which flows hy eight miles of busy wharves, is one of the pjreatcst hisjhways known to commerce. The 
tonnage passing through the Suez Canal is nuicli less than that which passes through tlic Government Canal and shallows at 
the mouth of the Ht. Clair River, twenty miles a)->ove Detroit; past the city itself, carrying the iron and copper from Lake 
Superior, the wheat and flour from Chicago and Minneai)olis, the lumber and salt from the Saginaw Valley, and tlie coal 
from Pennsylvania. Over 40,000 vessels pass by Detroit every year; while but 15,000 find their way into the harbor 
of New York. Over o, 000,000 passengers are carried on the Detroit ferries and other boats every year. 

The railroad facilities of Detroit are such as to favor her continued g■ro^vth as a manufacturing center. Situated on tlie 
trunk lines between New York and Chicago, the manufacturers of this city also have access to all jiarts of the State l)v means 
of the lines referred to in the article on railways, liy Plon. James F. Joy. 

In reviewing hastily some of the leading industries of Detroit, we may well begin with the largest one — the 
manufacture of cars. 

The Michigan Car Company is the head of a series of corporations, which go to make up the most gigantic network of 
commercial enterprises in INIichigau. Traversing the wilds of the Upper Peninsula of ^Michigan, carrying the wheat and 
flour from Duluth, on its way to the seaboard, carrying the copper of Keweenaw Point, and the injn from the (Jogeljic 
region, is the Duluth, South Shore & Atlantic Railroad. Hamtramck, in Detroit's suburb, is the Detroit Iron Furnace 
Comiiany, which manufactures the Lake Superior iron ore into charcoal pig-iron for car-wheel and malleable use. Part of 
the output is taken by the Baugh Steam Forge Company, which turns out one hundred car axles and sixty tons of bar iron 
each day. Another portion goes to Detroit Car Wheel Company, which produces nearly 425 car wheels daily. The 
Peninsular Car "Works were incorporated December, 1879, by Messrs. C. H. Buhl, R. A. Alger, James F. Joy, Frank J. 
Hecker, Hiram Walker, Frederick Buhl, and C. L. Freer. The present plant covers thirty-four acres of ground, on which 
suitable buildings for the construction of freight cars and the operations of foundries have been built. 

The capacity is now 9,000 cars in the shops, 85,000 car wheels and 18,000 tons of car castings in the foundries per 
annum. Their present consumption of material is at the rate of 27,000,000 feet of timber and lumber, 40,000 tons of 
pig-iron, and 18,000 tons of wrought-iron and forgings per annum. Their force-rolls during the year show between 1,300 
and 1,400 operatives employed. The Russel Wheel and Foundry Company, of which George H. Russel is president, 
manufiicture logging, mining, mill, cane and wood cars, car wheels, castings and machinery. Besides its business in wheels, 
the company turns out about 2,000 cars a year. 

The Griffin Car Wheel Company, organized in 1877, turns out about 300 car wheels a day, and also has a capacity for 
fifty tons of soft ca.stings. The works give employment t(j between 200 and .300 skilled men. Thomas I. Griffin, president. 

In the manufacture of stoves, Detroit leads all other cities in the United States. The three companies here employ over 
four thousand men, and the annual product of their laboi-s amounts to upwards of $3,000,000. The comi)anies have branch 
houses iu the leading cities of the United States, and agents in South America, Sweden, Denmark, Switzerland, Germany, 
France and England. Each company has its peculiar styles, each kind bearing an appropriate name. 

At the Micliigan Stove Works of which Jeremiah lawyer is ]>resident, lf),000 tons of ii-on are annually turned 
into 60,000 stoves and ranges, by 1,500 workmen. At the Detroit Stove Works, under the presidency of E. S. Barbour, 
a like number of men are engaged in making the various kinds of stoves and ranges. The Peninsular Stove Com|)any, 
organized in 1881, with William B. Moran as president, employs 750 men, and has an annual product of 25,000 stoves, 
ranges, furnaces and heaters. The total annual j)ro(luct of the three works is not less than §2,500,000. 

The manufacture of white lead and colors in Detroit is making rapid progress. The Acme works, of which W. L. 
Davis is president, began in 1884, and now em])loys 100 men. 

The Peninsular White Lead and Color Works, originally organized by tlie wholesale firm of Farrand, Williams it 
Company, are eorrodcrs of white lead and manufacturers of dry colors, vermilions, coach colors, tinted leads, ready mixed 
paints and carriage jiaints, and the quality of their goods adapts them to the most .-severe use in winter. 

The Detroit White Lead Works, of which Ford I). C. Hinchman is [jresident, besides manufacturing a full line of 
paints and varnishes, makes several specialties which have met decided wants. 

One of the most notable instances of western enterprise, is the birth and growth of the great varnish house of Berry 
Brothers. The firm is composed of Joseph 11. and Thomas Berrv ; and their estaljlishnient is located at the foot of Licb 
.street, on the Detroit River. They now have eight flourishing branches, located at New York, Philadel])liia, Boston, 
Baltimore, Cliicago, St. Louis, and San Francisco. The running capacity of the factory is 15,000 gallons of varnish and 
Japan daily, or about 4,500,000 gallons per annum. The firm mamifaetures all grades of varnish, from the finest railway 
and carriage varnishes to the cheapest grade of goods, asphaltum, dryers, baking Japans, shellacs, etc., in connection witli 
their " lianl oil finish," which thev invented and jilaced on the market fifteen years ago. 




DETROIT CASKET COMPANY. 



ILLUSTRATED DETROIT. 43 

No (itlicr peed house in the Ignited States does so larije a l)usiness as that of D. M. Ferry {z Company. Their new 
buildings, whicli occupy half a l)lock in the heart of the city of Detroit, are the head(piarters of a trade that employs ninety 
travelei-s to sell the product from the hundreds of acres of seed farms, on ^vhich the company grow the finest seeds that the 
most expert seedsmen can raise. During the busy season 1,500 people are emplo3-cd in and about Detroit, while special 
growers all over the country are employed to devote their best energies to the iwiTice of the firm. The success of tliis 
business has been simply enormous. The manner in which the seeds are packed in boxes, assoi-ted for various conditions of 
soil and climate, has led to an extension of the business into foreign fields. 

The Detroit 8afe Company enjoys a high rejintation, not only at home, but also in South America, Mexico, England, 
C'hina, and Japan. It has branch houses in Boston, 8t. Louis, Louisville, St. Paul, Atlanta, and San Francisco; and its 
annual product of .S,000 safes, besides bank vaults, fire proof cells and other kinds of jail work, employs about 400 men. 

The tobacco manufactories of Detroit have a product of 84,000,000 annually, and the cigar output is another 82,000,000. 

Daniel Scotten & Company manufacture plug, fine-cut and smoking tobaccos. The business was established in 18.56, 
and from the beginning Mr. Scotten has been at the head of it. The output of this house is 7,000,000 potuids a year. 

The house of John J. Bagley & Co. sends its goods to China, Japan and ^Vustralia. The president of the corporation is 
J. T. l\Iason. 

The Globe Tobacco Company, which is the outcome of a business started in 1871, is referred to more in detail elsewhere. 

The American Eagle Tobacco Company emjiloys 800 people to make the fine-cut, the smoking tobacco and other brands 
of the house. M. S. Smith is now president. This Company and its business is also detailed elsewhere. 

The Banner Tobacco Company nuinufactures fine-cut, smoking tobaccos and cigars, and employs upwards of 150 j>ersons 
on their many l)rands. The [)resideut of the company, ]\I. B. Mills, is also the treasurer of the IMiehigan Stove Compar.y. 

All the Detroit tobacco fiictories are first class ; they are strong financially ; they use the very best of stock, and thsy 
all have pusli and energy, and have been successful in the face of strong competition. They have made Detroit the 
second largest city in America for the production of fine-cut. 

The house of Parke, Davis & Company, manufacturing chemists and importers and dealers in crude vegetable drugs, 
witli laboratories and general offices at Detroit, and a large branch house at New York City, does a business enormov.s in 
amount and international in character. In the laboratories of the company, 640 highly skilled employes are engaged in the 
manufacture of standard medicinal iiroducts, fine pharmaceutical preparations, pressed herbs, and other like commodities. 
No other firm in the United States imjiorts so many and deals so largely in crude drugs. The comjxmyhas regular agencies 
in Ljndon, Berlin, Geneva, Para, Caracas, the City of JMexico, Havana, Auckland, Sidney and Honolulu. The regular 
publications of the house are The Therapeutio Gazette, The Medical Age, The American Lancet, The Medical Index smA The 
DriiggiM's Bu/iefin. The firm employs also 150 persons in the manufacture of empty capsules. For the South American 
trade the company has the services of a native Spaniard. 

The firm of Charles Wright & Company employs 250 persons in the preparation of a large and comprehensive line of 
family remedies, which are advertised and sold in all parts of the world. There is a branch house at Windsor, Ontario. 
The head of the firm is Charles Wright, who, while yet a young man, has ])ushed the products of his firm into both the Ea.st 
and West Indies, South America, South Africa and Australia, besides covering the United States and the Territories. This 
house publishes the Americmi J'haniiacisf. 

In 1876, Frederick Stearns, then the head of the house of Frederick Stearns & Company, manufacturing chemists — a 
position which he has lately yieldeil to his son, Frederick K. Stearns — began putting up a complete line of remedies, with the 
formulas printed on the labels, to take the place of the secret or patent medicines which were having so great a sale and often 
such dire results on the users. You may now find tlie Stearns medicines in South America, in Corea, in Palestine, in Asia 
Miu(jr, in Liberia, and in the East and West Indies, while in this coiuitry they are knfiwn throughout the laud. The}' 
import the crude drugs direct, and they keep tra\'eling men in remote lands. There are branch houses in Windsor, Ontario, 
in San Francisco, and in New York. The house pidilishes The New Idea. 

H. P. Baldwin 2nd & Comi)auy employ from fifty to seventy-five persons in the manufacture of boots, and W. S. 
Robinson & Company give employment to about 400 bands in the manufacture of fine shoes for men, women and (hildron. 
A. C. ^[cGraw are also large manufacturers of lioots and shoes, and have now the most comi)lete factory in tlie ^^'cst. 
Detroit's shoe industry is gauged by sales amounting to over $2,500,000 a year. 

The Detroit Dry Dock Company builds the splendid passenger and the powerful freight steamers that navigate tlu? lakes. 
The company take a contract, for example, to build and equip a 2,500 ton composite propeller I'eady for sea. The business 
of tlie company amounts to upwards of $1,500,000 a year. The president is Hon. James Meilillan ; the consulting and 
constructing engineer is Frank E. Kirby, and the secretary and treasurer is Alexander McVittie. As many as 800 men are 
at times employed in the three yards operated by the company. 

In wire and iron works Detroit has long been pre-eminent, and the National, the Michigini, the E. T. Barnum Company 
have a large trade throughout the l'nite(l States and are pushing into iNIexico. They manufacture iron fences, office and jail 
furniture, and all kinds nf arcliilrrtiii'al wdik. 

Detroit makes one-sixth (if tlie pins used in the United States, the National Pin Company, of this city, being one of the 
fourteen factories for the manuliicture of this small l)ut useful commodity. Three million pins a daj' is the output. The 





W. J. CHITTENDEN. 



L. A. McCREARV. 





C. I-I. PRESTON. 



CHARLES B. HULL. 



ILLUSTRATED DETROIT. 



45 



machinery used is larijly nri-^'inal. Fifty men arc eiiiplnyeil, anil tAvo tliousand jiounds of wire is daily made up into pins flir 
use in hanks, offices and for the toilet. Dexter M. Ferry is the president. 

The two large trunk factories of Martin, Maier & Co., and William Brown, manufacture all kinds of trunks, satchels 
and sample cases, their combined products reaching S275,000. 

The Detroit Radiator Company, (jf which George II. Russell is president, employs 125 men, and ])roduces 750,000 
square feet of radiators every year. The Michigan Radiator and Iron Manufacturing Company, John B. Dyar, 
president, employs -350 men to make 2,500,000 square feet of radiators. 

Among other leading articles of Detroit manufacture are crackers, 11,000,000 ; clothing, $2,500,000 ; soap, $350,000 ; 
candy, $1,000,000; matches, $400,t)00 ; beer, $1,775,000 ; malt, $1,000,000; brick, $375,000 ; billiard tables, $25,000 ; 
agricultural implements, $400,000; pa])er stock (Detroit Sulphate Fiber Company), $800,000; barrels (Anchor 
Manufacturing Company), $500,000 ; burial caskets, $500,000 ; passenger cars (Pullman Car Company), $800,000. 



The Charity and Philanthropy of Detroit. 

BY BKADFOED SMITH. 

Detroit by taxation, in which all who are possessed of taxable property share in raising a fnnd of $40,000 which is 
controlled by the Board of Poor Commissioners, and about .$60,000 which is under the control of the Wayne County 
Board, all of which is for the benefit of the poor, insane and helpless citizens of Detroit. The money is expended in a 
most wise and philanthropic manner ; the first object of the poor commissioners is to care for the destitute in their own 
homes, furnishing them a temporary a.ssistance ; if more help is needed, the county house furnishes a home for such as lung 
as it is wise to keej) them there. Outside of this philanthropic work, Detroit has l)etween thirty and forty private institutions 
where the worthy poor receive proper attention and care. First in this list comes the homes, so called, varying according 
to the age and condition of those who need help, and first in ordei' is the Home of the Friendless, on Warren avenue, 
near Woodward; 2nd, the Home for the Aged, corner of Scott and Orleans streets; 3rd, the Thompson Home for Old 
Ladies, Cass and Hancock avenues ; 4th, the Home of the Good Shepherd, 792 West Fort street ; 5th, the Young Woman's 
Home, Clifll)rd street and Adams avenue, is a home for working women under thirty years of age of good conduct and char- 
acter; Gth, the Home of Providence, corner of Antoinc and Elizalieth streets; 7th, the Woman's Hospital and Foundlings' 
Home, on Thirteenth street, near Grand River avenue; 8th, the Home for Boys, 172 West High street; 9th, the Seamen's 
Home, formerly Sailor's Bethel, corner of Griswold and Atwater streets. All of these homes have one grand object, really 
named in the first, called the Home of the Friendless. There are at least 1,000 of our best, generous and philauthroi}ic 
citizens who have charge of these institutions. Next are the Asylums. 1st, the Protestant Asylum, 988 Jefferson avenue ; 2nd, 
St. Vincent's Asylum, on McDougall avenue, near Jefferson ; ord, the Polish Orphan Asylum, on St, Aubin avenue, corner 
of Canfield ; 4th, the Zoar Orphan A.sylum and Home for Old People is located at 250 Harvey avenue, but a short distance 
from Fort Wayne. All of these asylums care fitr the fatherless and those who ai-e without homes, in the truest sense of the 
word. There are also the Hospitals. 1st, the Harper Hospital, located on John R. street, head of Martin Place; 2nd, Grace 
Hospital, Willis avenue and John R. street ; 3r(l, iMarine Hospital, Jefferson and Mt. Elliott avenues ; 4th, St. Mary's Hospital, 
Antoine and Gratiot; 5th, St. Luke's Hospital, Fort street, corner of McKinistry avenue; 6th, Woman's Hospital and 
Foundling's Home, on Thirteenth street, near Grand River avenue; 7th, Children's Free Hosi)ital Association; 8th, 
Emergency Hospital, Porter street, near Michigan avenue. All of these assist the needy, dependent, infirm and sick, and 
care fijr the sick in a most wise and humane manner. If not al)le to pay their way they are welcome to the hospitals. The 
Emergency Hospital cares for those who are in sudden <lisaster, until a [jrojier [)lace can be furnished for them, either in their 
own homes or in some other hospital. In connection with the first of these hosjjitals, there is tlie Farrand training school, 
named from its distinguished benefactor. Dr. D. (). P^arrand. In addition to these, there is the Bethel Hebrew Society, 
caring for the needy Israelites, and there is a (!ood Will Society looking after tlie ]ioor among the Poles nnd the Irish. 
Soldiers' Relief Society, looking after the indigent soldiers, their wives and children. The Women's Relief Cori)S comes in 
as a special benefaction to the poor of tlie G. A. R. The Open Door Society, of recent organization, is supplemental to the 
work of other organizations of like character, doing a work that few apjireciate, savinir those who are on the road to iiiin, 
esjiecially caring for young women who are in ti-oulile. Tlie In<lustrial School and the Day Nui-sery and Kindergarten are 
institutions that have for their object the care of young children during the day time while their inothei-s are out at work, 
thus keeping them from the street and ruin, both educational and conservative (jf the best interests of the children. There 
has recently been established in the city what is known as tlie " Helping Hand." It is too early to express an opinion on 
this institution, as the death of its lieiiefactor has left it in other hands. The Ungraded School is under the contml d' tlie 
'Board of Education, the same as any othei- ])ul)lic scjiool, but cares especially for tlie truants and irregular students, and 
such as have a tendency to leave school and break away from parental authority. The Home f()r Boys is rightly nameil, 




i:. \v. \()i(,|- i;i<i;\\ i;k\ 




INTERIOR VIEW THOMAS SWAN ii CO.'S RESTALRAXT. 



ILLUSTRATED DETROIT. 47 

not Newsboys' Home, but a home for boys, and iu my opinion the founders of this hojne have bcjrun a work which will 
continue until every ueeily boy in Detroit, whether newsboy, bootblack, or engaged in any other business, will have ;i home 
in many respects better than the home of thousands of children under the parental roof The Newsboys' Association has 
the same end in view as the friends of the Boy's Home, and the union of these two organizations would accomplish great 
good. AVhile I rejoice at the benevolence and philanthropy manifested in the various homes, hospitals, asylums, and utiier 
institutions iu which the citizens of Detroit are so earnestly engaged, it is with pleasure that I witness a marked change in 
the bo3'S who do business ujion the streets of Detroit. Within fifteen j-ears the class of boys formerly known as "Street 
Arabs" and " Wharf Kats" have come to bo recognized as honorable, trustworthy and self-supporting little business men, 
and in my opinion there has been no one thing that has contributed to bring about this desirable change in the character of 
these boys as the system known as the Ijadge system, which requires every boy selling ])aj)ers or blacking boots upon the 
public street to wear a badge, and thereby show himself responsible, accountable and endorsed as worthy of trust, having the 
Mayor's j)ermission to transact his bnsiness within the city limits. 

The Detroit Association of Charities, at 35 East Congress street, has been in existence only a few yeai's, but has 
accomjalished a noble work. The aim of the Association is to know wIkj are worthy and render assistance to such iu 
connection with the other charities of the city. In my judgment they are solving a difficult problem by the important 
work of caring for the beggar clement of Detroit. If heartily supported they will put an end to all street l)egging in the 
city, and every case of the needy will be promptly and humanely cared tor. 1 besj)eak for this Association the most hearty 
co-operation of the philanthropic and benevolent citizens of Detroit. Truly, Detroit may well be jjrcjud of her charitable 
institutions and of her benevolent and ])hilanthropic citizens who are exjjending yearly hundreds of thousands of dollars to 
build and j)repare Detroit to be the home of the happiest people in the world. It would be a pleasure to mention the 
benevolent who have gone to their reward and the philanthropic who are nobly filling their places and enlarging their wurk. 
It will be seen by a review of the charities of Detroit that the symjiathy and efibrt iu behalf of the destitute is mainly 
coniined to those who are in temporary need. In my judgment the condition which now demands so much time and money 
should be prevented by a more thorough care and a parental exercise of kindly authority over the children who are in 
miserable homes without proj)er education. Detroit has aright to know, for its own ]irotection and for its future good, how 
every boy who appears upon the public streets, is spending his time: among those like himself in idleness and dissipation, 
frequenting saloons and places of doubtful reputation. There should lie a board authorized by the city of Detroit having 
official power t) take charge of this kind of work, and thus prevent much poverty antl crime. 

" An ounce cf prevention is worth a pound of care." 



Railways. 

BY JAMES F. JOY. 

The Territorial Legislature of ^Michigan as early as 1S.".S passed an act to incorporate the Detroit & 8t. Joseph Rail- 
road Company. The object of tho conijjany was to build a railroad from Detroit to .St. Joseph, on Lake Jlichigan. This 
was the first mention in the legislation of the State of any railroad to Detroit. There was at that time but little railinad 
constructed in the whole country. The Boston & Lowell and the Boston & Worcester, were all in New England. 
Albany to Scheuectady and a conunencement of the road from Schenectady west only, were about all the railroads in the 
United States north of Mason and Dixon's line. What a difference between now and then! 

The Detroit & St. Joseph Railroad Comjiany was connnenccd and under great difficulties was in progress and some work 
done between Detroit & Yjjsilanti, iu I80G, when the State determined to undertake to build that rcjad through to St. Joseph, 
to be called the Central road, and also one from ]\Iouroe, and one from the foot of Lake Huron also to Lake Michigan. 
The terminus of the Central Road was fixed on the Campus ^lartius, where the City Hall now stands. It came into the city 
along ]\Iicliigau avenue, then called the Chicago road. At one time it was extended from the Campus JMartius along down 
through Woodward avenue to the border of the Detroit River, and that jiart of it was constructed by Thomas Palmer (father 
of the Hon. Thomas W. Palmer) under a contract with the railroad commissioners re]iresenting the State. It was a singular 
movement anil illustrates how little the business to come was undei-stood. To build a railroad through the middle of the 
street and on to the river at the foot of a hill, with no station or station grounds upon which to do bu.siness, and with no ])lau to 
ac(|uire any, and with no possibility of doin;; so for such an ajiproach, would hardly commend itself to the judgment of a 
railway man of the jjreseut day. It is needless to say that that jiart of the railroad was never used for any i)ur]ioso and was 
soon taken nji. 

In ]\Iarch, 1S37, the Icgislatun; passed an act under which it undertook the construction of the throe railmads above 
mentioned across the State and authorized a State loau on the bonds of the State for S5,000,00U, to enable it to build them. 





ill llflfiiluii M 



iii 



ffr ill 313 



111 



-'iJii-'J 



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3T» 

mi 



I 






BUSINESS UNIVERSITY. 
Owned by Mrs. Ellen Hammond. 



ILLUSTRATED DETROIT. ^c, 

Both the amount of money which was thought adequate for the conistruction of about (iOO miles of railroad, and the history of 
the ni'irotiation of the l)onds, proves how little the cost of railroads was then understood and how unfit the then authorities were 
to niaiiajie such negotiations. The parties with whom the business was transacted failed, and as the sale was on the credit 
of the Htate it never received but a portion of the money, and was involved in many difiicultics, both embarrassing its own work, 
detrimental to its credit, and causing it to be treated as a repudiating State, because it refused to pay bonds upon which it 
had never received the money agreeil to be paid for them. 

The State, however, had undertaken the work of internal improvement. But it soon became baukrujjt. It did not build 
a mile of the northern road. It built but a few miles of the Michigan Southern from INIonroe (now Lake Shore <t Michigan 
Southern). In the course of about eight years it did l)uild the Central to Kalamazoo. It was built with strap rail, so called, 
about a half an iiiili thick, laid upon wood stringers, which in turn were laid on cross beams or ties sunk or buried in the 
ground. To accomplish even this the whole means and credit of the State were exhausted. It used its credit abroad where 
it had any. It then resorted to forced loans in the form of bills or notes of the state similar to bank notes, in which it paid 
for materials and labor till even they could not be used. In 1846 it had become so utterly without credit that it was 
com|)elled to negotiate the sale of all its public woi-ks, and among them the Central Road from Detroit to Kalamazoo. 
What a diH'erence again between the condition of affairs then and the credit and ability of the very prosperous and great State 
of Michigan of tlie present day! 

The Michigan Central charter, projiosing a sale to a corporation to be formed to take and complete the road as provided 
and a'.i'reed in the cluirter, was passed in 1846. The (■oni[)any was to finisli it through to tlu^ lake at New BuH'alo instead 
of St. Joseph within tliree vears, to relay the already built road as well as tlie new with sixty pound iron rail, to change its 
eastern terminus from the Campus jMartius and the entrance by the Chicago Eoad (as it was then called), over a new line to 
the river, where it should aecjuire ade(iuate yards fin- its business. 

The company whii-li took the road was a strong one. It complied with its charter, and witliin the three years the road 
was built to New BuHido and a harbor constructed there and the through business liy wati'r and rail between Chicago and 
New York and New England connnenced over the road. It was the first consideralile road built in the "West. The business 
then begun has been every year increasing iu magnitude, though there are five or more roads from Chicago east, all 
competing for the through business. In three years more it was extended to Chicago, and the first great raili-oad from the 
East entered that city, then containing aliout 8,000 to 10,000 inhabitants, hardly as large as Detroit at the same time. 

The sale of the Central Road to the corporati(m and the resulting construction of the road gave great impulse t:j the 
progress of both the city and State. The Southern ^vas sold and also constru(;ted thn.iugh to Chicago. 

The Detroit tt Pontiac Railroad was chartered in 1834 to build a road lietwccn Detroit and Pontiac. It wiis 
undertaken with inadequate means, and it was many years even before it reached Pontiac. It originally came into the city 
on the north side of the Campus Martins, where the Detroit Opera House now stands. In ISoO it was authorized to extend 
to tlie river, and also to extend through Pontiac and connect with the Oakland and Ottawa Road, which when built was to 
extend to Lake Mit'liigan. This plan was carried through and the two roads consolidated constitute the j'resent Detroit, 
(hand Haven & Milwaukee Railroad. , 

A charter had been passed by the Legislature for the construction of a railroad from Detroit to Toledo at tlie session of 
isll), to be called the Detroit & JMonroe Railroad, and some efforts were made to build it, but all failed, and tiic cliarter by 
its limitations expired. In 1855 the first general railroad law was enacted and under it the Detroit, Monroe it 'i'olcdo Railronil 
Company was organized in 1855, and the road constructed by the I>ake Shore it IMichigan Southern stockholders in tlie 
interest of that company, which now is in control of the Lake Shore & JMichigan Southern Railroad Company. 

It is a valuable piece of the projierty of that prosperous company. Now came on a panic and but little was done in 
the way of building railroads for several years. 

In 1871 the Detroit & Lansing Railroad was organized under the general law and was built through to I>ansing. 
It was afterwards, iu 1.S76, consolidated with the Ionia & Lansing and now constitutes the Detroit, Lansing it Northern 
Railroad. It is an important and valuable road to both city and county. 

In 1871 the Detroit & Bay City was organized, and quickly built tiirough to both Saginaw and Bay City, and now 
constitutes a portion of the line from Detroit to Macinac. These two roads were built largely by those interested in tlie 
Michigan Central Company. 

About the time of the construction of these two roads, or perhaps earlii'r, the Canada Southern and Chicago it Canada 
Southern had been undertaken by cajiitalists living in New York, with the purpose of erecting a shorter line between Chicago 
and Bnflido, as well as one of the easiest grades to cross the Detroit River at Grosse Isle. The enterprise iirovid a failure 
and the company became banknqit. 

The whole plan fill through. The Chicago it Canada Southern being jiartly built from Trenton west, was extriicjcd 
from Trentim to Detroit, and sabsequeiitly from Trenton to Toledo, and became the property of the Michigan Central 
Company. 

The Canadian Southern, also in Cana<la, having been insolvent for some years, was aci|uirr(l l^v the Michigan ( 'ciitral 
and extended from Essex Center in Canada to Detroit, and now constitutes a part of the tiirough line of the Jlichigan 
Central from Chicago to Buffiilo, all the business crossing the river at Detroit. 



ILLUSTRATED DETROIT. 51 

Next to tlie Michigan C'enti'al the iiKist impi)rtanl road for Detroit for many years was the Great Western of Canada, 
extending from Windsor, opposite Detroit, to Niagara Falls. 

The Michigan Central had been conijjleted to Chicago, and had liecn in operation several years hefoi-c tlic fireat Western 
was undertaken. There was no road through Canada. 

The travel anil business was across Lake Erie on magnificent steamers, constituting the Michigan Central line between 
Detroit and Bufihlo. A splendid line of lioats, and constituting a most plea.sant as well as magnificent niode and route fiir 
lioth pleasure and business. 

The (jreat Western Railroad Company owed its origin to the Michigan Central Comi)any. The men at the heail of the 
latter company were its promoters. They enlisted with them the New York Central Company, and started into life the 
intei-est of Canada all along the line of the proposed road, and at Detroit. By the united strength of all, the required life 
was given to the enterprise, and the road was built, though with immense difficulty and efiijrt. It was the first road built in 
Canada. It was injured by the alliance of the Michigan C'entral with the Canada Southern, and finally fill into the control 
of the (Jrand Trunk, of which system it is now a part, and is known only as Gi'and Trunk. 

The Detroit and Port Huron branch of the Grand Trunk road was built entirely by this company in about IfS.^."), and 
was for many years its main line fi)r all through business connecting with the Michigan Central Koad at West Detroit, and 
for many years all the large business of the Cirand Trunk to and from the West \vas done by that road. It is now reduced to 
a mere local road l\y the extension of the Grand Trunk connections to Chicago. 

The Detroit, Butler & Ht. Louis Railroad, extending from Detroit to Butler in Iniliana, was undertaken in l.sso by 
public spirited citizens of Detroit to connect the Wabash Railroad with the city of Detroit. 

It was undertaken after all means had fiiiled to bring that great system to Detroit. Negotiations hail been had to use 
one of the lines between Detroit and Toledo, and obtain the connection that way, but it was found im|iiissible to aecomjjlish 
it, and no other way remained but to build a new road. As above stated, it was undertaken by citizens of Detroit, and 
finally the road was comi)leted in 1<S.S1. At Butler it connected with the Wabash, making a very straight line by that road 
to St. Louis, and opened the Southwest, Indiana, Illinois and Mis.souri to the business of Detroit, and brings largely the 
j)roduetions of those fertile States to and through Detroit. 

The last of the railroads connecting with Detroit has been the Canadian Pacific. It is another road from Detroit to 
all the eastern centers of the Dominion of Canada, and all the Eastern States of the United States. It is destined to become 
one of the great through routes of the country', connecting as it does at Detroit with both Chicago and St. Louis railroads, 
and by them reaching the whole west and northwest of this country. 

The condition of several of the roads connecting with Detroit has made necessary many dejiots and stations for their 
acconnnodation. To acci)m|)lish their establishment and construction, several of the citizens of Deti'oit have united together 
and established at first the Detroit Union Railroad Depot & Station Company, and constructed it with a connecting railinad 
through the western section of the city to the Wabash and other railroads there, and have also brought about the establishment 
of the Fort Street Union Depot Company, principally as a passenger station. This brings the roads nearer to the center of 
the city and furnishes as convenient a passenger station as is perhaps possible. These depot and station establishments are as 
iniiioi'tant, perhaps, to promote the convenience of the public, as any public iinjirovenient which has been undertaken at 
Detroit, save the sale of the Central Railroad to the company now owning it. 

In looking back over the jirogress of many years of the State and city in prosperity, the transfer of the Centi'al Road 
to the present company must be considered the most ettective in its influence upon the prosperity of the whole State 
as well as of the city. It was a strong company. The influence of the com])any upon property wiis immediate and has 
been constant. Its strength has been felt in the construction of many other railroads, lateral and otherwise, extending largely 
over the State, and always tending to biing the benefit of all its connections to the city. While contributing greatly and 
immensely to the interests of the whole State, it has equally been the largest factor in the progress and ])rosperity of the city 
of Detroit. Each new enterprise has done much, and all of them in the aggregate have contributed to carry fiirward the 
State fnnn its bankrupt condition to its present state of j)ros])erity and wealth, and build up the present large and jii-osperims 
Detroit. While, therefiire, all have been valuable, the Michigan Central has been always easily the most important factor 
in the State's prosperity. 

Banks and Banking. 

iiV TIIIOO. II. IIINCHMAN. 

Banking in Michigan has had a varied and jieculiar history. No State has encountered greatei' vicissil:udes; at one time 
an over alnindance of liuancial associations and of bills issued, at othei-s an almost total dearth of lianking liieilities. 

In early banking, Detroit was financially the State, and furnished all resouices. Later, every well settled county or 
town had its bank. From 1804 to 1840 there were eighty-six banks, two oi' which were well systematized, and doing a 
sale, legitimate business. The ex(;eptions were when skilled and proficient otUccrs were brought from successful and well 
conducted eastern banks. 





GEORCiE V. N. LOTIIROI'. 



DON M. DICKINSON. 





E. W. PENDLETON. 



J), li. 1)L FFIELD. 



ILLUSTRATED DETROIT. 53 

Tlie first; attcmiit was by Pxistm) [larties, who ()l)tainefl a chartfi- fin- tlie Bank of Bptrnit in 1806, of wliieh a frw sliares 
were subscribeil liy eitizeiis, and tni shares for tlie Territory of Michigan, $2,011 per share to be paid in. There w;m no 
business tlien fir a bank. Its soli' elllirt was to issue bills, which were bronn'ht from the East, signed, sent back for sale, and 
never redeemed, with trifling exceptions. The general government i)ut an end to this bank within two years from its 
organization. 

The next bank was legitimate, and was thonght to be required. In 1817 the Bank of ^riehiL^an was chartc nd bv tlie 
Legislative Council with S1(),0()0 capital, increased in 1824 to S20,()()0. it w:is then pui-chase<l by Edmund Dwightand 
other eastern capitalists, and its cajiital was made $60,000; by lis;]4 its capital stock had reached S.J-ld.OOd, and by 1836, 
$.")00,000. This bank was al)ly numaged, but could not withstand the panic connnencing in 1X37, lasting to 1.S42, when its 
failurc occurred, and its assets, including real estate, since valuable, was turned over to creditors. 

The Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank was chartered in 1830 with $100,000 capital, which was increased to $400,000 in 
1834. It had a large and lucrative business until 1837, but suspended in 1839. The ^lichigan State Bank <'onuiiencc(l 
business in 1X3;"); also suspended in 1839. Its charter was kept alive, and in 184.') a strong combination of business men 
reorganized it, and continued a successful business until the expiration of its charter in 1X,5.'J. 

For tlie interim', the following banks were chartered, viz. : Bank of Monroe, 1.S27; Bank of River Raisin, 1832; Bank of 
Circcn Bay, 1<S35; Bank of Pontiac, 1835; Erie and Kalamazoo Railroad Bank, 183.5. The first Legislature of the State 
in 1836, granted charters to the Bank of Manchester; Bank of Macomb C'ounty; Bank of Calhoun County; Bank of Clint. ai 
County; Bank of Ypsilanti; Bank of Tecuinseh; Bank of Constantine, and Bank of St. ('lair. Nominal capital of all 
Michigan banks then was $7,000,t)00— probably not $1,000,000 paid in. 

The most remarkable and stable bank in the State's history was the Insurance Bank, starting in 1838, with $12,500 
capital. This was the only early bank that never faili'd, and for several yeai's was tlie only safe, reliable bank in the State. 
It commenced with an insurance charter, but in 1X49 obtained a charter with full banking privileges. The cajiital was 
increased by earnings to $200,000. In 18()0 it was reorganized under the State law, and in 1 S65 again reorganized into the 
National Insurance Bank. Its Eastern connections and arrangements were such as permitted an unlimited business (ai a 
moderate ca])ital. In 1869 it was merged into the First National Bank. The legislature of Michigan in 1837 is memor- 
able tor the passage of a general banking law; having been forced to it by a popular clamor for more banks. In less than 
eighteen months, 40 banks were organizi^d and accepted, and 31 were in various stages of organization, all but four of wiiich 
were issuing liills for circulation. The nominal capital of the 71 lianks was about $5,()00,t)00, df which not $300,000 was 
paiil in. Banks were commencecl (jii dver-estimated mortgages, bogus coin certificates, and coin or its substitute that went 
from one bank to anotlier. Frauds and evasiims were the rule. Only one of these banks was located in Detroit, but the 
])ills of all centered there. Tliey were paid out .so freely for property of all kinds, needed or not wanted, that there was 
ditlicultv in disposing of them. Merchants an<l others were obliged to travel over the State to lind banks in secluded places, 
with an ettbrt to exchange bills, generally unsuccessfully. By the close of 1X39, only four of these a.ssoeiations and four 
chartered banks remained doing business — these all failed or susj)ended in 1X41, excepting only one. A few chartered banks 
ke]it their charters alive anil transacted business later — the State Bank, and I''arniers' and Mechanics' Bank succes.sfully. 
From 1X,'J7 to 1X57 only two banks were chartered, viz. : the Detntit Savings Institnti — now Detroit Savings Bank, an<l the 
IVninsular Bank. During that 20 years the city and State had little aid from banks. All had to rely largely on their own 
resources. Economy was the rule, and merchants were generally successful. .\n excess of banking had Ijeen more detri- 
mental than a searcitv. Too much <loubtful money is more dangerous to the average trader than too little. The business 
of Detroit and its growth made considi'rable progress without adequate banking facilities. In tlie alisenee of banks, there 
was a number of private banks or bi-okers in successful business in the city and State, of whom W. A. Rutler, A. \\va and 
Edward Kanter yet continue at l)anking in Detroit. 

A second general banking law passed the legislature in 1857-^. Banks organized very slowly under that law — only 
four in four years. The first was the State Bank of Michigan, also tlie City Bank, Detnjit : the Michigan Insurance Bank 
reori^anized in 1860, and tlii' Merchants' and Manufacturers' Bank commenced in 1X()9. In 1871, the law was amended 
csjiecially with reference to Savings Banks, which were rajjidly organized — in 1871, 13; 1872, 9. By 1XX6 the total 
organization under the new laws of 1X5X, and '71, was eighty-four, of wliieh fifty-six remained doing business, including 
twenty State banks in the intertoi-, with S1,1.')0,000 capital, and thirty-six savings banks, with an aggregate capital of 
82,910,720 ; all but two seeking saving and commercial business. Of the above number, the following were at Detroit, viz. : 

Date of C-vtital in 1886. 

People's Savin-s Bank Jan'y 2, 1871 $.500 000 

Detroit's Savintrs Bank Inly 13,1X71 200 000 

Crrman American P.ank lulV 1, 1871 100 000 

Wavne Countv Savin-s P.ank Sei)t. IX, 1X71 150 000 

Mechanics' Bank Oct. (5, 1X71 100 000 

IMichiuan Savin-s Bank Feb'v 19, 1X77 150 000 

Dime Savinu-s Bank \|)ril 5, 1XX4 (!0 000 

Citizens' Savinirs Bank ^March 2, 1XX5 X3 ;]00 

Preston Bank. Iiine 1, 1 XX5 100 000 

State Savings P.ank Oct. 24, 1883 150 000 

$1 .593 300 





No. I, RESIDENCE OF MRS. ELLEN,,HAMMOND. No. 2, PHILHARMONIC HALL. 



ILLUSTRATED DETROIT. 55 

The Natinnal Banking Law was passed by Congress in Februaiy, 1863, and was promjitly approved. Banks were 
rapidly organized in Michigan. Forty-two were commenced in two and one-fourth years after the law to(jk cflect, and 10<S 
were in operation by the close of 188(i, of which there was organized in Detroit: the First National Bank, Oct. 5, DSfi.') ; 
Second National Bank, Oct. 7, 1803 ; National Lisurance Bank, July 13, 1865 ; American National Bank, Aug. 2!), 1X65 ; 
Detroit National Bank, Feb. 1, 1883. First National Bank re-organized June It), 1882; Connnercial Natinnal Bank, 
Nov. 21, 1881 ; Jlerchants' and Manufacturers' National Bank, July 14, 1877 ; American Exchange National P>ank, June 
26, 1865 ; Union National Bank, K\m\ 13, 1886 ; Third National Bank, June 1, 1886. All with $3,250,000 capital in 18«6. 
The banking law of 1857-8, was far from being satisfactory. It was vague as to liabilities and penalties ; was encumbered 
with provisions that became useless and obsolete after 1863, and was very deficient in provision for State official su])ervisi(in. 
The amendments of 1871 made it acceptable for the organization of savings banks. Then attemjjts were made at several 
sessions of the Legislature to amend or revise the law without result. A bill introduced in 1885 was not passed. There had 
been an unaccountable distrust of and opposition to new banking laws. A bill was again introduced in 1887, by Hon. (!. 
J. Monroe, a practical banker, who sought council from the most able and experienced bankers in the State. This bill was 
a general banking law, establishing a department of supervision, in charge of a commissioner. It was passed, ajiproved .June 
21, 1887, and amended slightly in 1889. This law permits State banks to transact commercial and savings banking 
separately, or combined in departments. It is a new departure in requiring four reports in each year ; in ])roviding for 
examinations ; by permission to reduce, increase, or make good impaired cajntal ; by requiring reserves to be kept, and by 
being required to charge off past due paper, at the expiration of six months after due ; also by making distinct the individual 
liability of shareholders. These are all requirements of the National Banking Law that have been tried, and are 
indispensable to good banking. The banks of Detroit have been liberal, yet wisely governed. No failure excei)ting a small 
State bank of 850,000 ca|)ital has occurred since 1857, and very few have discontinued. The Michigan law is better adapted 
to the needs of the iicojile of the State than the National law, being without some of its objectionable and expensive features. 
Several National Banks in the inteiior have reorganized into State banks, by which they escape loss from the requirements to 
l)urchase bonds ; can transact a commercial and savings business, and have power to loan on mortgage security. A few 
large National Banks are requisite in each city, and in States where State laws are not precise and stringent. They are 
depositories of reserves of other banks, and their standing with National Banks of other States is superior. Tiiey can also 
issue liills for circulation (not now considered advantageous.) A small or moderate sized bank in this State under the State 
law, relying upon home business, is better adajitcd to the wants of citizens. Originally savings instituti(3ns were benevolent 
in character, and were for the purpose of inducing working people to save. They had no capital stock paid in, and their 
largo board of trustees were chosen from those with character, wealth, and reputation. The earnings belonged to depositors, 
and Idsses fell upon them also. Later, savings banks with capital were chartered in some States, by which surplus earnings 
arc divided to shareholders. 

In Michigan, savings banks may transact any and all business pertaining to banking. This liberal provision makes 
such l^anks po|iular with capitalists and depositors, and a large number of organizations have been perfected under the law, 
and others will no doubt be commenced as needed. While supervision is faithfully exacted, comjietency secured, no excess of 
banks arc organized and no irregularities or evasions are permitted. This form of banking cannot fail to he advantageous 
and safe. Several savings banks arc very strong, and have unlimited resources. Much ability has been developed in their 
management. They are the leading and controlling financial element in Detroit. In one respect there has been a decided 
change since the origination of savings banks — working people are no longer ignorant (jf their benefits, and do iKit recjuire 
inducements to deposit their spare earnings. The general tendency is to save, and the results are of lasting lienctit in thrift, 
economy and temperance to a majority. 

The banking law of 1887 took effect and force January 7, 1889. T. ('. Sherwood, president of the I'lyniniith Natinnal 
Bank, was appointed Commissioner of the Banking Department, with an office at tlie capital in Lansing, and has supervision 
of all banks incorporated under the banking law. 

January 1, 1889, there were eighty banks doing business under the laws of this State. Thirteen banks and one loan 
and trust comjiany were added in 1S89. Fifteen additional were authorized in 1.S90. Total of State banks, Id.S; capit;;!, 
SS,4(10,.S35. Total deposits about 843,080,506.00. Of this number, fifteen State savings banks are in Detroit, and witii 
cai)ital stock paid in, $3,100,000 ; and surplus, 81,290,000; deposits, $25,675,032. 

Tiirough the courtesy of Hon. T. C. Slicrwood, Connnissioner of the State Banking Department, and Hon. E. S. Laccv, 
Conqitrollcr of the Currency, we present herewith an abstract of rei>orts of the State and National Banks in the city of 
Detroit, at the close of business, May 4, 1891. 

RESOURCES. Fifteen State B.\nks. Ei(;ht Natioxat, Banks. 

Loans and Discounts $12,«61 ,255.58 $15,43S,.S92.63 

Stocks, Bonds and :\rortgages 13,612,440.21 977,054.20 

Overdrafts \ 20,822.69 17,116.15 

Due from Banks in R cities 3,357,723.31 1,943,665.90 

1 )uc fn AW other Banks and Bankers 12.S, 1 1 .S.63 1 ,09(;,9 1 S. 1 !t 

Banking House Furniture and Fixtures 232,300,94 1 1 7,(l7(i.2(i 

Forward 839,212,661.36 819,590,723.33 








THE LATE FRANCIS PALMS. 



KRANCLS V. I'ALMS. 





GEORGE IL HOPKINS. 



SAMUEL A. PLL'MMER. 



ILLUSTRATED DETROIT. 57 

Brought Fonmrd., $30,212,fifil.36 $19,500,723.33 

Other real estate 188,40().37 185,639.29 

Current Expenses and Taxes paid 90,018.95 39,955.36 

Interest paid 17,760.15 

Casb and Exchange for Custom House 1,438,460.09 2,680,718.99 

Due from U. S. Trea.ni rer 24,886. 31 

Premium uu U. S. Bonds 145,500.00 

$31,947,306.92 $28,667,423.28 

LIABILITIES. 

Capital Stock paid in $ 3,106,500.00 $4,400,000.00 

Surphis and Undivided Profits 1,472,434.46 1,209,938.63 

Dividends unpaid 462.00 

Due to Bankers and Brokers 1 ,333,804.80 5,697>28o!21 

Deposits 26,034,567.66 10,221,897.34 

U. S. Deposits 460-538.25 

National Bank Notes outstanding 333,090.00 

Notes and Bills re-discounted 244,21 6.85 

Bills payable 100,000.00 

$31,947,306.92 $22,667,423.28 

Clearings for 1890 of eight National Banks, ten savings banks and two private banks, are as follows : (Banks not 
mentioned clear through. National Banks). 

First National Bank $ 34,308,1 10 

Detroit National Bank 34,538,400 

American Exchango National Bank 32,1 76,684 

Merchants' and iSIanufaeturers' National Bank ' 23,308,349 

Commercial National Bank 36,048,076 

Meclianics' Bank 12,924,516 

German American Bank 7,360,821 

Union National Bank 4,315,241 

Detroit Savings Bank 10,517,027 

Peoples' Savings Bank 13,464,415 

Preston National Bank 30,899,018 

A. Ives & Sons 7,968,313 

.L L. Harper & Co 2,812,150 

Third National Bank 11,500,816 

Peninsular Savings Bank 14,01(i,()20 

American Banking and Savings Association 6,331,997 

City Savings Bank 3,794,113 

.State Savings Baidv 6,31 3,175 

Dime Savings Bank 2,633,413 

Citizens' Savings Bank 5,427,326 

Total $300,658,010 



Historical Sketch of the Board of Trade. 

BY GEORGE M. LANE, SECEET.VRY. 

The Board of Trade of the City of Detroit was first organized .luly 15, 1856, and was incorporated in 1863 under a 
general Act of the Ix'gislature apjjroved ^larch 19 of that year. In its early history thci-e is little Wdrthv of sjjccial notice. 
Its mend)ership was not large, and the daily .sessions were much like those of a connnercial clid), wIutc members interested in 
trade met to exchange views, jiass a social hour, and incidentally to transact whatever business thev might have in hand. 

In 18(J3, for the j)urpose of enlarging the scope and influence of the association, it was incor|)orated, its aims and objects 
being declared to be, "To promote just and e<iuitable princii)lcs in trade; to correct any abuses which may exist, and 
generally to advance the interests of trade and connnerce and to promote the convenience and security of the meml)ers of the 
association." The Board in its early days was fortunate in possessing the tluiughtful and careful management of wise and 
experienced men. They were representatives of Detroit's best citizens. Notalily ;niiong tlicni may be naint'd Jlr. ,Jose])li 
Asjiinall, who by his interest and zeal in the organization of the Board, may almost be considered the father of the association. 
Associated with him in this work may bo named several of its early presidentvS, viz.: Henry P. Bridge, Duncan Stewart, 
Wm. H. Craig, Alexander I^cwis, and othere. By such men time and thought were devotetl, and the organization was well 
begun. It is a fact worthy of notice in this ccmnection, that so ccpiitable and well defined weri' the provisions eml)odied in its 
constitution and regulations, and so judiciously ha\'y these principles been administered by its officers since then, that while 





1 


II 

i 






GEORGE X. M COLLIER RESIDEN'CE A\D INTERIOR \'Ii:\\S. 



ILLUSTRATED DETROIT. i,g 

transactions have aggregated and have invulvcd many millions of dollars annually, no appeal to the courts has ever been 
made in matters of diHbrence between members. The awards and findings in cases of arl)itration have never been tested by 
any such action. This is a record that few, if any other, commercial organizations can show. 

While the Board from the first took a lively interest in all questions affecting trade and commerce, and such matters 
were frequently discussed formally and informally, the first act of commanding influence accomplished by the association 
was in 1865, when it originated and carried to success the great Commercial Convention held in Detroit, in July of that year. 
Of that convention, men of almost national reputation were members, and questions of importance and far-reaching influence 
were considered. Delegates were present from nearly fifty boards of trade or connnercial organizations of cities extending 
from Halifax, N. S., to St. Paul, Minn., and St. Louis, ISIo. Its enrolled members included Hon. Hannibal Hamlin, of 
Maine, afterwards Vice-President of the United States, Messrs. Samuel Dale, S. H. Blake and John Appleton, of the same 
State; J. L. V. Pruyn, Lyman Tremaine, Israel P. Hatch, Hiram Walbridge, J. S. T. Stranahan, and many others, from 
New York ; Joseph Pope and Hamilton A. Hill, from Boston ; also large delegations of representative men from Halifax, 
Quebec, Montreal, Hamilton, London, Chicago, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Philadelphia, St. Louis, Milwaukee, and other cities. 
The Detroit Board of Trade was represented by such well known citizens as Messrs. James F. Joy, Joseph Aspinall, H. P. 
Bridge, Geo. W. Bissell, Alex. Lewis, Franklin jNIoore, C'. H. Buhl, E. B. Ward, and othere. 

Questions pertaining to commerce, finances, transportation between the East and the West, river and harbor improve- 
ments, reciprocal trade between the United States and the British Provinces, etc., etc., were considered at great length. Verv 
able papers and addresses were presented upon all these questions, and the results of these deliberations, extending through 
four days, were long and widely felt in legislation and in business circles. Since that year, the records of the Board show that 
it has always manifested an energetic and a lively interest in all questions of public and of local importance, especially in 
those affecting the growth of Detroit and the trade and manufactures of the city and State. A notable instance of this is apparent 
in the active measures taken to insure the construction of the Wabash Railway to this city, and the making of Detroit one of 
the two eastern terminal points of this great transportation line from the Southwest. In aid of this work, the association 
contriluited $13,000 from its treasury, while members individually subscriljed liberally to make up the $200,000 raised for 
the enterprise. The Board, through its members, was also chiefly instrumental in the securing of the whole amount of the 
sum named. It also manifested an active interest in the construction of the Detroit, Lansing & Northern Eailroad ; the 
Detroit & Bay City Railroad ; the Canada Southern Railroad ; the Detroit, Hillsdale & Indiana Railroad ; the Mackinaw & 
Marquette Railroad, and more recently, the Canadian Pacific line to this city, and the construction of the great Union Depot, 
upon the corner of Fort and Third streets ; also in all questions bearing upon the construction or improvement of waterways 
leading from the lakes to tide \vater; the improvement of imjiortant harbors upon the great lakes ; the enlargement and 
deepening of channels for vessels of increased tonnage, and in all instrumentalities that would facilitate the movement of grain and 
produce inwards and outwards, cheapen transportation, or that would enlarge the commercial or financial interests of Detroit. 

The position and natural advantages of Detroit are such that there is scarcely a limit to the possible development of its 
trade and manufactures. The products of the farm, the f(;rest, and the mine, have heretofore sought our city as a natural 
outlet, or as one desirable as a market. It has ahvays been the aim of the Board to stimulate such interests and to overcome 
barriei-s that might exist or be placed by selfish agencies to divert trade belonging to the merchants of Detroit into other 
channels. Of late years, the Association has been and is yet engaged in active efforts to overcome discrmiinations in 
freights against lake ports, and to reduce rates between inward points to a parity with those granted to thi-ough shijjpers; 
while as yet only partial success has attended these eftbrts, continued agitation and the persistent presentation of facts to the 
public have not been fruitless. Through a union of the commercial organizations of the country, the interests of shijipers 
are being guarded and maintained. If necessary. National and State legislative aid will be invoked, and by such agencies 
the connnercial importance of Detroit sought and, if possible, maintained. 

The Board has always existed purely for business purposes, and is chiefly in the general produce trade, but upon the 
floor of the association, grain is the chief staple handled. In prosperous years, when harvests were bountiful and the 
movements of the cereals w'ere unrestricted, grain reccij)ts at Detroit have reached 14,000,000 to 15,000,000 bushels 
annually. But for four years the wheat cro])s of Jlichigan have been much reduced, falling from 30,000,000 bushels and 
more to 23,000,000 bushels; while the southwestern crops have also for one or two years been light, or less than an average 
yield. Tlicsc factors have lieen very unfiivorable for the trade of the Board, and the aggregate business during those years 
has udt made favorable com])arisons. This decrciise lias been largely in the wheat trade, though the recoril of that for coar.se 
grains has shown some reduction. The latter condition is chiefly the result of the unfriendly attitude of one or two of our 
largest railways in the transportation rates established. 

A concise summary, showing the movement of the cereals for the j)ast five years, is as follows : 

RECEIPTS. 1890. 1880. 1888. 1887. 1886. 

Flour, barrels 162,012 148,558 214,024 104,900 166,610 

Wheat, bushels 4,767,085 5,022,140 7,398,873 7,772,139 9,455,021 

Corn, bushels 1,507,932 1,818,309 1,110,246 1,575,035 2,682,076 

Oats, bushels 2,035,808 2,316,131 2,160,.S40 1,413,706 1,893,206 

Barlev, bushels 1,625,998 968,282 745,078 1,258,136 958,117 

Rye, "bushels 170,270 70,729 85,111 6,726 12,952 

Total Grain ;iU,107,093 10,195,591 11,500,148 12,025,742 15,001,372 





OSCAR M SPRINGER. 



SAMUEL W. BURROUGHS. 





C. W. BRITT. 



ALEX. D. FOWLER. 



ILLUSTRATED DETROIl. 61 

SHIPMENTS. 
Flour, liaiTcls 71,574 44,9r.4 128,L",l.s 104,151 198,033 

Wheat, bushels :!,840,704 4,514,429 (i,58fi,339 8,053,782 8,131,4r)0 

Corn, bushels ],12S,o:!7 1,597,2(;3 757,520 1,0:!3,-I20 2,243,834 

Oats, bushels .' 010,751 653,330 1,007,430 4so,440 1,121,298 

Barlev, bushels 136,7(i(i 11,289 55,032 41,700 28,099 

Rye, bushels 129,0il3 59,273 68,951 404 576 

Total Grain 5,845,951 6,835,590 8,475,878 10,210,300 11,525,267 

At present, etibrts looking to the enlargeinoiit of the scope and influence of the Board ai'e chiefly along two lines, viz. : 
the union of all commercial organizations in the city into one strong association, with a largely increased membership, and 
the securing of a new liuikling, better adapted to the needs of the trade, for a commercial exchange, than the one at present 
occupied. It is hoped that in the near future both these objects will be attained. If accomplished, Detroit will possess a 
business men's organization which will be a credit to the city, and one which wiU add materially to the infl.uence and position 
of all commercial interests located in the beautiful City of the Straits. 

Detroit, August 1, 1891. 



The Detroit Bar Association. 

BY EmVAED W. PENDLETON. 

Fraternity is a distinguishing characteristic of the legal profession. No opposing sects or schools are known among 
attorneys. In office life they are gregarious, and in practice are constantly associated with one another. Although popularly 
supposed to be occupied with matters of strife, no vocation, in fact, ])ursues-its calling upoli so friendly terms. As evidence 
of the jiermanence of this fellowship, it is interesting to observe that the only surviving industrial guilds of the IMiddle Ages 
are the Inns of Court. These associations, under the ancient system of legal training in England, brought lawyere together in 
a family life, about a common hearthstone, around the same table ; and to this day, in Great Britain, these voluntary 
societies of barristers guard the entrance to the profession and prescribe the rules under which it is practiced, just as when 
Chaucer or Blackstone were students at Middle Temple; and bench and liar fi-equently gather for entertainment now in 
Middle Temple Hall, as in Shakespeare's own time they there pnjduced the first performance of" Twelfth Night." 

In France, from the reign of Louis XI\', the Order of Advocates has existed, exercising essentially the same functions 
as the Inns of Court, independent of politics and forms of government, and v.ithout interruption through Monarchy, Emj)ire, 
and Republic. 

Under our own government the predominant influence of the j^rofession in both National and State Legislation has made 
unnecessary any united action for the purpose of guarding its ancient rights and privileges. In recent years, however, largely 
within the last decade, numerous voluntary organizations by some common impidse, have sprung into existence throughout 
the country. Two are national — the .\merican Bar Association, formed at Saratoga in 1878, and the National Bar Associ- 
ation, organized at Washington in 1888. The former is individual in its member.shi]), the latter representative, composed of 
delegates from State and local societies. Each is intended to supplement and strengthen the other, and each chose the same 
party for its first president. 

In addition to these there are twenty-eight State and Territorial organizations, and 144 county and city af=sociations. 
Some of these have been formed solely for the support of law libraries, but much the larger number for substantially the 
common objects of the maintenance of the honor and dignity of the profession, its increased usefulness in the due administration 
of justice, and the promotion of social intercourse among its members. 

"An act to authorize the formation of Incorporations of Associations of members of the Bar" was adopted by the 
Legislature of JMichigan, and approved April 25, 1891. On the fourth day of May fijllowing articles of agreement were 
sulwcribed incorporating the "Association of the Bar of the City of Detroit " (the name being subsequently changed to 
" The Detroit Bar Association.") This Association has not contemplated any enthusia.stic crusade or startling reformation, 
nor has it indulged the conceit that it would s;)lve the modern problems of jurisprudence. But it has been animated by an 
earnest purpose to conserve the high standard of integrity and ability that in the past have characterized the Bar of Detroit. 
Our fathers-in-law have placed upon us this responsibility. The fiuscination of becoming a lawyer, and the unguarded 
portals to the profession, have crowded it.s ranks until it is necessary to protect itself against itself. Besides the privilege of 
being sued, an incorporated society has the advantage of concentrated action and, wluii wisely managed, of accumulated 
influence. 

Hon. Theodore Romeyn was chosen the first president, serving for four successive years, and until tliree months before 
his death. For half a century he had jiracticed at this bar; dignified but genial in manner, of great natural endowments; 
to his jirofessional learning he added renuirkable ac(]uirements in literature and science. The ])residcnt's chair luis been 
occupied from 1885 to 1889 by Hon. Chas. I. Walker, and since this date, by Hon. George V. N. Lothrop 




•i •- 



v niB?w?i-"^^.f w^;^ a^8aiga.-- '_'■ - 



THE KOPPITZ-MELCIIERS HREWIXG COMPANY. 



Military. 

BY GEN. R. A. ALGER. 

Detroit has been the center of military operations from a very early period, and the military spirit of all successive 
generations lias been dominant. This has been largely because of the exposed situation of the city, connnanding, as it does, 
the straits through wliii'h the entire waterways of the great fresh-water lake system and its immense commerce is readied. A 
point of danger and responsibility, Detroit ha.s always possessed the element to defend its rights, and since 1688, over two 
hundred years ago, when La Honton organized its first company, made up of about fifty trappers and Indian traders, who 
garrisoned the post, the place has always maintained more or less military organizations. LaHonton's trajipers and traders 
were called by the Yrench coureurs de bois and "bush lopcrs" by the English, and as early as 1699 Robert Livingston, of 
New York, in speaking of the importance of the post to English interests, said, "We can never roK eo«i(/er the French unless 
we have bush lojiers as well as they." When de la Motte Cadillac garrisoned the post with fifty regular soldiers in 1701, 
the company of trappers was disbanded and there was no independent military organization until two years later, in 170.'3, 
when Cadillac organized several companies of Indians and settlers. He drilled them thoroughly and the}' made good enough 
soldiers to successfully defc'iid the post against a concerted attack made upon it by the Iroquois, Illinois and Missouri Indians, 
instigated by the English, who were continually stirring uj) the savages against the French settlers. These outbreaks kejrt 
the settlers' militia ever on the alert, and in their border warfare the troojis, made up fif whites and friendly Indians, saw a 
great deal of service, and as late as 1754 they were to be found taking an active part in the border wars between the French 
and English, and under the command of Cajitain Bellcstre they distinguished themselves in repeated engagements. Bv the 
surrender of the city to the English, in 1760, the incentive to keep up a military organization by the French anrl their 
Indian allies cea.sed, and the companies gave place to the regular British troops in the garrison. During the Revolutionary 
War the French settlers quite naturally sympathized with the efforts of the colonists to free themselves from the hated British 
yoke. An effort was made to organize a company from the French element to fight the Americans, but it was unsuccessful. 

From the time when the British troops evacuated the fort until 1805 the only military organizations in the settlement 
were the United States troops there from time to time and several independent companies, formed by the territorial governors 
and called the " Michigan Rangers." In 1805, however, Colonel Elijah Brush raised and organized a regiment, and 
Captain ^\'liitmore Knaggs also formed a company of scouts, wdiicli he led in the frequent Indian troubles that were occurring. 
The recurrence of these Indian outbreaks resulted in the forming of a company of horsemen, the first cavalry in the 
Northwest Territory. It was commanded by Captain Richard Smythe. Hubert LaCroix, Stephen Mack and Antoine 
Dequindre subsequently formed three additional companies, which rendered most efficient service against the Indians. These 
various independent companies kept up their organizations until the war of 1812, when they were consolidated into the First 
Regiment of the Territorial l^Iilitia and placed in command of Colonel Brush. Four of the independent companies were 
formed int.) a troop, called the " Michigan Legion," and Judge James Witherell was given command, with 'the rank of 
Major, ^\'itll the surrender of Gen. Hull, in 1812, the officers were held as prisoners of war, but were soon afterward 
exchanged, while the privates were allowed to return to their homes on parole. Subsequently they re-entered the service of 
the Uniteil States and continued to battle valiantly for their country until the close of the war. 

There was but little occasion for the display of the military spirit until the breaking out of the Black Hawk Indian War, 
in 1832, when Colonel Edward Brooks recruited a regiment. A mounted company of dragoons, cimimanded by Captain 
Charles Jaclcs:)n, and the Detroit City Guards, under Captain Isaac S. Rowland, voluntarily tendered their services and 
accompanied the regiment as far west as Saline, where General Scott dispensed with all but the company of dragoons, which 
proceeded to Chicago under the command of General John R. Williams. 

In 1835 the Brady Guards were organized, followed in quick succession by the Light Guards, the Scott Guards and the 
Lyon Guards. The nucleus of these bodies responded to the call for volunteers when the Mexican war broke out, some of 
them uniting with the United States dragoons and others joining the First Michigan Volunteer Regiment, in command of the 
late Gen. A. S. Williams. 

What was done in 1861 to 1865 is of such recent date as to be familiar to all citizens. Wlien President Lincoln made 
his fii'st call for troo])s to suppress the rebellious States, Detroit made the enviable record of equipping the first regiment of 
volunteers to answer the call of its country. This rcgiincnt also had the ilistinction of being tlie first Western regiiiu'iit to 
cross the Long Bridge, over the Potomac to Virginia, under the command of Gen. O. B. Wilcox. The First IMichigan 
Cavalry the 5th, 9th, IGth, 17th, 22nd, and 24th Infantry regiments were largely made up of Detroit Volunteers, and 
besides the city furnished one Artillery Company, one coin[)any of Mechanics and Engineers, one company for the navy, and 
Wiis also largely represented in the 2nd, 5th, and 7th Cavalry regiments. 

The military companies of the present time belong to the 4th Regiment, IMichigan State Troops. Our gallant Detroit 
Light Guards, National Guards, Scott fiuards, Detroit Light Infantry, IMontgoniery Rifles, and the City Greys need no 
special mention. The independent comjianies that do not come within the control of the State militia organization arc 
known as the Detroit Catholic Cadets, Catholic Greys, and the Holy Redeemer Greys. 




1 


'MP 








-I^^K ' '.foK 








r ^^nfc 



ANDREW HOWELL 



GEORGE H. PRENTIS. 




^ 








1 


■•^ 1 



E. A. ERASER. 



IIENRV M. ClIEEVER. 



Michigan Military Academy, 



Orchard Lake, Mich. This Academy was not organized until 1877, but it is already recognized as one of the leading 
educational institutions in the country. It is intimately connected mth the military affairs of the State, and its influence 
and importance are everywhere felt. Its graduates are eligible to appointment as brevet second lieutenants in the State 
troops, and many have shown themselves efficient officers in this and (^thcr States. The course in military instruction is 
extensive, embracing infantry, artillery, cavalry, signaling, fencing, saber drill, gatling gun practice and mortar drill. For 
all these various branches the general government furnishes arms and equipments. The cavalry horses belong to the 
Academy. The drill exercise is sulistantially the same as at West Point. The Text-Books are the United States Army 
Infantry Tactics, Kennon's Duties of Guards aud Sentinels, Wheeler's Art and Science of War, Wheeler's Field Fortifications 
and Ives's jMilitary Law, with reference works and lectures. The work in this department is under a military professor, a 
graduate of West Point, detailed by the general government from the regular army. The cadets wear the West Point 
uniform, and the school government and discipline are modeled after that institution as far as practicable. The thorough- 
ness of the military iustrucilon aud discipline is evidenced by the taking of the first jn'ize in the National Drill at Washing- 
ton in 1887, and the distinction won at the Washington Centennial Celebration in New York City in 1889. The report of 
the Inspector General of the United States for 1801 places the school above all others of its kind, aud states that in many 
respects it compares favorably with West Point. 

The academy does not rest upon its military laurels alone, but takes pride in the rank it holds as a school of the highest 
gratle in secondary instruction. As preparatory to college it is the leading school in the West. All the usual preparatory 
courses are (jffered, leading to the college degrees, and in addition opj)ortuuity is given for advanced work in law, chemistry, 
electricity, mathematics, English, French and German, aud the faculty are considering the advisability of adding to all tlie 
courses the Freshman's year work, as given at Ann Arbor, thus taking students to the sophomore year of the State 
University. At present those pursuing the academy course are admitted without examinati(jn into any vmiversity in the 
United States, upon the completion of the Junior year. Graduates in all the other courses are admitted without examination 
to the University of Michigan, IMichigan Mining School, Lehigh University, Cornell University, and several other institu- 
tions of higlier instruction. In equipment the school is one of the best to be found. The buildings are all of brick, i-f 
massive construction, thoroughly in keeping with a military school and the use for which they are designed. The castle, 
the only structure remaining of those in use ten years ago, is now occupied by the superintendent as a residence. The cadets 
have their quarters in a largo three story building divided int(j six divisions, each entirely separate from the others. The 
dining hall is a beautiful building, complete in all details, with culinary department and store rooms. The Academy Hall 
was pronoiuiccd by a committee from the university to be the pleasantest, best lighted aud most nearly perfect recitation 
building they had ever seen. It contains a library and reading room, cliemical and physical laboratory, the offices of the 
superiuteudcnt, principal, and commandant, a reception room, an assembly hall, and eight large recitation rooms. The 
laboratory Is completely cquii^ped with the latest appliances and apparatus for instruction and for individual work and experi- 
ments. The several halls are supplied with the leading pericjdicals and uews[)apers. A riding hall rivaling that of West 
Point has just been constructed. A new three story building for quartermaster's department, postoffice, tailor shop, 
ct cetera, is well under way aud will be completed by September. The next building to go up m\\ be a commodious 
armory, drill hall and gyiuuasium. The academy is situated on the shore of Orchard Lake, in one of the most beautiful and 
healthful localities in Michigan. The grounds comprise one hundred and twenty acres, which are used for fruit aud vegeta- 
ble garden, for drill grounds and ])arks. The capital invested amounts to $250,000. The faculty consists of eleven 
instructors. They are graduates of the best institutions in the country, representing Harvard, Yale, Cornell University, 
University of jNIichigan and West Point, aud are experienced men in educational work. The academy ha.s been under the 
direction of its al)le superintendent. Col. J. Sumner Rogers since its foundation, and to his wise management the institution 
owes in a largo measure its remarkable success. The other members of the faculty are: William H. Butts, A. M., Princi- 
pal, Mathenuitics and Law; Thomas Bcrtrand Bronson, A. M., Modern Languages; Irvah L. Winter, A. B., History and 
Literature; First Lieut. Frederick T. Van Liew, 11th LT. S. Infantry, Military Science and Tactics; Erie H. Sargent, M. S., 
Sciences; Henry P. Loveland, A. B., Greek and Latin; Frank P. Oilman, B. L., Political Economy, Rhetoric aud Elocu- 
tion; Lieut. A. D. Niskern, 20th Infantry U. S. Army, Mathematics and Drawing; Walter C. Tousey, Tactics and Book- 
keeping; Walter C. Short, Arithmetic and Grammar. The military drill and discipline are made a hel]) to the academic 
instruction and to scholarship. They give force to the regulations and assist in the school work. Tlie cadets are from 
fourteen to twenty years of age. The enrollment of cadets is now nearly two hundred. Tliey come from twenty States and 
territories, about thirty-eight per cent. l)eing from Michigan. The charge for instruction, room, board, washing, mending, 
heating, lights and use of arms and equipments is $450 per annum. The members of the Board of Trustees are, lion. A. C. 
Baldwin, Pontiac; Hon. J. D. Korton, Pontiac; Gen. R. A. Alger, Detroit; Col. Sylvester Lamed, Detroit; Col. Henry I\I. 
Duffield, Detroit; Col. J. Sumner Rogers, Orchard Lake. 





HENRY A. NEWLAND & CO.'S STORE— Interior Views. 



The Legal History of Detroit. 



BY ALFRED RUSSELL. 



The coutrol of the administration of justice is intrusted to the legal profession at the bar and on the bench. From it, 
also, arc taken most of those engaged in making the laws in the Legislature, and many of those who exercise political office 
in the execution of the laws. Hence it is that the influence of the profession in establishing cities and States is widespread 
and fundamental. JNIoreover, its members, after receiving legal training, often step aside into the editorial chair, upon the 
platform, or into railway, manufacturing and other business projects requiring extensive knowledge of men and things. 

Detroit, as much as any other city, illustrates the eminence and usefulness of the membei-s of the profession in these 
various and conspicuous walks of life, and to their public spirit and enterprise in fostering all the interests of a new and 
growing community, undergoing rapid transformations, much of the prosperity of Detroit is to be attributed. It is also to be 
noted that Detroit constituted, as respects population and property, the larger part of the territory and State of Michigan up 
to a period not very remote; and was the seat of government and of most of the courts, as well as the financial and commercial 
nietriipolis. Even now, it contains about one-tenth of the population, and pays about one-seventh of the taxes of the State. 

Litigation is the inseparable incident of population and commerce, which also give rise to an average percentage of 
crime ; but up to a date not very long before the admission of the State into the Union, there was little population and small 
commerce, and the services of a French notary sufficed for most legal business. The Detroit of early history was a handet 
of a few hundred souls, on a rude and remote frontier, a great contrast to the American city of to-day with its 250,000 souls. 

It would be neither interesting nor profitable to recall the legal annals of Detroit before the organization of the State of 
Michigan, by separation from that of Indiana, in 1805, and before the great fire, the memory of which is perpetuated by the 
device on the city seal. The legal history since that date divides itself into four periods ; first, from 1805 to 1824, the time 
of the formation of the legislative council ; second, from that date to the admission of the State into the Union, in 1837 ; 
third, from that time to the foundation of the new Appellate Supreme Court, in 1858, and fourth, the period since elaiising. 
The first period was distinguished by the appointment of territorial judges, residing and holding court in Detroit. Their 
court was both a court of law and a court of chancery. In addition to their judicial duties, the judges, together with the 
Governor, constituted the Legislature, which was empowered by Congress to adopt from the older States such statute law as 
was appropriate to the condition of things here. Other legislation came from Congress direct. Besides their judicial and 
legislative duties, the judges constituted a land board, to lay out the city and assign lots in the district burned over. The 
fact that these judges were appointed during good behavior, following the rule first established in England in 1701 (the year 
Detroit was founded), and of incalculable benefit to the public, induced .several men, highly endowed and well trained, to 
sever the ties binding them to their homes in the older States, and to accept these official places here in the then far west. 
Augustu.s Brevoort Woodward, of Virginia, whose name is perpetuated in our principal thoroughfare, Frederick Bates, of 
Massachusetts, and John Griffin, of Virginia, constituted the first Supreme Court in Detroit. In 1808 Judge Bates was 
transfei'red to the Territory of Louisiana, and James Witherell, a native of Massachusetts, but then a member of Congress 
from Vermont, was appointed in his place. Prior to 1810, the old French common law, called the Custom of Paris, 
prevailed here nominally, and, indeed, was never formally abolished by statute until that year. But when the United States 
Government took possession of Detroit, in 17'J4-'90, at the time of " Jay's Treaty," the connnon law of England silently entered 
this old French town, with the newly arriving population, and has been recognized ever since in the courts as governing the 
great mass of affairs — being but slightly modified by succeeding statutes and constitutions. Land titles were not affected by 
the transfer of sovereignty, but were confirmed by commissioners under the authority of the General Goverrmient. It is by 
virtue of the English common law that the soil under the watei-s of the river belongs to the owners of the adjacent shores. 

Coming now to the second period: in 1824 the legislative power was separated from the judicial by Congress, and a 
legislative council was established, as a distinct body sitting in Detroit. The former judges were legislated out of office, and 
the judicial tenure was changed from good behavior to a term of years. Judge AVithcrell was reappointed, and Salomon 
Sibley and Jolin Hunt, both of Ma.ssachusetts, were placed with him in the court. Judge Hunt dying in 1827, Henry 
Chipman, ot Vermont (father of the present Congressman and late Judge of the Superior Court of the city, John Logan 
Chipman), was appointed to fill the vacancy At the end of Judge Witherell's term, he was succeeded by Wm. AVoodbridge 
of Connecticut, afterwards Governor and Senator. Subsequently, George Morell, of ]Massaclnisetts, afterwards Judge of the 
State Supremo Court, and Ross Wilkins, later U. S. District Judge, replaced Judges Woodbridge and Chipman and continued 
in office mitil tlic admission of the State. These territorial judges were every one remarkable men ; men of capacity and 
cluiractcr, and, with one or two excejitions, of college education. They were men of foresight and patriotism, well fitted to 
nioulil the institutions of a city and State. What this commonwealth and its metropolis are to-day is largely due to these 
men who filled the early bench in Detroit. Charles Lamed, an eloquent and accomplished lawyer from Connecticut, father 
of Colonel Sylvester Earned, so promineut at the later bar, George A. O'Keefe, and some others, are still remembered as 
leaders of the bar at that period. 





W. DONOVAN. 



WILLIAM LOOK, 





MORGAN E. DOWLING. 



FRANK ANDRUS. 



ILLUSTRATED DETROIT. gp 

The admission of the State into the Union brings iis to the third period. Under the constitution of the State tlic Supreme 
Judges were appointed for seven years, and sat in Detroit, and there was a Chief flustice and tliree associates. Tlie inferior 
judges were made elective. A separate court of chancery was created. Its first cliancellor was Elon Farnsworth, of Di'tmit, 
a native of Vermont and a graduate of Middlcbury. His decisions were reported by Mr. Harrington, of Detroit, in 1844, 
making our first volume of reports. Randolph IManning, from New Jersey, was the next and last chancellor. Mr. Henry 
N. Walker reported the cases in Chancellor Manning's time. He was an esteemed and valuable citizen of Detroit, of the 
law firm of " Douglass, Walker & Campbell." Mr. Walker was Attorney General and was connected witli tlie ^Milwaukee 
Railway and the Detroit Savings Bank. 

The administration of equity in our court of chancery during its brief existence compares favorably witli the course of 
any court which ha.s existed in England or America, according to the published estimate of Chancellor Kent, of New York, 
and Judge Camjsbell, of Detroit. 

The city never had a more useful citizen or better man than Chancellor Farnsworth, who served the public in a variety 
of trusts. He was advisor of the Michigan Central Comjiany and supporter of the Episcopal Church and attained a great 
age. William A. Fletcher, of New Hampshire, was the first Chief Justice and lived long in this city. Charles W. Whipple, 
of Indiana, a West Pointer by education, who received his legal tuition in the noted office of Alexander D. Eraser, and was 
associated in practice with James A. Van Dyke, subsequently filled the place. Mr. Eraser w.as from Inverness, Scotland, 
and arrived in Detroit about 1823, having been successively in Savannah, Georgia, and Huntsville, Alabama. He had tlie 
largest law library in the city and it served as a bar library for the judges and the rest of the profession. Mr. Van Dyke 
was from Hagerstown, Maryland, and for nuich of his life was associated with Halmer H. Emmons, from Glenns Falls, 
N. Y., subsequently U. S. Circuit Judge. All these practitionei's were men of learning, skill and extensive business. 
Edward j\Iundy, of New Jersey, and a graduate of Rutger's College, who had been attorney general, was appointed to the 
bench, and was succeeded by George jNIartin, from Vermont, a man of great natural capacity. Sanford jM. Green, who com- 
piled the revised statutes of 1846; Abner Pratt and Warner Wing, of New York, were his associates. Epaphroditus Ransom, 
from Vermont, and Alpheus Felch from Maine, were on the same bench. Judge Felch was also governor, U. S. Senator 
and land commissioner to California. A man of high attainments and cultivation, he still lives; and in his honored and 
revered old age fills the chair of professor in the law department of the University of Michigan. Samuel T. Douglass, from 
New York, of the same bench, held the Circuit Court in Detroit, following Supreme and Circuit Judge Warner Wing. 
Judge Wing was a popular and useful judge, rotund of person, rubicund of face, and with the attractive disposition accom- 
panying those physical attributes. After leaving the bench he became counsel for the Michigan Southern Railroad. Judge 
Douglass was a judge of sound learning and the Lord Eldon of the bench as a doubter. Since leaving the bench he has 
enjoyed a valualile practice and is now on a voyage around the world. 

In the days of the old court it was the custom of the bar of Detroit to give annual dinners to the judges at the end of 
the term, and the later bar can hardly imagine what delightful occasions these were. Merciless criticism of decisions was 
deprived of its sting by the merriest wit ; and no lietter after-dinner speeches can be imagined than those frequently heard at 
these dinnere. D. Bethune Duffield, secretary of the bar, was generally the poet of the occasion, and one of his productions 
entitled "A Post-Prandial Rhyme," which was printed, contained a running fire of satire, fun, grave sentiment and pathos 
quite unexcelled. The sharp animosities engendered by the war led to the disuse of the " bar dinner," and with it perished 
the most agreeable institution in the legal history of Detroit, and one not without valuable uses in promoting a spirit of 
professional fraternity and devotion, serving to uphold the dignity and honor of the profession. 

The leading lawyers of the third period were Eraser & Romeyn, Joy & Porter, Van Dyke & Emmons, Lothrop & 
Duffield, George C. Bates, Daniel and Stejihen Goodwin, Barstow & Lockwood, Howard, Bishop &. Holbrook, Jacol) jM. 
Howard, William A Howard, Alex. W. Buel, Robert P. Toms, C. I. & E. C. Walker, David Stewart, Prosecuting Attor- 
ney and M. C, Willcox & Gray, Robt. McClelland, Backus & Harbaugh, George E. Hand, Henry D. Terry and Hovey K. 
Clarke. They were all eminent men. References have already been made to some of them. Theodore Romeyn was from 
New Jersey, of Rutger's College, and a man of cultivation and attainment. James F. Joy (now in the railway world) was 
from New Hampshire, and of Dartmouth College, a skillful practitioner in chancery and successful before juries. George 
F. Porter, his partner, was from Vermont, and the firm represented large interests. George V. N. Lothrop was from Mas- 
sachusetts and of Brown University, a man of persuasive eloquence, long counsel for the JMiehigan Central Company. He 
was recently I\Iinister to Russia. His partner, D. Bethune Duffield, was an elegant scholar and jioet. Daniel Goodwin was 
very prominent in his day as president of two constitutional conventions, \]. S. District Attorney, Judge of the Supreme 
Court and of the Upper Peninsula. He was a man of sound learning. Samuel Barstow was also U. S. Attorney, Jacob 
M. Howard was a man of distinguished ability from Vermont, the first delegate in Congress from the Territory of Jlichigan, 
Attorney General and United States Senator, and draughtsman of the 13th Amendment of the U. S. Constitution. In the 
))rcsentation of facts before a juiy he was without a rival, and was well vei'sed in the literature of the French language. 
William A. Howard was also from Vermont and of Middlebury College. He was of great power as a public sjieaker, w;is 
long in Congress, and was IMinister to China and (iovernor of Dakota. AVilliam Gray was from Ireland, and of such wit 
and siieech that on a larger theatre he would have had wide distinction. Roljcrt ^tcCleiland was from Pennsylvania, was 
Congressman, Governor and Secretary of the Interior. Henry T. Backus was from Connecticut and was Judge of Ai-izoua. 
David E. Harbaugh was from Ohio, Collector of Revenue and Police Judge. George E. Hand was fnjm Connecticut and 




llh.\k\ A. M.\\l,A.\i) A: CO.'S STORE— hxieiKj; \ it-w. 



ILLUSTRATED DETROIT. 



71 



was U. S. District Attorney. Alex. W. Buel was from Vermont and was Mayor and Congressman. During this period 
the Circuit Court ia Detroit was held by judges of the Supreme Court. 

We have now arrived at the last period, beginning in 1868, when the judicial system was remodelled, and an independ- 
ent Supreme Court was established, consisting of four judges, and independent Orcuit Courts were formed, Detnjit lie- 
coming the third judicial circuit. The Detroit Supreme Judge elected was James V. Campbell, who was continuously 
re-elected thence forward till 1890 — jjrobably the longest time for which any elective judge was ever elected. No inau in 
Detroit was better known or more honored. Ho served also as professor of law in the university, and was a scholar and 
author, and supporter of the Episcopal Chui-ch. .Judge Campbell was succeeded by John AV. McGrath. The Circuit Judi^e 
elected under the new system was Benjamin Franklin Hamilton Witherell, son of the territorial judge of that name. He 
was succeeded by C. I. Walker, H. B. Brown, Jared Patchin, C. J. Reilly and F. H. Chambers. Subsequently the statute 
was so changed in consequence of the growth of the city, that the court was enlarged to four judges, and since then F. H. 
Chambers, John J. Speed, William Jennison, C. J. Reilly, George Gartner, William Look, George S. Hosmer and Henry 
Navarre Brevoort have occuj)ied the bench. 

The growth of the city also required the establishment of another tribunal, called the Superior Court. Lvman Coch- 
rane from New Hampshire was first judge and he was succeeded by Judge John Logan Chipman. The Recorder's Court 
was held for a great many years by Judge George S. Swift, of Vermont, whose duties as criminal judge were very onerous 
and well jicrformed. He was followed by Judge Chambers. The Federal Judges at Detroit during this period were Ross 
Wilkins, John W. Longyear of New York, and a Congressman, H. B. Brown, afterwards raised to the Supreme Bench, and 
H. II. Swan. JNIr. Emmons was made U. S. Circuit Judge, a man of remarkable personality and great learnino-. Judges 
McLean, Swayne, Brewer and Brown have successively jiresided as Circuit Judges. 

To call the roll of men now and formerly distinguished at the Detroit bar ; to enumerate their characteristics and re- 
count the various fields of usefulness in which they labored fijr the good of the city, would extend this sketch lievdinl the 
assigned limits. Suffice it to say, that no bar in this United States, outside the great sea-board cities, has exhibited more 
examples of varied excellence. 

It now consists of about five hundred members and contains many men eminent in the city, State and nation ; l)ut it 
would be invidious to eulogize living men. Strike out from the history of Detroit its legal history and what a void 
would be left. 

The design of this article does not include any notice of changes, which were common to the whole State, showing the 
progress and improvement of the law ; such, for example, as the " JMarried Woman's Property Act," of 1855. 




SCENE ON STAR ibl.ANU. 




SEELEY BRO.'S STORE— Interior and Exterior Views. 



Medical History of Detroit From 1 701 -1864. 

BY S. P. DUFFIELD, M. I)., AND E. W. JENKS, M. D, LL. D. 

"Sleep off their mortal night, 
Sorrow ean't break it, 
Heaven's own morning light 
Alone shall wake it." 

In introducing this rapidly written history of the phj'sicians, from the beginning of Detroit's history 
to 18G4, I have no aixilogy to make, except that this was forced upon me by the ill health of Dr. Morse 
Stewart, the gentleman expected to have taken charge of the material and written it up. He has. 
however, contributed to filling out the meagre histories of some professional men that would have 
otherwise been forgotten. Some men have had no written history; they live in the hearts of their fellow 
citizens, and gradually fade, as a sunset glow, in each succeeding generation, until their virtues, names 
and places are lost to their fellow citizens, the State and the world. It is to avoid such a fate to those 
who practiced here when this city was surrounded by the primeval forests, made picturesque in scenery 
with the Indian wigwams and ponies, that this task is undertaken. It will be best to take up the review 
in decades; I cannot see any better way of getting into a systematic shape the members of the profession 
of medicine who have long since slept over into a new life. 

From 1701-17J8. When Antoine de la Motte Cadillac came to the settlement of Detroit, in 1701, he 
brought with him Dr. Antoine Forrestier, who died in 1710, and was succeeded in 1718 by Dr. Jean 
Daptiste Cliapaton, the ancestor of the Hon. Alexander Chapatou, and his son. Dr. Edmund Chapaton, 
now living in this city. 

From 1718-1758 the records of death in the settlements bore his signature. Retiring fi'om the 
arduous duties of the active practitioner, just before the English conquest — and the practitioner of the 
present day, as he drives over the paved streets of this city, can form no true idea of what "active 
practitioner" meant in those days— he turned his attention to improving the tract of land granted by the 
government. His kindness and sympathy as a physician, and his upright behavior, won the affection of 
the whites and the reverence of the Indians. 

The third prominent surgeon and physician was Dr. Gabriel Christopher le Grand, who came direct 
from France, in 1755, but when the British lion, instead of the stars and stripes, floated over the city, he 
shook off the dust from his feet, and returned to France in 1 7G0. 

17G0.— Dr. Jean Baptiste Chapaton and Jacques Godfrey were chosen to parley with the chief Pontiac. 
A new nationality shows itself from November, 1760, in the profession of the commander of the English 
troops. Major Rogers brought with him Dr. Anthon, a graduate of Eisnach and Amsterdam (Holland) 
College of Surgeons, coming as a prisoner to New York, the vessel on which he was surgeon having been 
captured by a British privateer from New York and carried back to that port. He obtained a good posi- 
tion in the Military Hospital at Albany, New Y'ork. Afterwards being appointed First Assistant Surgeon 
of the GOth Regiment Royal Amei-icans, he came with this regiment to Detroit. His profes.sional history 
will be found in this volume under his name. 17G0-178G was his term of residence in Detroit. 

1783. — Detroit was ceded to United States by a treaty of peace. At the time of the cession Dr. Will 
Brown was resident here and fought the ague and intermittent fever, then so prevalent in Michigan, with 
Peruvian bark, quinine then not being an article of commerce. He was a popular ijhysician, full of sym- 
]iathy for the Fnnicli and Americans alike. His contemporary. Dr. McClosky, was precise alike in manner 
and prescriptions, a. great believer in the free use of the lancet in brain fever (tempora mutantur). 

1805. — A terrible conflagration swept very nearly the whole town away, and the plot was changed 
under an act of Congress in 180G. Dr. Henry was another physician later than Dr. McClosky. He was the 
ancestor of Dr. Farrand Henry, of this city, and a relative by marriage to Dr. Porter, mentioned fui'ther on, 

1812—1832—1834. 

A\'c now coiiu; to a period in Detroit's medical history whicliis marked with a more definite progress. 
Witlia population of 800 souls in 1812,shehad grown, until struck by the dreaded Asiatic cholera in 1832- 
1834, when sIk; had a population of over 4,500. The medical men who fought the pestilence at that time 
were Dr. Marshall Chapin, father of ]\Irs. Theo. H. Hinchman and the late Mrs. Norton Strong. His son, 
also nanierl Marshall, studied medicine when the writer was in the literary de])artment of the University 
of Michigan, and died soon after entering upon the practice of medicine; Drs. R. S. Rice, Ebenezer Huni, 
H. P. Cabb, Robt. .McMillan, Dr. Hardin, Dr. F. B. Clark, Dr. Douglass Houghton, Dr, Ziua Pitcher, Dr. 



r, 



■■%. 




K. W. lENKS, M. D. 





FREDERICK STEARNS. 



SAMUEL P. DUFFIELU. 



Illustrated Detroit. 75 

Arthur L. Portpr, Dr. J. P.. Scovil, Dr. N. D. Stebbins, Dr. Ahrnm Ragor (1835), George K. Kussell (1837), 
Adrian R. Toi-ry, at one tiiiip Tori-y & Rnss(>ll, Ijowis F. Starkly. Willioiit niakinp,- any invidious r-onipar- 
isons, Dr. Dduyla.sss llongliton was evidently the most hberally (>dncatcd of tlie medical men of that time 
(1832), and was strongly supported by Dr. Zina Pitcher, and liis ]>aitner at one tim(>, Dr. Rice. He had 
no trouble in getting rapidly advanced in his professional honors until hi' finally became apjxjiiited State 
Geologist (18-')7) by Governor Mason. Dr. Pitcher's memory has not faded from the minds of man v in 
Detroit. A gentleman of staid and polished manners, reserved and deliberate in conversation, he was con- 
sultant and surgeon of St. Mary's Hosintal, with the late Dr. Diodie as his assistant, and the wi'iter took 
his first surgical lessons under these two gentlemen. During the cholera season, 1 832-1831:, Dr. Houghton 
was taxed in miail and body in striving with this fatal scourge. lie it was who sat at the bedside of many 
Detroit citizens stricken down with the disease. General Sylvester Lai-ned being one of those who died. At 
this time Hon. .lolin Owen was clerk in Dr. Chapin's drug store and stated that he would lend a helping 
hand in ])i-epa7-ing for his (Di-. Houghton's) chemical lectures before the Young Men's Literary Society, 
formed in 1832, the year the cholera broke out. 

1853—1837. 

Up to this time tliere had been no medical society, except sonunvhere about 1837 the ol<l Sydenham 
Society was organized. Drs. George B. Russell, A. R. Terry, Zina IMtcher. 

1840. — Dr. Donnelly came to Detroit ; went to Canada 1847. 

1845.— Dr. Chas. N. Ege, giaduate of the Pennsylvania University medical depai-tmcMit, resigned his 
position as assistant surgeon in the Philadelphia almshouse and came to Detroit, fought the cholera here 
in 1849, his wife, nee Lamson, dying of it; went to California, returned broken in health ; sought to re- 
cuperate at Sault Ste. Marie, but died there. He rests in Elmwood. About this time there came a Dr. J. 
B. Brown, a pleasant and highly educated man. His history I have been unable to trace. 

April 14, 1849.— Outbreak of the cholera of 1849, which the writer well remembers. A new society 
was formed with more potentiality than the old Sydenham. It was called the Wayne County Medical 
Society, and elected Dr. Chas. N. Ege its first president, and Chas. Trijjler vice-presiclent. The members 
subscribing to the constitution and by-laws were: R. S. Rice, Z. Pitclier, Chas. S. Tripler, H. P. Cobb, C. N. 
Ege, Adrian R. Terry, P. Klien, A. L. Leland, L. H. Cobb, Richard Inglis, Lucretius H. Cobb; Seci-etary, 
R. S. Rice; Treasurer, P. Klien; R. Inglis and A. L. Leland, Censors. "Section Gth, of constitution: The 
county medical societies heretofore incorporated, or which shall hereafter be incorpoi-ated, may, at their 
first meeting, to be holden under the ]irovisions of this chapter, agree upon the times and places of hold- 
ing their annual meetings, but such times and places may be changed by said societies respectively at any 
annual meeting, by a vote of a majoi-ity of all the members of the society, and the secretary of each of 
said societies shall lodge in the office of the clerk of the propei- county a copy of all proceedings had at 
first meeting thereof, and said clerk shall file and preserve tlie same (which he did not do, as l^iey cannot 
be found. S. P. D.), and may receive therefor twelve and a half cents. Section 7. The medical societies 
established as aforesaid may examine all students who shall present themselves for that purpose, and, if 
found qualified, may license them to practice as physicians and surgeons, and give diplomas therefor under 
the hand of the president and seal of the society before wlioui such students shall be examined, which 
diploma shall be sufficient to authorize the person obtaining the same to practice i)hysic or surgery, or 
both, as shall be set forth in such diploma, in any part of this State. Section 9. When any student shall 
have been examined by the censors and I'ejected , lie shall not at any time thereafter be examined or licensed 
by any connty medical society, l)ut shall in all such cases make application thereafter to the State Medical 
Society, etc., etc. Any license obtained contrary to the above was void." This society existed and did its 
work until 1 851 , issuing the following worded license : 

STATE OF MICHIGAN. 

To all wJioni 1 1irsc prcsfiits slinll conic, or imiy in nnvwisp concpvn : 

The ])i-esident, secivtary, and censors of the Wayne County Medical Society send greeting: 
Where.vs: Edward Batwell hath exhibited unto us satisfactory testimony that he is (mi titled to a 
license to practice physic and surgery. Now Know Ye, that by virtue of the power and authority vested 
in us by law, we do grant unto said Edwai-d I5atwell, the ])rivil(\ge of ])i'acticing physic and surgery i:; this 
State, together with all rights and immunities which usuallv a])pertain to phvsicians. 

[Signed.] 

F. M.CLARK, M. D. ) 
P. KLIEX, M. 1). Censors. 

A. L. LELAND, ^L I). S 
In testimony whereof, we have caus(Ml the seal of the society to be hereunto affixed. 
GEO. B. RUSSELL, M. D., President. LUCRETIUS 11. COBB, M. D., Secretary. 

Dated Detroit, November 5, 1850. 




RESIDENCE OF C. M. BURTON. 




RESIDENCE OF GEORGE G. BOOTH. 



ILLUSTRATED DETROIT. 77 

The seal was a piece of white i)aj)er hiid 011 the ineited wax, mid a small eagle, such as used to be used 
on coins, pi-essed upon it. The society, liowcvcr, was to be shorn of its power soon after they issued the 
license of whicli I liave p-iven you a copy. It seems that jjetitions were sent the leg-islature, and hnd such 
an influence ii])()u them that the power of examination was made of no value, and Michigan liy her 
legislature took tlie position that slie has held ever since, not to protect against quackci-y, but allow men 
without tlie requisite knowledge to practice. Tiie petitions having accomplished tiieir pur])<)se, tlie society 
convened, and the committee ap|)ointed lo iii(|iiiic whether the statute regulating the practice of incdiiinc 
had been repealed, respectfully reported that such was the case, .and offered the following iircnnihlc ami 
resolution, whicli was ordered publislied in the daily paper. 

Whereas, The laws which from time to time have been enacted to regulate the practice ofi licinc by 

prescribing prerequisites to candidates for licenses and authorizing members of the profession tiicniselvcs 
in standing to be the judges of the qualifications of such candidates, were designed to shield the 
community from imposition rather than confer exclusive privileges upon the ineml)ers of tlie State or 
County Medical Societies. The body by refusal of all law on the subject of their profession, are led to tli(> 
conclusion that the public, girded by the inspiration of the age in whicli we live, have to judge from the 
signatures to petitions addressed to the legislature on this subject, arrived at the belief that all wisdom 
(as \vell as all ])ower) are centered in them, rather than in those who have made medicine a study. 

Tiii;i!i;f()I(E, RcHoIved, That inasmuch as the primary object for which this society was (u-ganized has 
been withdrawn from our jurisdiction by legislative action, we will dissolve it and promote and provide in 
other ways the means of professional improvement. [Signed.] 

R. s. ricp:, 

GEOIKIE B. RUSSELL, M. I)., President. Z. riTCHLR, 

LUCULTIUS COBB, Secretary. L. H. COP.B, 

May 13, 1851. Committee. 

Thus the Wayne County Medical Society went out of existence. The original members still alive are 
three, Dr. Peter Klien, the president. Dr. George B. Russell and Dr. Edward Batwell, now of Ypsilanti, 
Michigan, all men well advanced in years and held in respect by their fellow citizens. Following for some 
time after this, medical history becomes lost until another Wayne County Medical Society was organized 
somewhere about 1857-1858. A good many of the old members joined and new members came into the 
society ; among them were Di-. Morse Stewart and Dr. Brodie, lately deceased, and who was a member at 
the time of his death of Wayne County Medical Society No. 3, for there have been three different societies 
tearing that title. The medical histcu-y of Dr. Morse Stewart and Dr. Brodie will be found in this volume. 
Intellectual excellence has been held in veneration in almost every age and country in the world. Individ- 
uals of genius, of science, have been honored when living and should be revered when dead. In the silence 
of hushed pain, beneath the beautiful trees of Elmwood and Woodmere, sleep those who fought disease in 
many of the families of this city. Their work is finished, but they are sacredly cherished in the hearts of 
many, and I am thankful that their histories are to be grouped in volume and not to be totally forgotten 
and their memories blended with the dust. The tombs of these good men should urge us to think of them, 
in veneration of their work and imitation of their lives. Thus will the honors of the dead, empty as some 
are wont to call them, reflect solid and lasting benefits upon the generations coming alter them. Their 
example still lives; it is immortal. 

BY EDWARD W. JEXKS, M. D., \Aj. I). 

18G4-1891. 

AiiKuig the more prominent, whose acquaintence the writer made in 1804, were Drs. Z. Pitcher, N. D. 
Stebbens, Jas. A. Brown, James F. Noyes, Morse Stewart, Moses (lunn, S. (}. Armor, Herman Kiefer, Peter 
Klien, Richard Inglis, D. Henderson, Lucretius Cobb and E. JI. Clark. Among those of the Honurpathic 
School prominent at this time were Drs. Drake, Lodge and Ellis. Drs. Pitcher and Farrand were, at the 
time, attendant jihysicians at St Mary's Hosijital, and, under the direction of Dr. Tripler, Medical Director 
of the U. S. Army, they attended to many wounded soldiers. Dr. James F. Noyes, now retired from 
jiractice, was here, and had become prominent for his superior skill and discoveries, introduced in the 
treatment of diseases of the eye and ear. Drs. Inglis, Pitcher and Stebbens also were exceedingly jirominent 
as general |>ractitioners. They were greatly beloved by their patients, and held in high esteem by the 
profession for their medical skill and scientific knowledge. St. Mary was then the only i>nblic hospital in 
the State, but owing to being overcrowded by the U. S. soldiers, there was little room for the sick poor of 
the city and State. About this time (18(14) the General Government constructed buildings for a soldiers' 
hospital, upon lands donated by Nancy Martin Harper in 1859 for the founding of a general 
hos])ital, conveying to a board, to be known as the "Trustees of Harper Hospital." The government, as 
conditioned, turned over the buildings erected by it to said board, at the close of the war, when Drs. 





CHARLES L. CLARK. 



GEORGE M. ANDERSON. 




J^ % 



^ 





CYRUS JOHNSON. 



M. P. THATCHER. 



ILLUSTRATED DETROIT. 



79 



McGraw, G. P. Andrews, Samupl V. Duffiekl, D. 0. Fan-and and Dr. Edward W. Jenks were constituted the 
first board of jjliysicians and surgeons. Former State Medical Societies having beconie extinct, the present 
Michigan State Medical Society was initiated at a meeting in this city, called for that ])mposc, and held in 
the office of Dr. Jenks, May 15th, 18(j(j, of which Dr. James F. Noyes was chainuiin, when foinial 
IM-eliminary action was had, and an invitation was extended to the profession of Ihc State to meet in 
Detroit on the fifth of the following month, for the purpose of i)erfecting the organization. Tn res])oiise to 
the call, there assembled in the old Supreme Coui-t room on Woodwai-d Avenue (tlie present hniiht of Rov's 
book store) more members of the profession than came together for any purpose during several years lliat 
followed. But the organization was effected by making j\Ioses Gunn temporary president. A constitution 
and by-laws were adojjted, and C. M. Stockwell, of Port Huron (then a regent of the universitv), was 
elected president. ( )n June 5th of the following year (18G7) the society met iu the same place, and whcic 
it continued to meet annually for several successive years. From a small organization, with a somewhat 
stormy birth, and a feeble childhood, it has attained the age of maturity, and is today an honor to its 
founders and the State whose name it bears. At the same meeting of the profession, at Dr. Jenks' office 
(May 15th, 18GG), initial stejis were taken towards the organization of a local society, as none were then 
in existence in Detroit. :May 30th, 18GG, the first regular meeting of the Wayne County ^Medical Society 
was held at the ^Mayor's office, and the venerable Zina Pitcher was elected president. This society, aft(T 
several years of successful life, in consequence of other local societies being formed, and the disaffection of 
some of its members, ceased to exist for a time, but was soon succeeded by the present incorjiorated bodv, 
an eminently successful organization, with a large membership, without the fear of similar failure. 

Detroit had had, pi'evious to this time, several medical jounmls, the PeiihiKnlnv pi-obalily being the 
principal. The Detroit Review of Medicine was established by private enterprise in l.SGG, and edited 
nminly by Drs. Andi-ews, Duffleld, ^IcGraw and Jenks. 

In 18G8 the Detroit Medical College was preliminarily founded, and formally established in 18G9. The 
faculty elected Edward W. Jenks president, Theodoi-e A. :McGi-aw, secretary and treasurer, and the 
following as ]jrofcssors: Edward W. Jcidcs, M. D., r)bstetrics and Diseases of Women; Theodore A. 
McGraw, M. D., Surgery; Geo. P. Andrews, M. D., Practice of Medicine; C. B, Gilbert, M. I)., Materia 
Medica; James F. Noyes, M. D., ()i)hthalmology aud Otology; N. W. Webbei', M. D., Anatomy; Sam'l 1'. 
Duffield, il. D., Chemistry; W. H. Lathrop, M. D., Physiology;. J. M. Bigelow, M. D., Medical Botany; 
Henry P. Brown, present Justice U. S. Supreme Court, on Medical Jurisprudence. There were but few 
changes iu the faculty for the first ten years of its existence, the most notable being the withdrawal of Dr. 
Lathrop, and the addition of Drs. R. Liglis, A. B. Lyon and L. Connor. The subsequent history of this 
institution was subjected to various changes, which finally culminated in the permanent establishment, in 
1883, of the present Detroit College of Medicine, by the consolidation with it of the Michigan Medicid 
College, organized in 1879, of which the faculty consisted of Drs. Lyster, Book, Leonard, Lundy,,yeamens, 
.Mulhei-on. and LaFerte. The present ]\Iichigau College of Medicine and Surgery is an entirely separate and 
distinct institution. It was organized in 1888, and is connected with Emergency Hospital, its Board of 
Trustees being Hal C. AVyman, M.D., president; Dayton Parker, M.D., vice-president; Webster C. Jipson, 
M. I)., secretary and treasurer: R. B. Robbius, M. D., W. H. Long, M. D., F. Woolfenden and Henry C. 
AVisner. In 1874 the Detroit Homoepathic College was founded by Drs. E. I. Ellis, Younghusband and 
others of that school, but ceased when a like school was established in Ann Arbor. 

The hospitals of Detroit are, St. Mary's, Harper, Grace, Women's and Foundlings', St. Luke's, House 
of Providence, Detroit Sanitarium, besides several private sanitariums and hospitals. The hospitals of 
this city are not the shabby structures of former j-ears, but are large, commodious modern buildings. 

St. JIary's Hospital was founded by the Sisters of Charity iu 1849. Harper's, as previouslji' stated, 
was organized in 1859, but was not used as a general hospital until after the close of the war. Gi-ace 
Hospital was founded through the liberality of Hon. James ]Mc]\Iillan, the late Hon. John S.Newberry and 
Amos Chaffee, and opened for patients iu 1888. It was given its name in memory of a beloved daughter of 
the first named gentleman. St. Luke's and Church Hou.se founded by H I'. Baldwin. Protestant Orphan 
established in 183G. House of Providence organized in 18G8. Thompson Home for Gld Ladies, refci-i-ed 
to in another part of this work, and Women's Hospital and Foundlings' Home speak well for the philan- 
thropy and humanity of its citizens. 

The oldest nieilical society which has pa.ssed successfully through all the revolutions and changes of 
tile Detroit medical world since 18G4, is the; Detroit Academy of Medi(;ine. Its first officers were, Richard 
Inglis, president; E. W. Jenks, vice president; W. H. Lathrop, secretary; Dr. Lyster, ti-easui-er. The 
medical societies of Defi'oit are all prosperous, and are designated and officered as follows : The Detroit 
Academy of Medicine. Di'. Sprague, president; AVayue County Medical Society, Dr. Mulheron, president; 
Detroit Medical and Lil)i-ai'y Association, Dr. Carrier, president; Detroit Gynecological Society, Dr. 
Tmirie, president; College of Medicine and Sui-geons, an Homeopathic Society. 





JOSEPH S. VISGER. 



THOMAS S. SPRAGUE. 




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ILLUSTRATED DETROIT. 8i 

The iiipdical jirofessioii of Detroit takes rank with the best iu the country. It numbers amonn- its 
members medirul authors, teachers and practitioners whose names are known and recognized not alone in 
every part of tlie United States, but iu toreiyu countries. There exists an (j.sprit du voi'ps in the jjrot'ession of 
to-day that is in quite marked contrast to the state of affairs a quarter of acentui'j ago. It does not 
seem wise to particularize or write fulsomely in praise of those wlio are now actively eng-aged in proii's- 
sional work in Detroit, as the names of all who have attained distinction in any degree, are as household 
words in our midst. Detroit may well be proud of its cultured medical profession as it exists to-day. P>ut 
it must not be forgotten that hei-etofore those who labored in the same fields and have ceased from their 
labors, have done much for the material prosperity of the city. We should bow our heads in reverence 
when we recall the names of those who have acted as pioneers iu organizing and establishing the many 
medical institutions and hos])iials of the city. As the writer recalls the profession of this city as it existed 
in liSU-t, and remembers the gradual elimination of its number, and the meetings from time to time of tiie 
profession for individual members to eulogize the dead, and appoint others to bear them to their last 
resting ]»lace; he feels grateful tliat sucii men have lived and labored in the city they and we love. lie 
cannot remember that any have left lai-ge estates, nor are their exploits written on tablets of bronze or 
niai-l>l(^ but their memories are cherished by many citizens now living in consequence of their exercised 
skill, and by their contiMiiporaries and successors in 1he pi-ofcssion, and witli scarcely a single exception it 
uiay truthfully be written of them, "They feared God and loved their fellow men." 



Biographical Sketches. 



Russell A. Alger. The career of this first citizen of the city and State reads like a romance. Both his 
military and business careers have been remarkable, and iu each he has shown the qualities that prove him 
to be one of those rare characters that earns success iu whatever station of life he may be placed. Geu. Al- 
ger was born on a farm iu the township of Lafayette, Medina county, Ohio, on February 27th, 1836, and 
at the early age of twelve years was by the death of both his parents left dejiendent upon his own exertions 
for a livelihood as well as for the suppoi-t of a 3'ounger brother and sister. For seven years he labored on a- 
farm in Richfield, Ohio, and in the winter months obtained what education there was to be had at a neigh- 
boring academy. Securing a i>osition as a teacher of a district school, he taught during the winters of 
his 18th, 19th and 2Uth years, and continued his labors on the farm during the spring and summer until 
March, 18.57, when he entered upon the study of law with Wolcott & Upson, at Akron, Ohio^ He was 
admitted to practice by the Supi'eme Court of Ohio iu 1859, and removing to Cleveland, was engaged in 
the law office of Otis & Coffinberry. Ill health compelled him to relinquish the pursuit of his profession, 
and he removed to Grand Rapids, Michigan, where he engaged in the lumber trade. He responded to his 
country's call soon after the breaking out of the war of the Rebellion, and his eidistment as a private iv- 
cruit in the Second Michigan Cavalry followed in August, 18G1. When mustered into service he w-as com- 
missioned captain and assigned to Company C. His official army record is as follows : Captain Second 
Cavalry, September 2, ]8(jl; Major, April 2, 1802; wounded and taken prisoner at Rooneville, Jlissis- 
sippi, July 1, 18(J2; Lieutenant Colonel Sixth Michigan Cavalry, October 16, 1802; Colonel Fifth Michi- 
gan Cavalry, February 28, 18Gi5 ; wounded in action at Boonesboro, Maryland, July 8, 1803; resigned 
Se])tember 20, 18(34, and honorably discharged ; Brevet Brigadier-General United States \'olunteers fi)r 
gallant and mciitoiious services, to rank from the battle of Treviliau Station, Virginia, June 11, 1801 ; 
IJrevet Majoi-General, June 11, 1865, for gallant and meritorious services during the war. The Cydo- 
l)edia of Michigan refers to General Alger's mihtary career in the following terms: 

"Tl:e advancement did not come through favoritism, but because each step was honestly and gai- 
i.iiiljy won. The (pialities that had given him distiintion in ])rivate life were brought into play in the 
Held, and made him one lo whom others naturally turned in hours of emergency or danger. A born com- 
ma ndei- of men, and with a natural military gcTiius, it wt)ul(l have been a sti'ange combination of ail verse 
circumstances that could have deterred him from ])rt)nioti()n dui'ing his yeai-s of army life. He enlisted at 
twenty-live and was a Colonel at twenty-seven. It would take space far beyond that a.vailahle hereto 
give a detailed history of General Alger's career while in t Ik^ army, and to relate all the stining incidents ot 
diinger and heroism that ;ire interwoven therein. * * * In tlie earlier years of the Rebellion, General 
Alger was active in the Southwest, but the larger portion of his service was with the .Vrmyof thePotonnic. 
He entei-ed (i(>ttysburg in command of the Fifth and Sixth Michigan Cavalry as Colonel, on June 28, 
1803, his being the first Union command to reach that village, and the ovation which he and his men re- 
ceived from the loval citizens is still regarded by the General as one of the brightest incidents ot Ins mill- 



ILLUSTRATED DETROIT. 83 

tary career. One of tlie most important en^>:a2Pments in whic-h General A]f>:er participated was the battle 
of Boonesville, Miss., .lulv 1, l.S()2, at which time he was ('aptain of Company C, Second Michigan Cav- 
alry. Genei-al Ciiahners, witli about seven thousand mounted Confedei'ates (VlevtMi regiments and por- 
tions of regiments), made an attack npon Booneville, which was hehl by Colonel Sheriduu, who, though 
in command of the Second I'rigade of the Cavalry Division, Ai-my of theMississi]j])i, had with him at the 
time of the attack but two snuUl regiments, the Second Michigan Cavalry and the Second Iowa Cavalry, 
both regiments numbering less than nine hundred men, the former of which was armed with Coifs revol- 
vers and revolving caT-bines, So great was the heroism displayed by these two regiments that (}eneral 
Chalmei'S was led to believe that he had been deceived as to the strength of the enemy, supposiu"' tlie 
slaughter accomplished by the Michigan regiment with their carbines must certainly be tlie work of an in- 
fantry brigade. Each time he advanced he was met with six shots from the carbines, followed bvsix shots 
from each revolver, which had the effect of checking the advance. Sheridan, with his little Ijodv of men, 
was in danger of being surrounded and captured, so he decided upon the desperate measure of sending a 
'forlorn hope' of ninety ]iicked men, one-half each fi-om the Second Michigan and Second Iowa, in com- 
mand of Ca]itain .Vlger, to make a cii-cuit of the enemy ami charge upon his I'ear with sabers. This was 
accomplished, Alg(^r nmking a circuit of eight miles in one liour, and had the desired effect, for as soon as 
Alger charged upon the reserve of about three thousand men, they broke and fled, the attacking force 
fohowing, leaving one hundred and twenty-five of their dead upon the field. Captain Alger lost near one 
half of his command in the charge in killed, wounded and missing, and was wounded himself ( 'olonel Al- 
ger is frequently mentioned in official reports of engagements for distinguished services, notably' by Cus- 
ter on the battle of Gettysburg. He was severely wounded in a hot fight on July 8th. near Boonesl)oro, 
Md., and did not resume service until September. He served with marked distinction during the campaign 
of 1864, taking part in all the engagements of the Army of the Potonmc, and wiiii his brigade accompa- 
nied General Sheridan to the Sheimndoah Valley in I8(i4. Of Colonel Alger's famous charge at Trevilian 
Station, while in command of the Fifth Cavalry, on July 11, 18G4, General Sheridan makes the following 
statement in his official report: 'The cavalry engagement of the 11th and 12th was by far the most bril- 
liant one of the present campaign. The enemy's loss was veiy heavy. My loss in captured will not ex- 
ceed one hundred and sixty. They are principally from the Fifth ]\Iichigam This regiment, Colonel Rus- 
sell .\..\]ger comnninding, gallantly cluu-ged down the Goi'donsville i-ond, ca]itnr'ing fiiteen hundred horses 
and about eight hundred prisoners, but were finally surrouniled and had to give them up.' General Alger 
participated in sixty-six ba.ttles and skirmishes in all, and by bravery and faithfulness merited the distinc- 
tion which he acquired." 

His business career has been no less remarkal)le than his success in the calling of arms. Returniu"- to 
Michigan in 186G, he settled at Detroit, and with limited capital re-entered the pine land and timber busi- 
ness as a member of the firm of Moore, Alger & Co., which with various changes became the iucorpoi'ated 
firm of Alger, Smith & Co., of which General Alger is the president and principal stockholder. He is also 
president or director, or more or less interested, in a large number of other imporlant business and man- 
ufacturing enterprises in the city and State, notably, the president of the Manistique Lumbering Company 
and president of the Detroit, Bay City & Alpena Railway. General Alger's natural ta.ste for politics 
had no opportunity iov exercise, owing to the necessary attention his vast and growing business required, 
and it was not until 1884 that he could be prevailed upon to give an^' of his active services to his party. 
In that 3'ear he was selected as a delegate to the National Republican Convention, and later was nomi- 
nated for Governor of Jlichigan and elected by 3,953 plurality. He could not be induced to become a can- 
didate for re-election, but his friends and admirers presented his name for the Republican nomination for 
the Presidency, and with the successive ballots in the convention his vote grew to 143 votes, when the 
l)reak was made to General Harrison which resulted in the latter's nonnimtion. He headed the list of 
electors chosen in Michigan that year. General Alger is the most prominent living member of the Grand 
Army of the Republic. He is a member of Fairbanks Post, No. 17, G. A. R., of Detroit, and is a Past Na- 
tional Commander-in-Chief. He is a member of the Loyal Legion and sevei-al other social and beneficiary 
orders. In his private life Gen. Alger is probably the best and most favorably known person in the city. H(> 
is a mend)er of the Fort Stnvt Presbyterian Church and a general and liberal contributor to many I'elig- 
iousand every charitable institution in the city. His charities are broail and go into most every relation of 
life, the source of many of tluMU being unknown even to tli(> donee. His personal manners and private lile 
are of the nK)st sim])le character: he is most ea.silj' a])])roached and is most kind and co7isidei-ate in liis 
business or personal relations with others. He was nmri'ied at Grand Rapids, Aju'il 2, 18()1, to .Miss 
Annette H. Henry, daughter of W. G. Henry, a highly respected citiz(>n of that city. His fijmily consi.sts 
of his wife, three daughters and two sons. His eldest daughter is Mrs. H. D. Sheldon, of this city. lie 
liv(>s in a beautiful and palatial residence on West Foi-t street, where he is hapi)ily surrounded by his 
family. 

James F. Joy, a native of New IIani]ishii(\ was born at Durham, Decendjer 2, 1810, took his litei-ary 
degree at Dai-tmouth College and his law course at Cambridge Law School, having as his preceptors Judge 
Story and Professor fireenlief. Immediately after his graduation from the latter lie came to Detroit, Sep- 
tember, 183(), and entered the law office of the Hon. Augustus S. Porter, and was admitted to the bar the 





GEORGE JEROME. 



ALLAN H. FRAZER. 





FRANCIS G. RUSSELL. 



THEODORE C. SHERWOOD. 



ILLUSTRATED DETROIT. 85 

following year, when, associating with liinisclf Crcoi-ge F. i'ortei-, he established the law fii-m of Joy k T'or- 
tei-, and engaged in the active practice of li:s jjiol'cssion. 

Mr. Joy arrived in Deti'oit at a period wlien Michigan was in a transition state. Although the act of 
admission had i)as.sed Congress June I.'), 1S3G, conditions were attaclied, recpiiring the as.sciil of the j)eo 
pic tlirongh a representative convention, in respect to the boundaries defined in the act. This convention 
assenting, Decendjcr, 1830, the foi'nial act of admission was passed by Congress Jannnry 2(), 1<S.'{7. 

Mr. Joy thus became a contemjjorary with Michigan, as a State. lie came hei-e without capital, witli- 
out ijowerful connections and without established pecuniary credit. lie had, however, the jiowei-s and 
quiilities formed by habit and education, which nmde him independent of i-ithei- capital, connections or ])t-- 
cuniai-y credit — a clear head, a sound judgment, quick perceptions, and a mind the most comprehensive 
and masterly in grasping legal and business propositions. To these high intellectual powers were joined a 
gi'ent moi'al force of character, a resolute will, self-reliant and fii-m, cond)ined with strict integrity, inspir- 
ing confidence, and patient ])ersevcrance, insuring success. The practice of economy, self-denial and indus- 
try, a proper pride in his professional business obligations, and punctuality in all engagements, which laid 
the foundation and guaranteed that prosi)erity and usefulness which his subsecpient life has develoix^d. 
To these properties must we look for the elements which conceived and successfully consumated thos,' 
great enterprises which have secured for Michigan, and the States west of it, that material ])rosperity 
which they to-day enjo^^ Not to any accident of bii'th or f(ntune, or any extei'ual cii-cumstances oi- con- 
dition, can we trace the extraordinary results achieved through his influence. In addition to the qualities 
named, the only advantages of that kind which he inherited, and which he still retains, are his fine personal 
appearance and commanding and impressive address. 

It has ever been the practice of Mi-. Joy to carefully consider and digest, pro and coh, all ])lans con- 
ceived bj^ him, and hence when his decisions are reached, he is firm in seeing them executed. 

Soon after the firm of Joy & Porter was formed it became the attorneys for the old Bank of Michigan, 
this at the time being the only bank in the Northwest of recognized credit with Eastern banks and capi- 
talists, lience their relation to it gave the firm an extended and lucrative practice. Mr. Joy, as the legal 
head of the firm, was the leading and confidential counsel of ilessrs. Dwight, who were the principal own- 
ers of this bank, and of others in New York, Boston, Cleveland, and S])ringfield, ]Mass. From 1837 to 
1847, and when, owing to a combination of circumstances, the old Bank of Michigan became insolvent, 
Mr. Joy, in the complications incident, bad occasion to meet in the courts a.nd elsewhere the most gifted 
and distinguished minds in the nation. 

As a practitioner before the the Federal and State Courts, Jlr. Joy is recognized as the peer of any. 
Among the important cases is that of Bates vs. the Illinois Central Railway Company, involving the pres- 
ent site of its own and that of the ^lichigan Central Eaili'oad depot gi-ounds at Chicago. Against him in 
this ca.se were John A. Mills and Mathew McLean. The issue was favoi-able to ^Ir. Joy. 

In 1840 Mr. Joy first became connected with the Michigan Central Railroad, and was instrumental in 
inducing Boston capitalists to purchase it from the State. From that period to the pj-e.sent he has bec-n 
identified with the railway interests of Michigan, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Nebraska and ("anada. He was 
the projector of the Chicago, Burling-tou and Quincy system, which, cros.sing the States of Illinois and 
Iowa, and spanning the Mississij)pi River at Quincy and the ilissouri at Kansas City, made its connection 
with the Hannibal & St. Joseph Railroad, thence extending a branch to Ft. Kearney, Nebra.ska, and Ft. 
Scott, Indian Territory-, established a continuous line from Detroit to those points. The Hannibal & St. 
Joseph Raili'oad was extended Ijy him to Kansas City, and the first iron bi'idge was built at that place; he 
built also the Kansas City, Fort Scott & Gulf Railroad from Kansas City to the Indian Territor3% and the 
Kansas City, St. Joseph & Council Bluffs from Kansas City to Council Bluffs. 

The following ai-e among the ^Michigan roads built l)y him or nndcM- his management : " Detroit, Lan- 
sing & Northern," "Detroit & Bay City," "Air Line," "Jackson, Lansing & Saginaw," "Chicago & West 
Michigan," "Kalamazoo & South Haven," and "Wabash." He is at present pr(\sii!ent of the Deti-oit 
Fnion Depot Comi)any, and is the author of and planned the new Fnion Depot building, costing over two 
million dollars, now in process of construction. 

Fi-oni 1840 to the present time Mr. Joy has been the chief lactoi- in the construction of 2.210 miles of 
railway in Michigan, and the chief promoter in over 0,O(KI miles of railway dii-ectly connecting with and 
entering Dc^troit from other States. 

Kind Providence has i)ermitted Mr. Joy to live and contemplate tlie changes which have taken place 
through his in.strumentality ; to view the forests disappear, (he cities built, the great highways con- 
structed, the mountains leveled, the progress of art, 1he a<lvance of learning, and the increa.se of an int(>l- 
ligent population. In all of these great changes, hot h physical and moral, present and future generations 
must recognize him as the prominent factor. 



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BY RON GREEN. 



\VM. W. IIAN'XAX. 




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JOHN M. BREWER. 



THOMAS B. GOODWILLIE. 



ILLUSTRATED DETROIT 87 

Tho IIoii. Clias. I. Walker, editor of EiU'ly Detroit, i.s ix native of 1lie State of New York, and was l.orii 
at Hiitteniut, Otsego coiinly, Ajii-il 25, 1814. 

The pill )lic sehools afforded the facilities for acquiring the knowledge fitting him for the occupation, 
and at the age of sixteen he became a teacher. Subsequently he engaged in the mercantile business Iln 
cariie to ^lichigan first in 183G, as the agent of parties owning Western lands, and in the fall of that year 
was elected member of the convention, held at Ann Arbor, pursuant to the Act of Congi'ess, providing for 
fixing the boundaries, pending the admission of the Territory of Michigan as a State. 

In 1837 he became owner and editor of tlie Grand River Tiiiios. In 1838 he was elected a Justice of 
the Tcace and also began reading law in the office of the late Chief Justice Martin. After serving as a 
member of the Legislature, to whicli he was elected in 1840, he removed to Brattleboro, Vt., in 1841, 
where he completed his law studies and was admitted to the bar in 1842. lie followed the jiracticc^ of his 
l)rofession in Vermont until IS.jI, when he removed to Detroit, where lie has since resid(>d. On the death 
of Judge B. F. H. Witherell, Governor Crapo appointed him Circuit Judge of Wayne county, which posi- 
tion he resigned in 18G8 and resumed his practice, which he has since continued with marked success. 
Meanwhile he has held several important public positions in the State: Member of the Boai-d of Educa- 
tion, and Professor in the law department of the State University; as one of the Commissioners a])- 
iiointed by Governor Baldwin "to visit tlie penal and reformatoiy institutions of other States, and ex- 
amine the hiws by which they were governed," liis report thereon furnished the basis for the enactment 
of the laws which have proven so salutary and beneficent in their application to the charitable, penal and 
i-eformatory institutions of ^Michigan. Twice has he representi'd the State Board of Charities in the Na- 
tional Prison Reform Conventions, at Baltimore in 1872 and St. Louis in 1874. As a student of the early 
history of the Northwest, liis papers read and published thereon have constituted him as standard 
authority on all questions relating to its settlement. 

Among the papers prepared by him are "The Northwest during the Revolutionary War," "The Civil 
Administration of General Hull," " Early Jesuits of Michigan, and De La Motte Cadillac," are evidences 
of i-josc and ca'^eful research. 

The publishers of "Illustrated Detroit" may well congratulate their good fortune in being able to se- 
cure Judge Walker as editor of " Early Detroit." 

Judge Vralker's reputation as a lawyer is not confined to ^lichigan. lie is justly recognized bv the 
liar of otiier States, as well as that of his own, as the peer of any. for his jn-ofound knowledge and appli- 
caiion of the laws of jurisprudence, relating to moral obligation. 

Ill his ]uiblic and private life we find the impress of Quaker an(;estry practically demonstrated by the 
eonsi ientious discliarge of all moral and religious obligations. F. (\ 

Theodore H. Hinchmau, now the oldest living wholesale druggist in Detroit, and tlie author of the ar- 
ticle oil banking in Detroit, is of Welch ancestry and was born in Morris county. New Jersey, March (5, 
1818. At the age of seven he removed with his parents to the city of New York, where he attended the 
public schools until reaching the age of thirteen, when he was placed in a retail drug store, where he re- 
mained a year, and then obtained a situation in the wholesale grocery house of Johnson & Sons. He con- 
I iiiued with this firm four years, meanwhile improving his leisure in ac(]uiring a knowledge of books from 
the ^lercantile Libraiy Association, of which he was a member. While a, salesman in the grocery house 
referred to, he made the acquaintance of the Hon. John Owen, which led to a proposition from the latter 
to come West and take a situation in the house of Chapin & Owen. This proposition he accejited in tlu> 
spring of 1836, and from that time until the present has been a citizen of Detroit. lie continued with this 
firm as a clerk until March, 1842, when, on the death of the senior member, he became a partner, and from 
that ]i(M-iod until 1853 the house of John Owen & Co. was well and favorably known throiigliout the East 
and ^^'est. In the latter year, Mr. Owen retiring, the firm became T. II. Iliiichman it Co. until 18(18, when 
it succeeded to its present name of T. H. Hinchman & Sons. Mr. Hinchnmii is juesident ot the Merchants' 
and Manufacturers" National Bank, which position he has held since its organization (in 18(JU). At differ- 
ent [leriods Mr. Hinchman has s;'rved the public as follows: From 1839 to 18(32 as member of the Fii-e 
Department; from 1855 to 18G0, Sewer Commissioner; from 18(57 to 187'.), member of the Hoard of Fire 
Commissioners; State Senator, 187(5; president of the ]\Iei-chants' Exdiange from 1878 to iHSij; memb(»r 
of the I'oard of Control of the State Industrial School, and appointed by Governor Al,i;-ei- a. member of 
the Senior Centennial Commission. Mr. Hinchman is the author of t he work enl itled, " Hanks and I'.aiik- 
ing in Jlichigan," with historical sketches of the bankers and copious I'Xtracts from the b;inkiiig laws of 
the State and Nation. This work should be u])on the desic of every busini^ss man in the State, if they 
would understand the obligations of (he li.iiikers to tlie public, and r/c vi'i:s,i, of (he people to the banks. 

Alfred Rnssel, author of the Legal Histor.y of Detroit, distinguished for literary ability and legal learn- 
ing, is a lineal dcscendeut of Captain John Rusael, killed at the seige of Fort William Henry in 1757, and 








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S'l'AR ISLAND— SHOWING HOTEL AND SURROUNDINGS. 
James Slocum, proprietor. 



ILLUSTRATED DETROIT. 89 

of Mooro Russel, prniiiinnit as a member of the Governor's Council of Now Hniiipshiro for many years, 
and on the maternal side his ancestois were kinsmen to the family of Daniel Webster. Mr. Russel is a na- 
tive of New Hampshire. Aftei- a preparatory course in the schools of his native town, he entered Dart- 
month College and received therefrom his literary degrees in ISoO, and then spent two years at the Har- 
vard Law School. In 1852 he located in Detroit, where he has since resided and continuously pu!-sued 
the practice of his profession. Mr. Russel is recognized by the members of the bar of Detroit, by the legal 
profession of Jlichigan, and in other States East and West, as the peer of any practitioner before the 
State Courts, the United States Supreme and District Courts. In 1861 President Lincoln appointed him 
United States District Attorney. He held this position eight years, during which he act]nired a nntionjd 
reputation for legal acumen in the construction and application of the principles of Federal law, as be- 
tween the general government, the States, and the general public, and a recognition for his interpretation 
of the principles of international law by the English, French and German Courts. It was during the Inte 
Civil war that Secret ar^\- Seward gave him special power aiid duties to perform which called foi- the exer- 
cise of and demonstrated his ability to cope with and successfully establish the principles which should 
govern questions between nations, when another is involved in domestic difficulties, and the responsibility 
of the foreign government which permitted the formation within its tei-ritory of warlike bands, to raid 
and destroy property of a nation with which it professed friendly relations. Among some of the results 
achieved by Mr. Russel during the discussion of these questions was the expulsion from Canada of the 
agents of the Confederate government, the extradition of the Southern refugees who sought the capture 
of the United States steamer Michigan, and the theory upon which the Alabama claims were subsequently 
adjusted by the General Commissioners. In the numerous cases brought by ]\Ir. Russel before it, the Su- 
preme Court of the United States has ever treated his arguments with marked deference. On one occasion 
the writer was present when, at the close of a long argument, the Chief Justice adjourned court and, shak- 
ing the hand of Mr. Russel, complimented him for his "masterly effort." Whether in or out of court, Mr. 
Russel is the dignified, polite and courteous gentleman, and is regarded as one of the most scholarl3' and 
learned lawyers in the State. Socially and intellectually, Mr. Russel is held in high esteem, not only bj- the 
citizens of Detroit and Michigan, but by the cultured and refined of the States, East and West. His ef- 
forts outside of his j)rofession have received the most flattei'ing comments. His oration at the dedication 
of the City Hall, Julj- 4, 1871, and prior, his address at the commencement exercises of the University of 
Michigan, during the presidency of the Rev. Dr. Tappan, together with that delivered in 1878 at the com- 
mencement of Dartmouth Coll(>ge, his subject being, "Some eff(>cts of the growth of cities upon our ])oliti- 
cal system," were favorably criticised by the press, and largely (]uoted by the literary magazines of this 
and foreign countries. 

Professor Edward W. Jenks, M. D., LL. D., of Detroit, one of the editors of the Medical History of De- 
troit, has demonstrated, and his life thus far illustrates, that^ "Wealth cannot insure success; genius can- 
not command it; it is to be attained, and comes not as a naturid gift." Di'. .T(>nks was born in Yictoi-ia, 
Ontario county. New York, in 1833. His parents were New England ])oi-n, and Ids father, Nathan Jenks, 
who was of Quaker descent, was for main- years a leading merchant in that town. When the doctor was 
about ten years old his father made large ])urcliases of land in Northern Indiana and Southern ^fichigan, 
and in 1813 removed his family to Indiana, locating in La Grange county, where he immediately proceeded 
to lay out a village, which he named Ontario, where he founded and endowed the La Grange Collegiate In- 
stitute, which suljsequently attained an enviable reputation in Indiana and adjoining States. The Doctoi- 
was one of the early students of the school, and there acquired the rudiments of practical education. 
Later he came under the tutelage of private instructors. After some serious thought and investigation 
he decided that a medical life was his avocation. Accordingly, returning to his native State, he entered 
the medical department of the University, where he pursued the study of the different blanches of medical 
science under the instruction of such eminent nuMi as Drs. James R. Wood and William Darling. Refore 
completing his course, failing health conq)elle(l him to withdraw from the university. Sub.se(]uently he at- 
tended Castleton Medical College, of Vermont, where he came under the excellent tutelage of Dr. Corydon 
L. Ford, now of Michigan University. After graduating, he returned to Indiana and began the jiractice 
of his profession. Later he removed to Warsaw, New York. In the fall of 1803 he again went to New 
\"ork. The distinguished surgeon, Dr. Wood, his former preceptor, was then connected with Bellevue Hos- 
pital College. He thei-efore preferred to attend there instead of re-entering the University, and in ISdl 
received the <-K7cf//K/cz;j degnv'. He at onc(> i-ein(jved to Detroit, wliere he has attained prominence as a 
skilled practitioner in all the lines of his profession, but more particularly in the diseases of women. His 
reputation is not aloneconfined to the narrow limits of one city, or even one State, and soon after locating 
in Detroit he was elected to the chair of surgical diseases of women in Rowdcn'n College, Maine, whi'h 
work he carried on in connection with his practice in Detroit. He soon found it to be too great an under- 






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ILLUSTRATED DETROIT 91 

takinfi;, owinfi; to tlio distance of the college from Detroit, and in 1875 he resigned the chair. lie was one 
of the founders and for four years a member of the editorial staff of the Detroit Review of Medicine, which 
was the j^redecessor of th(> Ainencnn Liiiwet, and first president uf the Detroit Mcdicn] ("oljcgc, founded in 
18G8. In addition to his numerous other duties, he served the Michigan Central llaili-oad Company as 
surgeon-in-chief for many years. In 1879 Dr. Jenks resigned the vai'ious positions he occupied in Detroit, 
and removed to Chicago to fill the chair of surgical and medical diseases of women in the Ciiicago Medical 
College, made vacant b^' the I'esignation of Dr. B^ibrd. The selection of Di-. Jenks for this vactuu-y from 
among the gynecological surgeons of America conferred an honoi- upon him to wliicli he is justly entitled. 
The climate of Chicago proving injurious to himself and his fainily, comjiciled a, I'esigimtion of his officjjil 
positions and a rotui'u to Detroit, where the atmosphere was moi-e congenial. TTpon retu7-ni7ig to Detrtnt 
he soon resumed his place in the front rank of the medical practitioners of the city. His contributions to 
professional literature ha v(Mvon for him an exalted })osition in the estinmtion and c(jnfidt:nce of liis ])ro- 
fessional brethren thioughont the civilized world, and have been e.vtensively cojjied l)y the uK^dical jour- 
7ials of Europe and America. He is an honorary member of the < >liio State Me(]ical Society, the Maine 
^ledical Association, the T(jledo Medical Society, the Cincinnati Obstetrical Society, the Northwestern 
Medical Society of Ohio, and the Northwestern Medical Society of Indiana ; active member of the Detroit 
Academy of iledicine, the Detroit Gynecological Society; of the (Jyuecological Society of Boston ; a fellow 
of the Ob.steti'ical Society of London, England; one of the f(Jund(M's of the American Gynecological Society, 
and has been honored most where best known, the Albion College conferring u])on him the degree of 
Ui. D. The success he has won, and the high repute in which lie is lield in the medical woild, are the best 
])os.sible proofs of the wisdom of his early choice, and that he has followed the paths nature had designed 
for him. 

Henr^' V. Baldwin, a Governor of and snbse(inently representing Michigan in the Senate of the United 
States, both on the paternal and maternal side is descended from the Puritans of the seventeenth centui-y, his 
paternal ancestor being Nathaniel Baldwin, who emigrated from Buckinghamshire, England, in 1040, and 
on the maternal side from Robert Williams, who settled in Roxbury, Mass., in 1G38. With such anteced- 
ents, representing all that make and endxxly the ])iincii)les which the Ci'cator designed nnrn should dem- 
onstrate, it is not strange that Henry V. Baldwin for fifty-four years should exercise a controlling infiu- 
ence in the affairs of the City of Detroit, as well as the State of Michigan ; that he should so shape them 
that both should be recognized in the moi-al, educational and financial world as the peer of any on the 
continent. Henry P. Baldwin was born Februai-y 22, 1814, at Coventry, Rhode Island, where he received 
the preliminary education fitting him for the practical work which he has so successfully performed, and in 
which he has so distingnisheil himself later in life. The city of D(^tr{)it is greatly indebted to him for its 
financial and commercial standing, and the State for the moral, educational and industrial enterjjrises 
which he has oi-iginated, established and fostered. He first came to Detroit in the year 1 837, and the year 
following established the house of H. I'. I'aldwin & Co., and from that time to the present his name has 
been intimately associated with every enterprise of a public nature, for promoting the growth of Ihe State 
and its metropolis. His business transactions have been large and extended and so conducted as to cause 
few complaints from the thousands with whom they have been had. He was a dii-ectoi- in the Michigan 
State Bank until its charter expired, and the president of the Second National Bank during the term of 
its charter, and on its reorganization as the present "Detroit National," he served in the same capacity 
until very recently ill-health comjielled him to I'etire. As a public man Governor Baldwin served in the 
State Senate in 18G1-2; was chairman of Finance Committee, and on the joint committee to investigate 
the office and acts of the State Treasui-er ; also a member of the Senate Committee on banks and corpora- 
tions. He was elected Governor in 18(58, and re-elected in 1870, serving two terms. Among the impoi-t- 
ant measures initiated by him as Governor was the establishment of the State public school for dependi^it 
children, the Eastern Insane Asylum, the State House of Correction and the organization of the State 
Board of Health. During his administration occurred the devastating fii-es of Chicago and the North- 
west. His prompt, enei-getic,and efficient action in inaugurating means and measures toward relievingthe 
suiferers, excited the praise and commendation of the charitable throughout the United States and the 
lasting gratitude of the recipients of his ben(>volent efforts. He succeedeil Z. Chandler as United States 
Senator, and during his term as such he introduced a bill making an appropriation for the erection of the 
Federal building now in course of construction. He was also the author of several imijortant bills for tlie 
better regulation of National Banks. Since his retirement from the United States Senate he lias helil no 
public office, but he never failed to respond to the call of party obligations. 

Divie Bethune Duffield was born at Carlisle, Pennsylvania, August 2\). Us21, and died at Detroit, 
Michigan, April 13, 1891. 

The lineage on both sides was of the besi , as we estimate the value of liiie;ige in America. His great- 
gi-andfather, the Reverend Geoi-ge Duffield, 1 ).!)., of Philadelphia, held high lank in the Presbyterian 



^•s-J 





RESIDKNCK OF GEO. \V. SNOVER. 



KIM DIM. I, I )l L.I III I. I,.\1A.N. 





RESIDENCE OF II. W. LAKE. 



RESIHENCE OF G. L. WALKER. 



ILLUSTRATED DETROIT. 93 

cliurch of his tiino, both as a literary man and as a theolooian. He was also a lender in the patriotic 
tiiought of the Kevolutionary ]icriod, and served as one of the chaplains of the first Continental Congress. 
Ilis grandfather, Hon. Thomas Duffield, was a prominent merchant of Philadelphia, and held the 
rcsponsiljle jjost of State Comijtrollcr General under the administration of Governor M( Ivean. Ilis lather, 
tile llevereiid George Duffield, D. D., was 8 very distinguished divine in the Presbyterian Clmicli, and 
exerted great influence in the councils of that important body. He was the pastor of tlie cliurch at 
Carlisle at the time of the birth of the subject of this memoir, and continued in that charge until about 
1835, when he accepted a call to Piiiladelphia, and a year or two later one to Mew York City. In 1838 Ik; 
became the pastor of the First Presbyterian Church at Detroit, then the most influential religious society 
in Micliigan. He was a comprehensive scholar, a learned theologian, and a devoted pastor. In this 
he continued until stricken down, while in the actual services of the pulpit, in 18(57. 

On his mother's side, ^Mr. Duffield's ancestry was hardly less distinguished. His grandmother, Isabella- 
Graham, was eminent alike in Scotland and in the United States for piety and intellectual gifts. Slie 
became the wife of Divie Bethune, of New York City, a leading merchant of his time; one of their children 
was the late Revei'end Doctor George W. Bethune, widely known and everywhere admired for liis eloipience 
and his brilliant social qualities. Another child was a daughter, Isabella Graham Bethune, the .sainted 
mother of the subject of this sketch. As a young lady, Miss Bethune is said to have had unusnal personal 
cliarms, as could well be believed by those who knew her later in life. In addition to this, she was witty 
and lively in conversation, of attractive manners, of a sweet and synii)athetic disposition, and, as might 
be expected with such gifts, was the bright center of every company she entered. Tliis young lady became 
the wife of the Reverend Doctor George Duffield. A large and distinguished family blessed this union. 

With such blood in his veins, an ignoble or unfruitful life was hardly jio.ssible to Divie Bethune Duffield. 
From his earliest years ho gave high promises. He showed great ajititude forlanguages and polite literature. 
It is said that at the early age of twelve years he might have entered Dickinson College, then a flourishing 
institution at Carlisle, had he not been exclude<l by his immature years. That he was thus debarred fjom 
entering college cannot be regretted, for it enabled him to enlarge and confirm his studies at Philadeljihia. 
In 1830 he entered Yale College, where, howevei-, he did not complete the full course, by reason of impaired 
health, but aftei-wards received, unsolicited, from Yale, his diploma, together with the degree of A. B. In 
1839 he came to Detroit, where, as we have seen, his eminent father was already settled. Henow seems to 
have made up his mind for the profession of law. He entered the office of Bates & Talbot, then a very 
])roniinent law firm. Later he pursued his law studies by taking the two years law course at Yale, and 
finally he supplemented his other studies by a six months' course in Union Theological Seminary at New 
York- In every place he had shown the same fondness for study, and the same facility in the acquisition 
of knowledge which had marked his eai-lier years. 

Thus he became thoroughly ecjuipped for practical work. He returned to Detroit in 18J3, and was 
admitted to the bar. In the spring following he formed a partnershi]) with George V. N. Lothrop and 
entered into active practice. For the next twelve years the firm of Lothrojj & Duffield was a well known 
one at the Detroit bar, and had a reasonable share of success. 

Few men became better oi- more favorably known in Deti'oit than Mr. Duffield. His manners were 
simple and agreeable, his conversation was natural and amusing and enlivened by a happy faculty of 
recounting whatevei- he saw or heard. His society was therefore always sought, aud was always welcome. 
Hewas easy of approach, and the poor, needy and unfortunate always found in him a .sympathizing friend 
and counsellor. His purity of character and his love for what was just and true was universally recog- 
nized. Therefore his hand and influence were soon felt in matters of ]niblic welfare. His methods were 
usually temperate, conciliatory and jwrsuasive. But this was sometimes changed. When he thought 
great dangei's were in peril, when the i-ight as he saw it, became wickedly assailed, the old fighting Coven- 
anter blood would flame u]). as it did in his ancestors, and then it was battle to the death. 

A striking instance of his indominable courage was shown in the fight on the proiiiiiition (luestion. 
Mr. Duffield was an inflexible temperance man. He was a total ab.stainer. But there sjiiaiig iqi a difler- 
ance among temperance men, as to the manner to be pursued for the su])))i'ession of the evil. Some men 
were for absolute ]irohibition; others were for high taxation and strict regulation. The extremi.sts were 
uncomjuomising and disposed to make the question a religious one. Probably a majority of Mr. 
Duffield's co-religioni.sts were of this ojiinion. But Mr. Duffield had more wisely studieil the que.'^tion. He 
had studied it in th(» light of legal ])rinciples and of his legal experience. He knew that prohibition over 
shot the mark. His mind was made up, he plunged with his whole soul into the fight, and his blows backed 
by his weight of character, were among the most effective delivered in tlie struggle. He was successful 
aud he was I'ight. Fxiierience both befoi-e and since sustains him. In 1S.")3 he married <a most excellent 
and amiable hidy. Miss MaryS. Buell, of Rochester, New York. Mr. Duffield's tastes were strongly domestic 
and this union greatly jiromoted his happiness. Three children were boin lo them, two of whom Dr. 





FRANK C, ANIIREWS. 



\V (^ Hi;XT. 



IDHN W. I.F.r.CETT. 




PHII.UP SANDKRSON. 



HOMF.R WARRF.N. 



RllFUS N. CROSSMAN. 



ILLUSTRATED DETROIT. 95 

Georjrp DufRolfl and Bptluine Dnffield are well known citizens of Detroit. In religious belief, Mr. Duffield 
was a steadfast n.ud earnest Presbyterian, as were all his ancestors, bnt lie was tolerant in matters of faith 
and conscienc^e, and among his warmest friends he numbered many who did not share his speculative 
views. It would take too much space to enumerate all his public work, but it will sufficH" to mention that 
he was the almost perpetual secretary of the old bar, an active worker in organizing Harper Hospital, 
long a member of the school board, one of its buildings bearing his name, and a member of the State 
board of railroad control. He held a ready pen and was often heard through the ])nblic pi-ess. His 
poetical genius faii'ly entitled him to the name of poet. His mind did not teniijt liim to ambitious themes, 
but it was always pui-e, refined, winning and helpful. He used verse to consecrate his friendships, his joys, 
his convictions and his hopes. He was often called upon at local celebrations, and some of his post- 
prandial verse was especially bright with refined humor and delightful sentiment. Late in life he felt that 
his work was nearly done, he gathei-ed many of his poems into a pleasant volume entitled, " Stray Songs 
of Life," which his many friends and admirers cherish as a valuable legacy. Perhaps there is no personal 
gift to men in society so charming as the power of conversation. Mr. Duffield was richly endowed with 
this gift. His talk was singularly attractive and interesting. There ran through it a vein of refined 
humor, and it always seemed without effort or ostentation. It seemed as if he saw events by a light all 
his own, which transformed the commonest affairs into things rich and rare. His mother had tliLs "ift 
also in a high degree. Mr. DufHeld's death was sudden and unexpected. His health during the winter had 
seemed better than usual. Nor, when he became ill, was any serious ap]n-ehension felt. He was ill bnt a 
few days. Happily he suffered but little pain. His disease seemed greatly to lull his senses and faculties to 
rest, so that he passed away as if to sleep. His life was fragrant with good deeds and the inspiration of a 
good example ennobles his memory. 

Among the members of the Detroit bar who by force of character have established a reputation for 
legal ability and political sagacity, Don M. Dickinson exerts an influence felt and recognized not only by 
the people of his own city and State, bnt by those of all the States of the Union. He belongs to an 
ancestry closely identified and prominent in the history of New England, New York and Pennsylvania, as 
patriots, educators, statesmen, judges and lawyers. With such antecedents it is not strange that inherit- 
ing many of the qualities which have made the family name historic, h(> should in his own ])erson perpet- 
uate them, and thus acquire that distinction for which they were so justly entitled to. Don M. Dickinson 
Avas born at Port Ontario, Oswego County, New York, January 17th, 1846, and brought to Michigan by 
his parents in 1.S4S. His father, Colonel Asa Dickinson, had previously (in 1820) explored the shores of 
Lake Erie, Huron ami Michigan in a canoe, and was so impressed with the future of the Peninsular State 
that he determined to make it his future home, and although twenty-eight years elapsed before being able 
to gratifv his desir(>, he at the ])eriod refeired to removed from New York and settled at St. Clair, where 
the subject of this sketch received his primary education and early impressions, which, as they wej-e prac- 
ticed and developed by liim in subsequent life, have endeared him to the people of Michigan, and made him 
wai-m friends among the eminent men of other States. From the schools of St. Clair he came to Deti-oit 
passing through its public and high school, aiid after one year's private instruction in the classics he 
entered the law department of the University of Michigan, graduating therefrom before he was twenty-one 
years of age. Not being eligible on account of his age for admission to the bar, he spent the intervening 
time studying the philosophy and logic of law as practically applied in the management of cases, and on 
reaching his majority (in 1867) was admitted and at once entered upon a large and lucrative practice, 
embracing a clientele in various States, iTivolving interests within the jurisdiction of foreign as well as the 
higher courts of our own country. The following are among the most notable before the United States 
Supreme Court : "The great telephone case, in which he had Senator Edmunds for his associate for Draw- 
baugh." "TheSchott & Forbish case, involving a conflict between the jurisdiction of the Federal and 
State courts ; State jurisdiction sustained, after a conflict of seven years." " Pewabic .Mining Conqiany," 
involving the validity of the " Coi'i^oration Reorganization Act," of Michigan, and reversing Justice 
Mathews' decision on the liability of directors after dissolution. '• Hammond & Co. vs. Hastings, 
reversing the decision of Judge Greshani." Among those in the Federal and State Courts are: "The Lake 
Superior Ship Canal Com])any." "Ward will case," "Campau will case," and "the Johnson will ease." In 
1872 Mr. Dickinson first took an active part in politics, as .secivtary of the Democi-atic State Central 
Committee. Th(> efficient service rendered by him in this capacity led to his choice as the leader of the 
young Democracy, and gave him a national reputation. Subsequently chosen as a member of the Na- 
tional Democratic Committee, the zeal, activity and re-organizing ability disjjlayed by him so impressed 
President Cleveland that immediately u]Km his inauguration he appointed ^Ii-. Dickinson to the office of 
Postmaster General. This appointment was hailed by all citizens of Michigan, irrespective of partv 
affiliations, as a compliment to the State, and was nmde the occasion of a ]>ublii- demonstration in which 
all classes took i)art in doing honor to Mr. Dickinson, and commending the President foi' his choice. Mr. 




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ILL US TRA TED DE TR OI T. 



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Dickinson, as a ma,n,repi-('sonts llic tnn' Anicric an, a man of nerve, will power, nionlding rather than beinp; 
moulded, originatinji,' tliou.iilits, ci-eatin,!;' circunistances bv whieli to pi-opel men, inipressin,<;- tlieni witli liis 
own ideas of successful progi-ess in any undertaking he might engage in. As a lawyer, he is true t(j iiis 
clients, 7iiaking their cause his own, never abatiug iu effort or interest whether they be wealthy or poor, 
high or low. and with his brethren at the bar he is recognized, whether as associate or oi)]ionent, as a 
courteous gentleman and an ai)le and honorable advocate. As a citizen, he is interested iu every enterprise 
to promote the comfort of the ])eo]ile, the adornment of the city, and the welfare of the State and nation. 
Patriotism is a. part of his i-eligion : he knows the worth of human liberty, and believes the United States 
are a peculiar heritage of freedom. 

William C. Maybui-y, attoi'uey and counselor at law, furnishes an example of what a, proper use of th(! 
natural gifts cultivated by habits of industry and close application w-ill accomijlish, and is worthy of 
imitation by all young men who will improve the talents and powers with which God has endowed them, 
in making for themselves positions of honor and ti-ust iu their own community, and a reputation standing 
recognized in larger circles as the peer of the distinguished and eminent men of the nation. Mr. Maybury 
was born in Detroit, November 21st, 1849, where his early education was acquired at the public schools. 
He ])repared for college at Detroit High School, .ifter graduating from it he entered the University of 
Micliigau in 188G, and taking his degree in the literary department entered the law branch of the 
university. In 1872 received his degrees of A. B. and M. A. He was admitted to the bar, however, in 
1871, prior to receiving the degrees named. Immediately after his admission he foi-med a partnership with 
E. F. Conley. In 1875 he was elected city attoiney and served as such for four years, when in 1880 he 
was nominated for Congress, but defeated. In 1882 he was renominated and elected and re-elected in 
1884, serving during the 48th session of Congress ou the Judiciary Committee, and in the 49tli, on the 
Committee of Ways and Jleans. In 1881, he became a meii'.ber of the firm of Conley, Maybury & Lucking. 
His relations with them still continue. As a citizen, Mr. Maybury is alive to all movements tending to 
advance educational intere.sts, the adorniuent of the city of his birth, and in promoting all industrial entei"- 
prises. He is professor of iMedical Juris]u-udence in the Detroit Medical College, which is greatly indebted 
to him foi- its present substantial rejnitation. His efforts in securing appropriations for the new Federal 
building audits location between Fort street and Lafayette should be recoginized, and are appreciated 
1)3' his fellow citizens. He is president of the Detroit Motor Company, vice-president of the Home Savings 
Bank, and director of a uumbei' of other mauufactiuing corporations. Personally Mi-. Maybury is kind 
and courteous, full of sym]iathy for the unfortunate. He is a prominent and active member of the 
E]uscopal Church; past commander of the Knights Templar, and a 33 degree member of the Masonic 
order. As a lawyer he enjoys the respect of the courts, as well as that of his fellow memljers of the bar. 

Edward W. Peudleton, secretary of the Detroit Bar Association, is a native of the State of Maine, 
whore he was born in the year 1849, and where he received his early education, including a classical course 
at Gorham Academy in that State; was a student at Bowdoin College for two years, entered the State 
University of Michigan, and graduated therefrom, iu 1872. He served as superintendent of the public 
schools at Owosso, and pursued his legal studies at the university law school and in the office of Hon. C. I. 
Walker; was admitted to the bar in 1876, and immediately established himself in the practice of his 
profession. Mr. Peudleton has made a specialty' of that branch of law relating to the management of 
estates and cases in chancery, in wdiich he has gained much eminence as an equity lawyer. Personally, Mr. 
Pendleton is genial, frank, and cordial iu manner, impi'essing one as possessing a high sense of honor, 
public spirited, a cultivated taste for literature, a logical, legal mind, which combined with a peculiai' 
business sagacity, enables him to practically utilize his knowledge of law. 

George Van Ness Lothrop, late Minister Plenipotentiary to the Court of Russia, is a native of 
Massachusetts, and was born at Ea.ston, Bristol County, August 8tli, 1817. His eai-ly boyhood was 
spent u])on his father's farm, recei\'ing his jii-eparatory education at Day's Academy. He was admitted 
to the Freshman Cla.ss of Amherst College, where he pursued his literary studies for a year, and in is:5.") 
eutei'ed the Sophomore^ Class in Bi-own's University, from which he gi'aduated in 1838, and immediately 
thereafter |>rosecnted his law studies under the instruction of Judge Story and Professor (ireenleaf, at 
Harvai-d University. Impaii'ed health, however, intervened to prevent his taking the full cour.se at that 
institution, and in the autuinn of 1839 he came to ilichigan, making his home with his bi-othei-, the Hon. 
Ivlwin H. Lothro]), at Kalamazoo, jiui'suing farming as a means foi' restoring his physical powers. 
Kecovering, lie jiursued his law studies with Messrs. Joy & Porter at Detroit, and in 1843 was admitted to 
the bar, and at once entered into active jn-actice with the late D. Bethune Duftield, after which jieriod the 
law fii-m of" Lothroj) iV; Duffield " became a synonym foi- legal acumen by its professional contenqjoraries, 
bylhe courts, as entitled to res])ectl'nl consideration upon any ))i-inci|)le of law or e(|uity presented by 
either of its members, ami by its clieiilele as a safe repository foi- any interest submitted by them for its 




MICHIGAN MILITARY ACADEMY, ORCHARD LAKE, MICHIGAN. 



ILLUSTRATED DETROIT. 55 

adjustmont. Tn 184S, tlio Attorney Genoial, Edward Mnndy, having resigned, Mr. Lothrop arrf-ptod tlic 
appointnient a.s liiw .succi ssor, and continued to serve as such until his resignation, in 1851, to accept tlw 
nomination for the office of Recorder, to which position he was subsequently elected. This was the firsi 
]iul)lic position held by him under the city government. Mr. Lothrop has several times received the votes 
of his ])aity, in the Legislature, for United States Senator, and also the expression of his political friends— 
nominatiug him for Congress. He was elected a member of the Constitutional Convention of ISOT, nnd 
was also appointed by Governor Bagley a member of the Legislative Couventiou of 1873, wliicii hr 
declined. For nearly thirty years Mr. Lothrop was the general solicitor for the ^Michigan Central Railroad 
Company. It will thus be seen that his professional life has been an active one. The IMichigan rejiorts 
from the organization of the jircsent Supreme Court (from 1844to 1884) are full of cases represented by him 
as counsel, or by the flrui of Lothrop & Duffield. As a political leader, Mr. Lothrop has served his parts- 
honorably and wisely. He was a member of the Democratic National Convention of ISGO, and sei'ved 
upon the committee on resolutions, which sat for over a week, and considered the questions which involved 
asepa,i-a,tion between the North and South. Mr. Lothrop stood with the Douglas wing, or constitutional 
representation of the Democratic party. In May, 1885, he was ap])ointed by President Cleveland ^linister 
rienipotentiary to the Court of Russia. After a service of three years, finding the cHmate of St. Petersburg- 
preying upon his ])hy.sical health, he resigned his post and returned to Detroit in the autumn of 1888. He 
has not resumed the active practice of his profession since his return. 

Hon. Edward Carey Walker, one of the most eminent and leading attorneys of the Detroit bar, is a 
native of the State of New York, born July 4, 1820, received his academic education under the private 
instruction of Professor Ziuas Moise and Nathau Bishop and studied civil engineering with Wm. J. 
McAlpine, resident engineer of Chenango Canal, until a serious accident prevented him from continuing in 
the field work, causing him to abandon his original intention of "making civil engineering his avocation," 
inducing him to adopt that of the law. He therefore preliminarily commenced his cour.se of study under 
C.W. Fitch, D. D., then principal of Branch University, who prepared him to enter the Junior Class in Yale 
College, from which he graduated in 1842 in the same class with Professor James Hadley and J. A. Porter, 
and at once entered the law office of Messrs. Joy & Porter, of Detroit. He remained with this firm three 
years, with the exception of about one year spent under the tutorship of Judge Story at Cambridge. 
.\mong his classmates at Cambridge were the Hons. Anson Burlingame and Rutherford B. Hayes. He was 
admitted to the bai" in 1845, and from that period to the present he has been in the active practice of his 
profession and has had from time to time as his associates the Hon. Chas. I. Walker (his brother), Hon. 
.Vlfi-ed Russel and Hon. Chas. I. Kent. At the piesent time he has a ]iartner in his son, Bryant C. Walkei-, 
constituting the firm of Walker & Walker. Although Mr. Walker in religious matters was born of Quaker 
parents, he in early manhood united with the Presbyterian Church and has been an active member of 
the Fort Street Church during his I'esidence in Detroit. As a citizen he is ardent in promoting educational 
and charitable enterprises and has been largely interested in several manufacturing industries. As a 
public man he was for years secretary of the Board of Education and was elected Regent of the State 
University, first in 18G3 and again in 1 881. He also served as a member of the State Legislature during 
the years 18G7-8, and was chairman of the House Judiciary Committee, and in 1854 was a member of the 
committee appointed in Detroit for the preliminery inception of the Massachusetts convention at Jackson 
which gave birth to the Republican party. As a. lawyer '\\v. Walk(M- is recognized as leading authority on 
(|ucstions of titles to lands and has long been the confidential attorney of Eastern capitalists in the invest- 
ments made b\' them in the West. 

Hon. George Jerome, late General Attorney of the Detroit, Grand Haven iV: Milwaukee. Railway, is a 
native of Tompkins County, New York, and was born in 1824, came with his jiarents to Michigan in 1827, 
since \\hi<-h time, except the four years spent East in pursuing his education, he has been a continuous 
i-esident of Michigan and of Detroit since 1844. After a. preliminary preparation and study of law he was 
admitted to the bar in Detroit in 1848. He represented Detroit in the State Senate of 1855-7-8, serving 
as chairman of the Judiciary Committee during that period. Was collector of cu.stoms at Detroit from 
1800 to 1875, which position he resigned at his own volition. He was attorney and general solidloi- 
of the Detroit, Grand Haven ».^- ^filwaukee Railroad from 185!) until within the pa.st year, when hr 
rctii-ed on account of ill health. Mi'. Jei-ome was one of the commissioners on the plan of the city fi-om 
1857 to 18()'.). and has held othci' i)ublic positions of lioiuu- and merit. 

Martin S. Smith, of tlir firm of Alger, Smith & Co., and the founder of the well-known house of M. S. 
Smith (.V- Co., importers and jobbei-s of fine watches, diamonds and jewelry, is a. native of the State of New 
York, and boi-n at Ijima. Livingston ("(iunty, in 1884, and came to .Midiigan with liis ])ai-ents in 1S44, 
they locating in Oakland Counts. (']) to the ag(> of foui-tecTi, Mi-. Smith assi.sted in farm duties, and then 
obtaiiUMl a situation as clerk in a clothing house at I'ontiac, sulisei^uently l(\aviiig it to accept a posili(ui 





E. 1. SllMSUN 



M. SHEELEY. 



ORRY A. HAKKINGTON. 





ROBERT H. Vl.sljtK. 




J. BLAIR SIMPSON. 



FRANK REAUME. 



JAMES A. VISGER. 



//, /, ( 'S TRA TED DF. TROIT. loi 

Y.ith William M. Thomson, publisher of the Poiitiac Gazette. In ISGl lie raine to Detroit, where lie has 
;iince lesided, and which has been the theatre for those operations, which through his industry, enterprise 
and integrity have secured for him weulth, the contidence and respect of an extended acquaintance anujug 
business men and philanthropists, at home and abroad. Mr. Smith is treasurer of the Smith, Alger A: 
rompany, and Manistique Lumber Company, of the Woodmere Cemetery Association, president of the 
American National Bank, vice-president of the State Savings Bank, of the Michigan Mutual Life Insur- 
ance Company, and of the Detroit, Bay City & Alpena Railroad. lie is also prominently identified with 
other manufacturing and leading industries of the city and State. Mr. Smith is generous with his money 
and time iu promoting benevolent and educational interests of both city and State. Mr. Smith hns never 
sought political preferment, although often tendered it. He was, however, member of the lionrd of rolic(! 
Conmussioners from 1872 until very recently, when ill-health compelled his resignation. The success of 
Mr. Smith in business is a product of close attention to details and a just regard for the rights of others. 
Personally, Mr. Smith is courteous and unassuming in manner, sf)mewhat inclined to reticence, pi'efcrring 
to net rather than talk; is extremely fond of good horses, and devot(\s much of his leisure time and hours 
of I'elaxation in exercising tliem. 

Samuel A. Plummer is a native of New Hampshire, and was born at Meredith, March 30th, 1831. His 
father, in addition to carrying on a farm, was largely engaged in buying and selling live stock for the 
Boston market. Earlj- in life, following the example and instructions of his father, Samuel exhibited 
traits of character peculiar to New Englanders, of thinking and acting on his own judgment, and being 
governed in all his business transactions by a proper sense of his own rights, as well as tho.se belonging to 
others. He, at the age of sixteen, had established a reputation for sagacity and integrity, which gainc.l 
for him the confidence of capitalists to the extent that secured for him the necessary means for the large 
opei-ations he subsequently' conducted on his own account. He continued in the wholesale live stock trade, 
confining his operations to the New England States, until IBG.j, when he came to Detroit, since whii-h 
period he has made it the center of his business interests, botli in live stock and real estate transactions, 
in both of which he has been an extensive and successful operator. Personally, Mr. Plummer is plain and 
frank in manner and address, means wdiat he says, and avoids a multiplicity of words. He is cautious, 
somewhat reticent, careful to make no promises unless confident of being able to fulfill them. He has oik! 
son, who is interested with him iu his business enterprises. 

Hon. Wm. Livingstone, .Jr., was born in Dundas, Ontario, January 21st, 1842, and came with his 
parents to Detroit, of which he has since been a continuous resident. He received an academical education 
anil learned the trade of a machinist. In 18G1 he became connected with the shi])ping interest, and fi-oni 
ye.ii- to year increased his business, and also made large investments in leal estate, iu lumber, sti-eet rail- 
I'oads, and other manufacturing enterprises and industries, thereby contributing gieatly to the mateiial 
growth of the city and State. As a public man, Mr. Livingstone has been piominent for a number of years. 
In 1875 he was electe<l to represent Detroit in the State Legislature, and has been fiom time to time 
chairman of the Republican State Central Committee. He was appointed by President Artlnn- collector 
of customs atDetroit, which he held until the election of President Cleveland. He also published the Detroit 
■JourunJ. ilr. Living.stone is at present secretary and manage]' of the P(>i-cheron Transportation Com- 
l)any, which owns the large steamers T. Palmer and Wm. Livingstone, besides a- number of smaller 
steamers and sailing vessels. Among ves.sel men, Mr. Livingstone is iield in high estimation for his 
(\irnest and effective advocacy of all measures, means, and influence's tending to advame and |)rotect their 
interests. He is the ])r(>sident of the park and boulevard commissionei-s of the city, and is also connected 
with other educational and charitable institutions, and benevolent organizations, devoting much time 
and money in aiding the successful a,ccom]ilishment of their respective aims and objects. 

Alexander .V. Boutell, secretary and manager of the Globe Tobacco Woi-ks, was born in Steuben 
County, New York, January 13tli. 1810. His grandsire, a revoluutionai-y patriot, his father serving 
as a soldier in the war of 1812, and he himself, together with four bi'otliers, serving in the war wliicli 
gave ])ermanency to the Tnited States (iovei'ument, entitl(>s him to ])i-ominent consideration among the 
re])i-esentative men of Detroit. He is a member of Fairbanks Post. 0. .\. 1!. rnol>trusive in dei)ort nient. 
courteous in business. inde]ienilent in the exjiressiou of sentiments or opinions in ])ersonal iiitei-cours(>, 
he imi)i-es.ses the thoughtful man as the representative of pure .Vmerican character, ncconqiauied and 
controlled by a- business sagacity dejiendeut iu its exercise upon the princii)le that all rei)resentative 
and iiHelligvut humanity is entitled to llie rights which their Creator hns endowed I hem wiHi. 

Mr. Boutell is the .son of a, farmer; received the education of n fnrmei''s son ; becnine nt the end one 
ofllie professors in the Enstmnn Comniei-cial Colleoe of Poim-hki>e]isie, New York, from whence h(> came to 
Deti-oil . ill 1 807, ami engaged wilh Israel Alorey iV: Cf>., tobncconists. Hi- <-oiil iuned \\i1li the cfunpnny 
until till' decense of Mi'. Morey, becoming executor of his estate. Subse(|iien1 1,\'. he became t he manage:- of 








J 




ILLUSTRATED DETROIT. 103 

the Canadian branch of the Globe Tobacco Works, and i.s now the secretary and chief mauaojer of its 
works iit Detroit. 

Mr. Boutell is the president of the .Merchants' and Manufacturers' Exchange, the ti-easui'er of the 
Baraga Graphic Alining Company, and is prominently associated in numerous organizations having for 
their object the elevation of men and women, thereby fitting them for a proper discharge of the duties of 
American citizenship, and in this direction he has the hearty and active co-opciation of his wife, whose 
maiden name was Carpenter, a daughter of an early pioneer of Ypsilanti. They have one danglitci-, 
aged IG, who is now at the Home Day School. 

Col. Joseph Sumner Rogers, the founder, superintendent and proprietor of the Midiigan Alilitary Acad- 
emy at Orchard Lake, was born at Oirington, Maine, July 5th, 1844. He had just passed through the 
l)ublic schools of his native town, when President Lincoln issued his proclamation calling for volunteers to 
defend the constitutional government of the Union, when in April, LSGl, he enlisted in the Second Ivcgiment 
of Maine volunteers. With it he participated in the fii-st battle (jf Bull Run, and in all those of the Penin- 
sular campaign under General McClellan, and was severely wounded in the head at the second battle of Bull 
Run. His term of service expiring June 9th, 1863, he returned to Maine, and in 18G4: again entered the 
army as second lieutenant in the 31st regiment of Maine, and the month following was commissioned 
captain, serving as such until the close of the war. receiving the brevet of major, July 15, 18G5. On the 
first of October, 18G7, he was commissioned second lieutenant in the regular army and assigned to the 
First Infantry. Was breveted first lieutenant and captain for distinguished services at the second battle 
of Bull Run and Gaine's Mills. Served with his regiment in Louisiana until 1SG9, when he came to Michi- 
gan and was stationed at Fort Wayne. In December, 1872, he was elected major of the " Pelouze Corps." 
This corps was organized by General L. H. Pelouze, U. S. Army, by selection from the lads of the leading- 
citizens of Deti'oit, and at the time when Col. Rogers succeeded to the command of the corjts it was com- 
posed of two companies, numbering about fifty each, with a full complement of subordinate officers. 
Through the enthusiasm, industry, skill and i^atience of Col. Rogers the corps made great proficiency in 
drill and soldierh' bearing, and on the occasion of its first public parade, February 22, 1873, was hospit- 
ably entertained by Governor Bagle3'. In April following, the corps was divided into four companies of 
fifty each. Its first annual encampment was held June 25, 1872, at " Camp Elwood," Fort Wayne, and at 
its first annual parade eight companies mai'ched through the streets under the command of Col. Rogers. 
The adjutant general in his annual report for 1875 thus refers to this corps: "I take great pleasure in 
stating that the battalion of Pelouze cadets, under the instruction of Major J. S. Rogers, U. S. Army, still 
continues to manifest that superior discipline and excellent drill for which the cor])s has been justly ac- 
credited since its foi-mation. Their annual encamijment, under command of Major Rogers, took place in 
June last, at Orchard Lake, in Oakland County, one of the most beautiful spots in the West, combining 
lovely scenery both of lake, island and forest. In 1874, President Grant detailed Colonel Rogers as pro 
fessor of military science and tactics in the Detroit High School. In the report of Genei'al Robertson, 
above referred to, he says: "The Cadet Corps, made up of the scholars of the high school, under the 
direction of the Board of Education of Detroit, is now composed of three companies, numbering 150, with 
the usual complement of officers. This battalion is also under the able instruction ol Alajor Rogers. All 
interested in the education of the youth are invited to examine the admirable course of instruction 
afforded ; these organizations being valuable in a military point of view, and also imparting a degree of 
physical strength and manly deportment which cannot be obtained in any other way, as is imjn-essively 
apparent among the Pelouze cadets during the three years of their excellent training." In July, 187G, the 
Pelouze Corps of Cadets, under the command of Colonel Rogers, visited the Centennial Exposition and 
took part in the grand military parade on the Fourth of July; as the corps passed down Broad and 
Chestnut streets it was greeted with rounds of applause till the end of the nuirch, the soldierly bearing 
of the cadets elicitingthe highest encomiums from the spectators wherever they appeared. Alter the parade, 
the crack comi)any of Pennsylvania, the "Invincibles," received them with the most ra]>turous a])plause 
as they passed their armory, the ladies clapping their hands and waving their handkerchiefs. As they 
halted at Independence Hall they passed in review before General Sherman, Pi-inc(> Oscar, of Sweden, 
Don Pedro, Emperor of Brazil, Vice President Ferry, the Secretary of War, and other notables. Genei-al 
Sherman remarked, " I never saw better order in any regiment in my life." Along the I'oute they wei-e 
often taken for West Point Cadets; at other points cries of "them's the fellows to k(>e]) a straight line;" 
" they drill like Detroit Knights Templar," etc. In tiius giving the history of the Pelouze and High Si-iiool 
Cadets, we furnish the basis or nucleus which led to the establishment of the Alichigan Military Academy, 
hence the history of the Pelouze and High School Cadets, and that of the Michigan Military Aca<lemy, 
comprkses that of Col. Rogers since he became a resident of Michigan. The writer is ])erfectly familiar 
with the obstacles and discoui'agements encountered by Col. Rogers in the establishment of his Military 
School. Few men would have undertaken to accom])lish what he has ilone. and nmuy would have 



(~ 






F. P. BVRNK. 




•^^^ 


% 




^ ^ 


'?3 




iii'. 


^^ 




r 


gfv/* 


1^ 



Ek\IN PALMER. 



.1, W. ROBBINS. 








WM. LIVINGSTONE. 




T. Ll IDGE. 



WM. C. SPR-\GIE. 





FR.VNK. .\. R.ASCH 



G- \. FUSTER. 



F. W. FLUMI 



ILLUSTRATED DETROIT 105 

abandoned the enterprise at the outset. It is, therefore, a just triimte to Col Rogers that both the State 
and national governments should recognizp him and the institution which he hns foiindod. As the com- 
mander of the famous I'elouze Cadet Corps, the military instructor for three years of the High School 
battalion of cadets, and the founder of the Michigan Military Academy, which is conceded to have no rival 
outside of AY(>st Point, Col. Rogers' services have resulted in specially' interesting the peojile of Detroit 
and Michigan, and, in fact, the entire Northwest and West, in military- matters and education. A number 
of schools have been organized in other States after the model of the Military Academy at Orchard Lake. 
Col. Rogers is a member of the Congregational Church, of the Knights Templar, of the In.stitute of Civics, 
of the G. A. R., of the Loyal Legion, and of the Sons of the American Revolution. 

Dominique Riopelle, whose portrait appears elsewhere, presents, both in physi(]iie and personal char- 
acteristics, the type of the early French of Detroit, and is descended from Pierre and Marguerite Dubois, of 
St. Pierre, Isle d'Olcron, France, whose son, Pierre 2nd, was the founder of the Riopelle family in ,\meiica 
Isle d'Olcron of France is in the Bay of Biscay. It belongs to the department of Charente Interieme, and 
possesses four forts and the towns of Chateau and Pierre d'Oleron, the former of which is fortified. The 
inhabitants were engaged in shi])-l)nilding, salt making and trade in wine, brandy and grain. It has been 
successively the pro])erty of the Counts Anjou, the Dukes Aquitaine, the English and the French crowns. 
It takes its name from Queen Eleanor, who established the maritime law, known as the "Oleron Code," 
which was ado])te(l by England, and is a ])art of the American law. He married Marie Julian Gnerin in 
1G87, and Pierre, third son of this marriage, was born in IGDG, and married JIarie Ann Mayhew Merchant 
in 1718. Ambroise, the son from this union, came to Detroit about 1760 and in 1766 married Therese 
Campau, daughter of Antoine and Aiigeli(]ue Pelletier. Dominique l.st, a .son of this marriage, and the 
father of the subject of this sketch, was born in 1787 and married m 1818 to Colette (Clotilde) Gouin- 
Boyer, who was the widow of Antoine St. Bernard. Dominique 2nd, the subject above represented, was 
born in Detroit o\\ the 8th day of December, 1818, and married Elizabeth Gouin. His four sisters were 
"Adesse" who married Michael G. Payment, "Nancy " who became a nun, " .Viigeli(|ue," who married 
Fabian Peltier, and " Domitelle," who married Poutiff Gouin. Dominique Riopelle, was of a genial, hos- 
pitable and kind dis])()sition, but ind(»])endent and firm in his religious and political views. He was adverse 
to holding political positions, although frequently requested to accept many high offices. Owing to his 
Ijopularity and the force of political circumstances he accepted the nomination, and was elected Alderman 
of the old 6th ward in 1852, but never afterward could he be persuaded to accejjt political favors. In 
business affairs he never sought to accumulate by speculation, relying upon regular and legitimate 
influences to provide for addition to his financial resources. These proving sufllicient, he led an honest, 
cheerful and charitable life, giving his children a good education, and left each a reasonable inheritance 
He died October 28th, 1883. His eldest son, Hon. Claude N. Riopelle, is now a member of the Detroit bar, 
and has a lucrative practice. He was a member of the State Legislature in 1869, leaving an honorable 
record, and like his father has never sought, or held up to date, any political office. 

Samuel Pearce Duffield, M. D., secretary of the Boaixl of Health of the city of Deti-oit, was born in 
Carlisle, Pennsylvania, December 24, 183:3. Entered the University of Michigan in 1S50, graduating from 
the literary department ill 1854; remained one year afterward as resident graduate to perfect himself in 
chemistry and anattuny. From thence he entered the University of Pennsylvania, taking the regular 
medical course in the medical department. Being afflicted with failing eyesight, he went to Berlin, in 1856. 
for treatment by Dr. Albrecht Von Graefe, who relieved him. While there he attended Graefe's clinics for 
three months, also lectures from Prof Mitcherlich, in the university, after which he visited Munich, where 
he studied physics and chemistry in Ma.xniillian's University under Baron Von Liebig, and in accordance 
with Liebig's recommendations he graduated from Ludwig 111 University at Gies.sen Hesse, a doctor 
of philosophy. In 1858 he returned to Detroit and entered upon the practice of his ))rofession, still 
coul inning his chemical investigations, and devoting special attention to to.xicology and medical juris- 
prudence. He soon became known as an analyst, and was frequently called to testify m the courts as an 
exjjert. In 1886 he si)ent the winter in Russia, studying the Jinalysis of poisons and their separation from 
poisoned animals under Prof. George Dragendoiff, in tlie laboiatoiy of the Inijierial University of Russia, 
at Dorpat. May 1st, 1887, he was called to fill the position of health officer of the city of Detroit, wliich 
position he still holds. Di-. Duffield arranged the chemical laboratory for the Detroit Medical College, and 
delivei-ed the opening address there in 1868; was professor of chemistry f(U' .several years, also jn-ofessor 
of medical jurisprudence and toxicology, receiving a diploma fi-oni the in.stitution for his labors there. 
He read a i)aper on "Relation of Hyiiodermic Medication to Toxicology" before the meeting of the 
American Pharmaceutical Association in 1866, also another pajx-r before the State Association, at its 
meeting in Detroit in 1 888, on " The Refractometer in Detecting Adulterations in Volatile and Fixed Oils." 
He has written various papers on medical sui)jects. including " A'cntilation of Sewers," "Contamination of 











DEARIiORX VIEWS. J. B. MOLONY'S AnUlTIOX. 



ILLUSTRATED DETROIT 107 

Drinking Water," "The Relation of Typhoid Fever to Water riiircnts in S.uidy Roil," "Analysis of Malt by 
Polai-izntion," "A Case of Aconite Poisoninii,-, Fatal," "Was tlie Babe Born Dead or Alive," "Investioation's 
of Medical .Inrisjirudence Method in Infanticide, etc.," "Dipiitheria in Sciiools," "The Use and Abuse of the 
Uterine Probe," "The Rio-hts of Medical Experts." Personally, the Doctor is pleasant and courteous in 
manner, but bold, manly and enero-etic. His ])rofessionnl brethren recoo-nize him as authority on any 
question relating to that branch of the science which he has made a specialty. The position now held by 
him requires much executive ability, as well as scientific knowledge. It being a public one, the ignorant 
and the l(>ai'U(>(l exeirise the ]irivilege and claim the right to criticise the manner of its conduct, hence it 
often tries the forbearance of those filling it. The Doctor, however,is governed by what his exi)erience and 
study enables him to determine is right, and is but little disturbed by censure or commendation, but treats 
all witli ivspect, find their opinions with pro])er deference. Coming from nn ancestry long distiugni.shed 
lor iiliilanthropy, learning and reverence for their Creator, he lias inherited many of these qualities, and in 
his daily intercourse with the social and professional world seeks to practice them. 

Cliiistian II. P.uhl, founder of the old hardware jobbing house of Ruhl & Ducharme, and senior member 
of the present firm of Buhl, Son & Co., one of the largest wholesale hardware houses west of New Yijrk, is 
,1 nntive of Pennsylviinin, and was born in Butler County, May 9th, ISIO. After comi)letiiig his educa- 
tion at the sciiools of his native town, he learned the hatter"s trade, and at the age of twenty-one started 
West to seek his foituue, and in 1833 finally located at Detroit^ where he has since resided. Soon after 
his arrivid he engaged with his brother in the hat, cap, and fur trade. Thi>ir transactions in i-aw furs 
extended over the whole Northwest, being maitdy conducted by C. H., while his brother had the super- 
vision of th(^ hat and cnp dei)artment. To digress for the purpose of illustrating the magnitude of the 
fur ti-ade of the Northwest, the coml)inations which sought to control it, and which of necessity Mr. P>uhl 
had to ni(H^t and compete with, it may be well to state that prior to 1842 there were two rival compa- 
nies seeking to monopolize, "The Hudson Bay" and the "American" Fur Companies. For a long time 
the success of each was evenly divided, until througli incapacity and bad mnungi'ment of one of its prin- 
cipal partners, the American Fur Company became embarrassed and all its trading posts fell into the hands 
of Messrs. P. Chouteau & Co., of New York and St. Louis. It was at this period and under these circum- 
stances that Mr. Puhl engaged in what he conceives to ha\-e lieen thegreatest achievement of his life, viz. : 
"By making sucli favoi-able arrangements with Messrs. Chouteau as gave him entire control of the fur 
trade for all tliat jiortion of the West, North and Southeast as is embraced in the present States of Ohio, 
Indiana, ^lichigan, Illinois and Wisconsin, and a poi-tion of Ui)])(>r Canada. He continued to manage and 
control this traitic in the interests of himself and brother until 1853, when they divided their intei'ests, the 
former taking the hat and caj) department and the latter conducting the fur business on his own account 
for two years, wIkmi he turned it over to his brother, and with Charles Ducharme ])urchased the wholesale 
liardware bu.siness of Alex. H. Newbould and Ducharme iV: Bartholamew, and established the house of 
Buhl & Ducharme, of which (as before mentioned) the present firm of Buhl, Sons & Co. are successors. In 
18G3 he became a large owner in the ■West(M-man Iron Company, of Sharon, Pa., and aliout the same time 
l)ought a controlling interest in the Detroit Locomotive AVorks. lie was also one of the incorporators of 
the Second National Bank of Detroit, and for eight years prior to the expiration of its charter, he was its 
vice-president, and was also an incorporator and vice-])resident of the present Detroit National (its suc- 
cessor) until the resignation of Hon. II. P. I'aldwin as jjresident, when he was chosen to succeed him. 
This latter position he held u|) to January last, when he refused a re-election. Mr. Buhl was largely inter- 
ested in the construction of the Hillsdale & Indiana, the Detroit & Butler, and the Eel River Raili-oads, 
tiie first named now being o]iei-ated by the Lake Siioic & Michigan Southern, and the latter by the Wa- 
bash & Western. He was the founder and is now ]iresident of the Detroit Copper and Brass Rolling 
Mills. He is also vice-pi-esident of the Detroit Union l)e])ot Company, and has within the ])ast 
year interested himself in and is president of the Iron and Huron Range Railroad C()mi)a,ny, 
of Lake Su|)erioi', it being constructed for the transportation of tiie products of the iron mines of 
that rejiion. During the fifty-eigiit yeai's in Delioit tiie business career of .Mi-. Buhl has been characterized 
by integi-ity. energy and industry, controlled and governed by an exhiiiition of sagacity seldom e(pialed and 
I'arely excelled. \W mo\-cnients and enterprises calculated to advance the liiiancial and commei<ial intei-- 
ests of the city. State or nation. ai-(> carefully examined, and if worthy, receive his material aid and 
heai-ty supi)ort. Being an intelligent citizen of this re]iul)lic, lu^ is oidy a ])olitician in the sense that he 
deems it his duty I0 kec|i himself informed as to t he manniM' in w liicli t he affairs of the ])ublic ai-e admiiiis- 
lei-ed by the otKcial icjire.sentat ives of 1 he .se\-cial i)olitical ])ai-ties, favoi-ing only such as base thi'ir ai-tion 
or jiolicy n])on princijiles of honesty, the ])romo1ion of the general business interests of the counti-y, and 
the ]irotoction of the ]ieo|)le against wrong and oppression. He is kind, easily a])i)roached, and fully in 
.synqiathy with all objects of a benevolent and educational character. Thei'e is no disguise about him : he 




C. UAUMANiN. 



ALFRED GRANGER. 



GEO. E. HUITON. 



ILLUSTRATED DETROIT. 109 

is frank and outspoken, and if inquired of dirortlj, iiis reply will be freely and honestly given. He has no 
(|ualififation for meeting cvcry-day men with those little eourtesies, simply to secure their good will. And 
ill tills respect it may be said of him, as has been said of another — "Jerusalem might Inive been burned a 
thousand times, before ho would have sat at the gates to steal away the hearts of the people." 

Hon. William Look, lawyer and ex-Cii'cuit Judge, is a native of Detroit, where he was boi-n March IG, 
1857. His lilt her was .Vrnolil Nickolas Look, a mechanic in humble cii'cunistances, but withal a nniii oi' 
intelligence. He was a native of Gleve (Rheinish Piussui), in the District of Dusst'ldorf, (iennaiiy. His 
gi-,uidf:itlier, Jean Look, was a veteran of XajKjleon's and accompanied the great military leailer on his 
Peninsular Campaign and ])articipated in many of the memorable battles that convulsed Contin"iital 
Europe in the early part of the century. In iSoU he came to the United States. He had served niidci- 
Marshal Davoust, Prince of Lckmuehl, Massena and Soult, and pai-tici])ated in all the engagiMiients in the 
campaign that terminated with Ansterlitz. Afterward he was at the battle of Loban, and still later took 
])art in the defeat of Archduke Charles at Wagram. After Napoleon's retreat from Moscow, Jean Look 
was mustered out of service at Hamburg, Germany. This was in 1814. He l)ore several severe wounds; 
the marks wdiich he carried to the grave testified to the character of his services. When in 18(1'.) the 
100th anniversary of the birth of Napoleon was celebrated in Detroit, Jean Look as the oldest living 
veteran of Na]ioleon, was chosen president of the day. He died October 5, 187G, aged 90 years ami -'3 
months, resjx'cted and honored. 

Cares and business perplexities came to Judge Look very early in life. He was the eldest of eight 
childi-en and at an early age the responsibility of maintaining the family in large part devohed u]5on his 
shoulders. When 12 years of age he entered the otfice of his uncle Judge Joseph Kuhn in the capacity of 
office boy. He evinced such marked aptitude in mastering the details of an extensive and intricate 
business that two years later his uncle made an extended tour of Eurojie, leaving the bo^' in sole ciiai'ge. 
Judge Kuhn besides doing the largest private banking business in Detroit, dealt largely in real estate and 
possessed a large clientele of people whose business affairs he managed. There were mortgages to be drawn 
up, deeds, leases, etc., to be executed, and ap]iraisals of land to be made; and the cosmopolitan character 
of the people doing business with the institution made it necessary for him to have a thorough knowledge 
of the German language. During this time the boy had the helpful advice of Hon. William B. W^esson, a 
man of large affairs, yet who was never so busy that he could not find time to give valuable assistance to 
the conscientious, prudent, overworked lad, and Judge Look in referring to the circumstances that shaped 
his life, quickened his perceptions and inculcated sound habits of business, never fails to award the proper 
meed of jjraise to this early preceptor, now dead. With the exception of a short time s])ent at St. Mary's 
Academy in Detroit, Judge liOok ac(piired his education in the office and in the solitude of his home In- 
attention, observation and diligent reading and study. He took up the study of law when a mere lad 
and, havmg no regular piecepter, often had occasion to seek the assistance of such men as Hon. Don. iL 
Dickinson, Hon. Edwin F. Conely, Hon. Otto Kirchner, Hon. Wm. C. Jhiybury and Hon. James A. 
Randall, who treated him with kindness and consideration and straightened out many a knotty problem 
for him. His law readings were necessarily desultory and irregular, because his duties were yearly 
becoming nnu'e hai-assing and exacting. He was finally admitted to the bar in 1880, and with his semi- 
business training in the otfice of Judge Kuhn, he came to the bar far better equipped as a lawyer than 
thi-ee-fourths of the young lawyei-s seeking pi"actice. 

\w 1885 Mr. Look was elected a mendierof the Boardof Councilmen,a municipal board now defunct, to 
fill an unex])ired term. He at once took rank as the most earnest opponent to the loose relations between 
ci>r)ioration contractors and the city government, and often had to stand alone in the adverse of some 
principle aftectiiig these relations. In the fall of 1885 Mr. Look accejjted a i-enomination and was elected 
by an overwhelming majority, leading his ticket by over 1500 votes. While a member of the Board of 
roiinciliiKMi Mr. Look ivsisted the act of 1885 governing the appointment of Boai'ds of Uegisti-ation and 
Llection. alleging thai it was unconstitiitionaL After considi'i-ablo difficulty his party colleagues were 
induced to supjiort him in his position, with the result that the SujiremeCourt at theOctober term in 1885 
declared the act to be unconstitutional. His other acts whil(> a member of this imjiortaut body were 
characterized by the same clear perce|)ti(ni, and while he often lacked the nece.s.sary sni)])ort to carry his 
point, sul)se(]uent d('vclo]iinents almost iTivai'iably indicated his judgment. 

The Legislature had passed a bill in 1887 for the abolition of the Board of Conncilmeii, when Mr. Look 
was nomiiia1(^(l as one of the judges of the Wayne County Cii-cuit Court, and was sub.sccpiently elected by 
a handsome majority. Judge Look's mind was (>ssentially judicial. From his eai'ly youth he had been in 
])ositions where his jiowers of amilysis wei'c brought into constant Jilay. He took his place on the b<-nch. 
one of the youngest men who had filled that inqiortant jiositioii. and disposed of the cases assigned him 
with such iM])idity. and yet with such thoroughness, as to excite the surprise and gratification of liotli 
public and bar. Some of his decisions brought him into general notice throughout the country. 




RESIDENCK (IF I'HH.IP SANDERSON. 





ALEWNDF.k A. liol Tl'.l.l, 



hii(;h a. holmes. 




RESILIENCE (JL MORLIMER L. SMLl H. 





N. S. \vrii.;ht. 



RF.SIllENCE OF F. I>. KOLldN. 



ILLUSTRATED DETROIT m 

Mr. Look was niaiTied July 22, 1879, to Miss Cliristiiia Audretscli, a daughter of Martin Audretsch, 
who establislicd the first pottery in Micliijian. and was one of tlie oldest pioneers tliei'cof. 

Four eliildren iiave lieen born to tlieni, tiiree girls and one boy, rangiiiy in ages from eleven years to 
eighteen months. 

Ml-. Look has one of the largest law i)ractices in the city. He is a Demoemt in polities, and promi- 
nently identihed with all the (lernian societies of Detroit, of which a number count him among t heii- most 
prominent nicndjers. He is highly esteemed, not only by the people of German extraction, but by the 
citizens at large who know his integrity and appreciate his ability in his calling. He is un(picstioiiably 
one of the most jjrominent Oei-nuni-Ainerican citizens of Detroit, and xvvy seldom a festival or a mectinu 
of importance is held without Judge Look being invited to address his fellow citizens cjf Gernum descent, 
a sure sign of his popularity. 

l^yron Green, member of the firm of Hannau & Co., real estate dealers, well known to the writer for the 
jKist thirty-six years as being one of the most indefatigable, energetic, enteri)rising ])usliers in all 
undertakings of a general business nature, was born in Itushville, Ontario County, New York, in 1 S27. 
After ])assing through the experience incident to farm, village, and the schools of his native town, he 
embarked in the business of trade, and for a time prosecuted it successfully^ at Elmira and other towns in 
the State of New York. He, in 1854, came to Detroit, and from thence migrated to Ann Arbor, wliere he 
maii-ied, and for a series of years conducted a large business, and was largely interested in numerous 
enteriu'ises calculated to improve Ann Arbor and its material prosperity. Being measui-ably successful 
pecuniarily, he decided to remcjve to Detroit, as pr(\senting a larger field for the o])erations he had decided 
to enter upon, and, assoi-iating himself with his son-indaw, "William Hannan, established the well known 
real estate exchange of ^Villiam Hannan & Company, whose transactions have latterly embraced transfers 
and sales of real estate reaching millions of dollars. 

Henry M. L'tley, superintendent of the Detroit Public Library, is a native of Michigan. His father 
migrated from Vermont at an eai-ly day, and located in Plymouth in 1825. Here he took n\) land h-om 
the government and spent the remainder of his life, and here the subject of this sketch was born in l.s."$(j. 
He worked on his father's faini summeis and taught school winters, in the meantime preparing himself for 
college. He entered the Tni versify of Michigan, where he was graduated in 18G1, and a few years later he 
was given the degree of Master of Arts by that institution. After graduating, Mr. Utley gave his attention 
to journalism, and joined the staff of the Detroit Free Press. On this paper and the Post and Tribune he 
was employed until 1881, when he was appointed .secretary of the Board of Education, a position which he 
held until, in 1885, he was called to the charp^ of the Public Library as hbrarian and su]ierintendent. 
Under his management the libraiT has gi-own and inci-eased in ])oi)ular favor nnii-e ra]iidly than ever 
before. The nundjer of volumes has been doubled, the building has been enlai-ged, the ]iublic facilities have 
been improved, and the use of the library has inci-eased four-fold. An admirable catalogue has Ijeen 
prepar(>d and printed, and in evei'v i-esjiect the lilirary has been established on ii basis as a- good,]iractical, 
useful library, and is not excelled by any in this country. Mr. l'tley has worked hard to accomplish this 
result, and his labors have been duly seconded by a corps of intelligent and earnest assistants. 

Marshall 1'. Thatcher, was i)orn in 184U, upon a hirm in Orleans County, New York, where the bre;d-;ing 
of the surf from the unceasing waves of old "Ontario" formed the Hrst music that lulled him in his cradle. 
In 1851 the perils of the Erie Canal, and the old side wheel steamer "Atlantic"' from Buffalo to Detroit 
were safely braved, and a farm in Oakland County was his home until he had outgrown the " Deesti-ict 
Schule," and became a teacher and student by turns until that eventful year 18()1 came; when he threw 
his books aside at Ann .\rbor foi- the spurs and sabei- in the Second .Michigan Cavalry. He was early 
advanced to the rank of second lieutenant, and "Michigan in the War" gi\-es his record as an lionorable 
on(\ advancing rapidly to the rank of first lieutenant, then captain, serving meanwhile on the staff of 
Generals Sheridan. Smith, and Campbell, and being with that well known n^iiiment in nearly every en- 
gagement from St. Louis to the At lant ie. 

During that period hedevelojied intoa ne\vsi)a|iercorrespondent, and some of the most gi-ajjliicdescrip- 
tions ol sanguinary scenes, published in the Fi-ee I'ress and Trihinic of that da\'. were voluntar\' sketches 
tVoni his pen. At the close of the war he was immediately taken upon the editorial staff of the /•'/■(■(■ f'ress, 
his woi'k alternating bel ween newspaper wi-itmg and mei'cantiie ])ursuits for ten .\-eai-s. 

In the meantime failing health drove him to I'lorida, wliei-e he renniined uidil 1 SSO, since which time, 
with varied success, he has been intereste(l in nnnieious enter]irises. al\\a\s with the same energ\' hereto- 
Ibre exhibited in the face of discouragements, finally emei-ging in ISUO and 'Dl h-om almost overwhelming 
loads of trouble and business cares, as a successful manage)- of manufacturing, hnnbering. and other en- 
terjH'ises. He is now the ])resident of a (-oni]>any in Western New York known as "The Vandalia Handle 
Manufa(-1ui-iiig Company." and also president of a " Walnut Luiabei-, Coal and Mineral Land Conijiany," 




ISAAC N WOODS. 



C. H. LAXD. 



JAMES A. CAMPBELL. 



ILLUSTRATED DETROIT. 113 

in West Virginia, each of which are rapidly developing and said to be on the threshold of bright financial 
successes. During tlio residence of Captain Tliatcher in Detroit ho has made many friends, whosymjjathized 
with him in his misfortunes and now rejoice in that success which, owing to his industry, energy niid per- 
sevei-ance, he has finally achieved, and now that he is about to leave Detroit, their good wishes for his fu- 
ture success will accompany him. 

Theodore G. Sherwood, Baidc Commissioner of the State of Michigan, is of Englisli ancestry, his 
father. William Sherwood, having been born in the city of York, England; emigrated to the United States 
in 1827, and settled at Geneva, New York, where the subject of this sketch was born, .lanuniy 29, 1839. 
In 1854, Theodore, with his father, came to Michigan, where the latter purchased a farm in Wayne 
county, and it was upon it that he acquired that love for farming which he retains and indulges in up to 
the present time. Mr. Sherwood received his primary education at the district school, completing it by a 
three years' course at the higher schools of Ypsilanti. After teaching for four years, he pui-chased a farm 
with the intention of devoting his time to its cultivation, but in 18(53 he was induced by C. II. Hurd, then 
Assistant Superintendent of the Michigan Central Railroad, to accept the position of cashier at Kalama- 
zoo, resigning, however, in 1864, to accept a position in the First National Bank at Battle Creek. He 
subsequently gave this up and engaged in the wholesale grocery business under the firm name of Leon & 
Shei'wood. Severing his relation, he in 1872 became cashier of the First National Bank of I'lymouth, 
which position he resigned to accept the cashiership of the newly-organized Grand Rapids National Bank 
in 1881. In 1884 ill health compelled his resignation and he returned to his farm. 

On the organization of the Plymouth National in 1885, he was elected its president, serving in that 
capacity until appointed Commissioner of Banking under the act of the State Legislature creating a bank- 
ing department. The organization of this bureau involved much thought and labor, and called for a 
thorough knowledge of the principles of finance. That Mr. Sherwood has met the requirements of the 
law and secured the confidence of the financiers of ilichigan is evidenced in the universal approval of his 
management bj' every banking institution in the State. 

Mr. Sherwood is an active member of the Methodist Episcopal Church and of the j\Iasonic fraternity,' 
and in politics a Republican. He still interests himself in agricultural pursuits, and is the owner of one 
of the finest farms in the county, located one mile from Plymouth, and takes gi-eat pride in his stock and 
its improvement in breeding. He is president of the Plymouth Fair Association, which under his ad- 
ministration has attained great success. Personally courteous in manner, considerate in demands of busi- 
ness and social obligations, evincing a cultivated intellect in his intercourse with his fellows, has secured 
for him many devoted friends, and by business men he is recognized as authority on all questions of finance. 

George H. Hopkins, Collector of Customs. A native of Michigan, having been born in Oakland county, 
November 7th, 1842, and a descendant of an old English family which was one of the first to settle in 
America. Y'oung Hojjkins was in the State Normal School at Y'psilanti during the year 1802, when the 
Union forces were meeting with reverses in the war of the rebellion, and thi-owing aside his books he enlisted 
and served in the most active campaigns until mustered out at the close of the war. He i-enewed his studies 
and subse(piently taking u]) the reading of law, was admitted to practice in 1871. He was soon made as- 
sistant attorney for the Detroit <.^- Milwaukee Railway, and was selected by John J. Bagley, upon the lat- 
ter's election as governor, as his piivate secretary. He was elected a. member of the State Legislature in 
1878 from this city, and re-elected in 1880 and 1882, and during his last term was speaker pz-o tern of tlie 
House. As executor and one of the trustees of the estate of the late Governor Bagley, the business ability 
of Jlr. Hopkins has been shown in a marked degree. He is largely interested in various business and man- 
ufacturing enterprises, and is beside an active and a prominent Republican politician. He was appointed 
Collector of Customs by Pi-esident Hari-ison, January 14th, 1890, and on confirmation by the Senate, as- 
sumed the duties of the oflice February 1st, 1890. 

Allan Howard Frazer, attorney and counsellor-at-law, is the son of Thomas Frazer, a civil engineer, 
who came to Michigan in 1837, and was connected with the surveying and construction of the Michigan 
Central and Southern railways. As the name indicates, h(> was of Scottish descent, and retains to this day 
many characteristics peculiar to that nationality, entei'prise, independence and firmne.s.s. .Vllan,tlie subject 
of this sketch, was born at Detroit, January 2Gth, 1859 ; received his education at the public schools of the 
city, and on his graduating from the High School, entered the Uni\'ei'sity of Michigan, taking his d(WTee 
from the literary dejjai'tment in ISSl; studied law with Messrs. Beakes and Cutcheon, and was admitted 
to the bar in 1882. The writer cannot pass this without paying tribute to Judge Beakes, an intimate 
friend from the time he began the practice of law at Ann .\rboi' until his decease, which occuri-ed soon after 
the firm of Beakes <.t Cutcheon was establislK^d in Detroit. Judge Beakes was a pure man, faithful to all 
trusts, to his friends especially, to his clients as their legal adviser, to the church, of which he was an ac- 
tive and efficient mend)ei-, and to benevolent and educational enteri irises he devoted much time and 






i- 

S c 



ILLUSTRATED DETROn\ 115 

thought. S. M.Ciiteheon,the otlior nipiiiberof the firm, is well known in Detroit, ancLstands as one of the lead- 
ing members of the bar. Allan H.Frazer, since his admission, has acquii-ed an extensive and lucrative jjrac- 
tice, niakinti' corjjorntion and insurance law a specialty. He has served one term as Assistant Proseeutino; 
Attorney, and among his compeers is recoguized as an honorable and sagacious practitiouer. 

Alexander D. Fowler, the subject of this sketch, was born in Lockport, New York, June 12th, 1843, of 
Scottish ancestry, and removed with his parents to Detroit in the following year. His father, George 
Fowler, was a well known business man in Detroit, and his mother's maiden name was Catherine 
McNaughton. Mr. Fowler was educated in the public schools of Detroit, and received a thorough business 
education in a commercial college in this city 

He commenced the study of law in 1865, with the firm of Lockwood & Clarke, a well known firm at that 
time in Detroit, and finished his course of studies with Hovey K. Clarke, and in 18(i8 he was admitted to 
practice in the Supreme Court of Michigan, after having passed a highly creditable examination. In 1870 
he commenced practice, which he has continued successfully since. As a practitioner at the bar he has won a 
flattering success, and his plain, straightforward, truthful, as well as astute manner in dealing with cases 
that come under his charge, have not only enabled him to retain clients he once gained, but has won for 
him the respect and admiration of bench and bar. 

Frank Davis Andrus is of New England ancestry, and was boru at Washington, Macomb County, 
Michigan, August 21,1850. Primarily educated at the district school, he prepared for college at the 
Detroit High School, entered the^Iiehigau University, graduating from the Literary Department in 1872. 
After leaving college for four years he worked summers and taught school winters to defray the expenses 
incurred through his college course, and to provide for his contemplated legal course. In 187G he entered 
the law office of Maybury & Conley and after two years study was admitted to the bar in 1878. When 
after spending one year in the Law Department of the Universit3- he took the degree of LL. D. and settled 
into the active practice of his profession at Detroit. In January he formed a partnership with Mr. John 
B. Corliss, subsequently taking in Mr. Thomas T. Leete, Jr., thus constituting the present firm of Corliss, 
Andrus & Leete. From his firstentry into active practice in Detroit to the present time he has made real 
estate and titles thereto a specialty, although the firm have a large general practice. Mr. Andrus is the 
attorney of the City Savings Bank; he has also made several real estate investments which have proved 
fortunate, reaching nearly- f 100,000 in value. Personally, in manner Mr. Andrus is genial and frank, 
winning many personal friends, and enjoys the respect of the bar and general public. 

George House Prentis for thirty -two years has been a member of the Detroit bar, during which time he 
has been alternately associated with and opjjosed by the most distinguished la\v3'ers in Michigan, by whou) 
he is recognized as a sagacious and learned practiouer. Mr. Prentis was boru at Monroe, Michigan, Ajuil 
28, 1838, and with his parents removed to Detroit in 1843, where he received his primary education and 

preparation for college, which he entered, graduating from the University of Michigan in . After 

s]iendingsomeyears reading-law he was admitted to the bar in 1859 and began the active practice of his pro- 
fession, which he has successfully prosecuted since. Among the most notable cases in which he appeared 
as counsel are the " Flattery Will Case," "The Hollywood Hardie Will Case," "Falvey Murder Case," and 
" Burton Ejection Case" and "The Ward Will Case." In the latter case he was associated with Theodore 
Romeyne and Judge Chipman and opposed by the late Wirt Dexter, D. Darwin Hughs, Ashley Pond and 
E. W. Meddaugh, and was directly pitted against D. Darwin Hughs. His argument ou the occasion 
gained him much reputation as a close, logical and aggressive advocate. 

John B. Corliss was born at Richford, Vermont, on the 7th day of June, 1851. His ancestors were 
among those who first located and settled the town of Richford, being direct descendants of the original 
George Corliss, who came to this country before the Revolution and settled in Haverhill, Massachusetts, and 
took an active pai't in the Revolutionary War, the inventor of the celebrated Corliss engines being a 
branch of the same family. Mr. Coi'liss was educated at the Vermont Methodist University, graduating in 
1871. He then entered the law ofiice of Noble & Smith, attorneys for the Vermont Central Railway, at St. 
Albans, Vermont, and afterwards entered the Columbian Law College, Washington, D. C, graduating with 
honors in 1875. In Septembei-, 1875, he located in the city of Detroit for the practice of his profession, 
whei'e he has since been most actively engaged, having won, by his untiring enei-gy, a creditable position 
among the leading members of the bar. In 1881 he was elected, upon the Republican ticket, to the ofiice 
of City Attorney of Detroit, which he successfully held for four years, and during that time prepared the 
first complete chai'ter of the city of Detroit, which was passed by the Legislature in 1884, and fully revised 
the ordinances of the city. In 1876 he mari-ied Miss Elizabeth N. Danforth.the oidy child of Judge William 
('. Dauforth, of WindsoT- County, Vermont. He has become largely interested in many corporations and 
business enterjH-ises, and has met with universal success in all his undertakings. He has also devoted much 
of his time and talent to the interests of Free Masonry, and now holds the position of Commander-in-chief 





E. \V. \ OIGT. 



DOMINiqL E RIOPELLE. 




OUONTLNDER DENTAL PARLOR. 



ILLUSTRATED DETROIT ir; 

of the Michigau Sovereign Consistory, the largest and strongest Masonic organization in the State. As a 
legal practitioner, Mr. Corliss is noted for thoroughness in the prejjaration of his cases, and for his incisive 
• and earnest manner in their presentation, succeeding at times when the general sentiment of the court and 
bar are a]jparently against him. 

Francis Granger Russell, a lineal descendent, on the maternal side, of General Knox, first Secretary of 
War, was born in Livingston county, Michigan, April 10, 1(S:57. His parents were natives of New Eng- 
land, but came to Michigan from Monroe county and settled in Livingston county in 1831. His boyhood 
was spent on the farm and in attending the district schools. To his mother, however, he was indebted for 
the inspiration which induced him to em])loy his leisure time in the jireparation for the profession whicli he 
subsequently chose, and which at present he is successfully practicing. At the age of seventeen years he 
entered the State Normal School at Ypsilanti,from which he graduated in 1858, and immediately accepted 
the position of jn-incipal of tlie ])ublic scliools of Lansing, which in 18G1 he I'esigned to accept a ])roniinent 
position in the Interior Department at Washington. He held this office three years, except tlie three 
months' service in the army. In 1865 he became Secretary of the Board of Police Commissioners; mean- 
while having applied himself to the study of law, he in 1868, after a rigid examination before the Su])reme 
Court, was admitted to the bar. Soon after Governor Baldwin appointed him his private secretary, lie 
served three years in this capacity, when he was elected City Attorney over a very popular eomi)etitor ; at 
the close of his first term he was re-elected, thus serving as City Attorney four years. In 1855 he was 
elected Alderman of the old Fifth ward, and during his incumbency was conspicuous in advocating the 
purchase of Belle Isle for a city park. In the practice of his profession he became distinguished as a man- 
ager of cases in bankruptcy and in the adjustment of insolvent estates, making that bi-anch of law a 
specialty. In private, professional and public life Mr. Russell is recognized as a benevolent, enterprising- 
citizen, an honorable practitioner and an independent, fearless and honest public official. 

Andrew Howell, born December 18, 1827, in Seneca County, New York, has been a resident of 
Michigan since 1831, in which year his father. Dr. Joseph Howell, one of the jiioneers of Southern Michi- 
gan, settled in Mason, Lenawee County. 

Mr. Howell graduated at the law school of the Cincinnati College in 1858, was admitted to the bar at 
Adi-ian in 1854, and commenced the jiractice of the law that year in partnersliip with Hon. F. C. Beamen, 
his former law preceptor. At that time the leading members of the bar at Seneca County were: Hon. 
Alexander Tiffany, F. C. Beamen, Governor William L. Greenly, Judge S. C. Stacy, Thomas M. Cooley, R. 
R. Beecher, A. L. Millard and Hon. Peter Morey, the first attoi'uey general of the State, who with Hon. 
Warner AVing, then the presiding Circuit Judge, made a court and bar of marked ability, learning and 
vigor. In 1855, Mi". Howell formed a law partnership with Hon. R. R. Beecher, which continued in suc- 
cessful juactice for many years, and during that time and while he remained at the bar, he was engaged in 
nearly all the important litigations in the county. 

In 1865 and 1867 he was a member of the State Senate. In 1871 he was appointed by Governor 
Baldwin to draft and present bills to the I>egislature for general laws foi' the incor])oration of cities and 
villages. These were enacted in 1873, and are now a part of the statutes of the State. In 1879 he was 
elected by the Legislature to re-com])ile the laws of the State, but the bill providing foi- the work was sub- 
seipiently vetoed by the Governor. His former friend. Judge Tiffany, the senior of the Lenawee bar, had, 
while in practice, published a couple of small works, "Tiffany's Justice's Guide" and "Tiffany's Criminal 
Law." After his decease. Judge Howell revised and greatly enlarged both of these works, and has since 
carried each of them through several editions, and they are now in general ns(» throughout the State. 

In 1882-3 he completed and published a coniinlation of the general statutes of the State, with exten- 
sive annotations from the Michigan reports. The work was immediately authenticated and adopted by 
the Legislature; and in 1889 the State authoi'ized the preparation of a su]i])lemental volume to these 
statutes, for its use, which has since been cominled. annotated and published. The.se volumes, known as 
"Howell's .\nnotated Statutes," are now the authorized compilation of the general laws of Michigan. 

In 1881, :Mr. Howell was elected Judge of the First Judicial Circuit of the State, and filKd that office 
until his resignation in September, LS87, at which time he removed to the city of Detroit, where, in con- 
nection with legal authorship, he has since been engaged in the practice of the law. 

Among the self-reliant, self-educated and prominent legal practitioners of Detroit who have acquii-ed 
eminence in literature and in the practice of his profession, as well as for personal independence and 
integrity, Morgan E. Dowling ranks with any member of the Detroit bar. 

For one whose boyhood and early manhood was a struggle against adverse circumstances, incident to 
lack of wealth or influential friends, his present enviable position furnishes an examjjle and illustrates what 
industry and self denial, based upon an inherent discrimination between right and wrong, combined with 
an ambition to excel in the former, will accomplish, and believing that a short sketch of his life will prove 





Z 



•S} 

w 
en 






-J 







^ 







^ p ^ /" ^ 





I 
X 

a 



ILLUSTRATED DETROIT. 119 

of interest and benefit to the young man born under similar auspices, we venture to briefly relate the story 
of his career. Mr. Dowling is the son of an p]ngiish mother and an Irish father, and was born at Hull. Eng- 
land, December 13th, 1845. In 1846 his parents emigrated to the United States, first settling in Rochester. 
N. Y., and the year subsequent came to Detroit, where his fathei- died, leaving him, at the age of six years, 
dependent u]:)OU his mother. Four years later he began the battle of life for himself For several years he 
engaged in light employments suited to his age, then as a clerk in a produce store; following this, he 
entered the foundry of Tatro & Van Sickle, and at the age of thirteen he was competent to run a steam 
engine. He then apprenticed himself to John Bloom, a sail maker; after serving his time as such he next 
engaged in the grocery and boot and shoe trades, subsequently becoming a salesman of Geo. Peck, in dry 
goods. Soon after the firing upon Sumpter, he enlisted in the First Michigan Infantr3', and served tli(> 
term of his enlistment. He then embarked in the produce business for himself On the call for more men. 
he enlisted in the 17th Michigan Infantry, serving until the close of the war. 

As a soldier. Gen. F. W. Swift speaks of his conspicuous gallantry in the battles of South Mountain, 
Antietam and Fredericksburg, and his behavior in the Vicksburg and Jackson campaigns. At Camplteir.s 
Station, Teiin.,he was taken prisoner, Nov., 18(53, while acting with the rear guard in covering the I'etreat 
of (Jen Burnsides' army to Knoxville, and for fourteen months was confined in Richmond, Belle Isle, 
Andei-sonville, Florence and Charleston, exposed to all the hardships, privations and sufferings wliicli 
hunger, thirst, cold and warmth, and a confined, feted atmosphere can suggest. 

At the close of the war Mr. Dowling entered the commercial college of Goldsmith, Bryant & Stratton. 
and after graduation engaged as bookkeeper for the Croul Brothers, with whom he remained six years, 
during which period he devoted his evenings and leisure time to the study of Englisli literature and the law. 
In 1870 he published his "Southern Prisons," a work of 500 pages, hberally illustrated, and which is 
said to be the most accurate history of the policy and system adojjted by the (Confederates in their 
treatment of Union prisoners ever given to the public. The edition had a large sale, and afforded a fair 
revenue to the publisher. 

In 1871 Mr. Dowling entered the law department of the Michigan University, graduating therefrom in 
1873. when he engaged in the active practice of law. In 1875 he formed a co-])artnership with Gen. L. S. 
Trowbridge, which continued until 1878, when it was dissolved, since which he has been alone. The most 
notable cases in which iNIr. Dowling has distinguished himself are the '• Pec)])le vs. Brietenbach,"and that (jf 
" AVolff vs. Insurance Company." The latter was a long and sharply contested ca.se, in which the Lower 
Court had decided against the plaintiff, and which was abandoned by two eminent lawyers who had 
l)receded him in its conduct, but was taken up by Mr. Dowling. and after a brilliant legal combat, 
continuing for five 3'ears, and several trials, the company was forced to pay the amount of his client's 
claim. In 1879 he established a paper, known as the " People's Advocate." It was ably conducted, but, 
owing to a press of professional business, he was com])elled to retire fi'om its editorship. In 1882 he 
])ub]ished a work entitled " Reason and Ingersollism." This had a large circulation, and has been 
considered one of the best replies ever made to the brilliant atheist. Mr. Dowling has a revised edition 01' 
this work now in hand. 

Mr. Dowling has written numerous articles for the press on economic and other topics, whicli, if 
collected, would make a volume. 

Ill 1884 he was defeated as a candidate for the Legislature by 80 votes, by a combination of tlie Laboi- 
anil Rei)ublican ])arties. In 1880 he was pressed to accejjt the nomination for I'robate Judge, hut 
declined. In 1800 he was proposed for the noiniuation of State Senator, but was defeated in the 
ronvention. Had he been nominated, theiv is no doubt he woidd have be(>n electecl. 

These experiences of Mr. Dowling, thus brietly narrated, inilieates what must be his characteristics- 
courage, independence, aggressiveness, and a due regard for the rights of others. He is a good judge of 
men. a close student, fanuliar with the leading issues of the day, ati<l a man of honor. Since the war, for 
six 3'ears he was a, mendier of the Detroit Light Guard, and is at present a member of Fairbanks Post of 
the G. A. R. He is proud of the fact that he is a resident of Detroit, and a citizen of Michigan. 

Jos. W. Donovan, one of the best known lawyers of the Michigan bar, is in every sense a self-made and 
self-educated nmn ; a native of Ohio, a little over 48, tall, erect and vigorous in action, full of earnest woik 
and friendly .sympathy, with a genial manner and kindly nature. 

He has resided in Detroit since 1807 and played quite aii important part in the courts, as well as in 
extensive business settlements — at which he has a rare knack of bringing men together to their mutual 
satisfaction. In this bi-anch of practice he has travelled over the greater i)oi'tion of our country, but has 
made a speciid study of jui-y ti'ial practice, and has written three successful legal woi-ks, " Modern Jury 
Trials," "Trial Practice," "Tact in Court," all of which have had a wide circulation, and produced a 
handsome profit to the writer and publishers. Besides this book work, which he does evenings, he is a 
writer for different periodicals. 





tiLOIJE TOIIACCO COMPANY. 



BLRNIIAM, STOEPEL & C()MPA.^^•. 




C. U. LAND'S DENTAL LABORATORY. 



ILLUSTRATED DETROIT. 121 

Mr. Donovan lias been twine defeated for the office of Prosecuting Attorney in a county of strong 
Democratic majorities — he being a pronounced Republican. 

He has been for years a popular speaUei' throughout tlie State, and a lectui-er on legal topics. He has 
taken part in ipiite a large variety of litigatit)n here and elsewhere, with very satisfactoi-y results: indeed 
he has fully met his ambition, and attained a degree of happiness rarely enjoyed by lawyeis, wIkj often 
"live well, work hard, and die poor." 

In his twenty-one years of practice he has never forgotten that he paid his own \\ny tlirougli the 
academy by woi'k at the joiner's bench, and never lost syni])athy with men who work with their hands. 
He is married, and a great lover of books and his home. Fnlike many lawyers, he never prolouiis his law 
suits, but settles all the hard ones, and genei'ally wins the balance. 

As a writer and speaker, his words are full of heart thoughts and directness, and many of his shorter 
sketches have found theii- way into school speakers, and will be declaimed long after his life work is endi'd. 
Probably no writer in Michigau has received a better reward for his jiroductions, or come nearer to his 
ambition. 

George X. M. Collier was born in Claremont, New Hampshire, September 27th, 1838. At the age of 
fifteen he removed to Michigan with his parents. He received his education at the public schools of the 
East, completing it at the University of Michigan, and was admitted to the bar in 18G6, and at once 
entered upon the practice of his profession, which he continuou.sly |)ursued with eminent success. 

iMr. Collier has made criminal law a sjjecialty, in the jjractice of which he has ac(]uired an enviable rep- 
utation for the honorable manner in the conduct of his cases, both in respect to the interests of his clients 
and tlip good of the public. He is said never to have undertaken a case until satisfied that there were suf- 
ficient mitigating circumstances connected with it to justify favorable results before the courts. In con- 
nection with his professional duties, he devotes his leisure time in looking after his farm and stock. In 
J87G he was Secretary of the Constitutional Convention, which is the only public office ever held by him. 
In politics, Mr. Colliei- is an active and earnest Rej)ublican. His domestic surroundings are extremely 
pleasant, having a real helpmate in his wife, and a loving companion in his only daughter. Mr. Collier is 
respected by his brethren at the bar for his ability, and by his clients for his faithfulness to their inter- 
ests. His beautiful I'esidence, as shown herein, situated on the corner of Woodward and AVarren 
avenues, both as to interior and exterior, exhibits evidence of a cultivated and artistic taste, combined with 
comfort and convenience. Some years since, Mr. Collier made an extended tour thi'ough Eui'ope, s])ending 
a large portion of his time at Rome and Naples, the occasion being to obtain the confirmation by the 
Italian courts of a decree of divorce procured before the courts of Michigan. His client (an Italian lady) 
had owned, jirior to marriage, estates in Italy, which she could not control without the decree obtained in 
Michigan, being affirmed by the courts of Italy. Hisclient. should she i'(4urn to Italy, would be deprived 
of her personal liberty should she marry again, as in all Catholic countries neither the church or State 
had ever recognized the law of divorce. Mr. Collier was successful, and the proceedings in the Ignited 
States being affirmed by the eoui'ts of Italy, all the i-ights of his fair client to property, real and personal, 
were recognized and restored, tiius establishing for the first time in the history of the past, the supremacy 
of the civil over the ecclesiastical law in Catholic counti'ies. While Mr. Collier has apjilied himself to his 
professional work, he has not neglected his literary pursuits, and is thoroughly up with the times in this 
direction. 

Elisha A. Fraser, senior member of the law firm of Eraser & Gates, was born at Bowmanville, Ontario. 
March 13, A. I). 1837. He graduated from the Michigan University-, at Ann Arbor, A. D. lst)3, taking 
the degree of A. li., and in 1806 he received that of A. M. from the same institution. From 1 S(34 to 1873 
he was superiutiMidcut of the public .schools at Kalamazoo, Michigan. In the hitter year he was admitted 
to the bar at that place, and i)i'actii'ed his profession at the city of Battle Creek, Michigan, fi'om 1S74 to 
1876, where during the last year of his residence he was City Attorney. In 1876 he came to Detroit and 
was soon engaged in that somewhat celebrated case "Newcomer vs. Van Deu.sen," I'eiuu-ted in the 101 h 
Miehitran Report, which was infiuential in .s(>vei-al States of the I'nion in modiiViim- regulations for aduiis- 

O i ■ ... 

sion of patients to insane asylums. During the jtast seventeen years his name apjiears fre(|iieiilly in 
the Michi^MU Supreme Court Re])orts connected with eases of impoi'tanee, and involving (piestions of le^iai 
interest. He is at present engaged in a cause suggesting nice and interesting ([uestions somewhat new 
in this State, growing out of an ante-nuptial agreement. Mr. Eiaser is a fine and impi-essive speaker, 
irreproachable in chai'acter. ])ossesses a logical mind, is tlL'arle.ss and firm in the maintenance of what he 
conceives to be just and faithful to the interests of his clients. One of the most impressive and elo(pient 
of Mr. Eraser's public efforts, was on the occasion of the memorial services held in Deti'oit after the death 
of President Garfield. His effort at that time was eloquent and effective, and ranks with the most fini.shed 
specuneu of eulog.v of the day. Mr. Eraser is a member and elder of the Eort Street I'l'esbyterian 
Church. His political affiliations are Republican. 






I;I;N FLETCHER. 



T. l;. TRACY. 



GEO. E. OILMAN. 




,^ I \K I 1\ !■ -1 I \ M I !■ 





A. VV. ABRAHAM. 



ED I METZGER. 



\VILLL-\M GAVETT. 



IIJA'sTRATED DETROIT. 12-5 

Samiipl Whiteside Burrnn,i;hs, Prosecuting Attoi'iiey and yonno-est enlisted canipaifiii soldier livinji;. 
and the first to stand upon the historic Kennesaw Mounlain and wave the Stars and Stripes, is a native 
of the Peninsular State and of Wayne County, lie was burn at Belleville, in this county, in 1848, and 
hence was but fifteen years of age when he enlisted in the Fifteenth .Michigan InlVintry at Monroe. He 
participated in the battles of Lookout Mountain, Mission Ridge, Chattanooga, Dalton, Snake Creek Gaj). 
Resaca, New Ho]ie Church, Dallas, Altoona Pass, Kennesaw Mountain, Chattahooche River, .\tlantfi, 
.Tonesboro, Fort McAllister, Savannah, Camden, Columbia, Averysboro and Rentonvllle. .\nd from tlie 
time he enlirted until the close of the war, he sei'ved with and under Geiieral Sherman. He was with (ien. 
Shei-num i:i his Atlanta campaign and march to the sea, and the campaign of the Caroliims back to \\'ash- 
ington, taking part in all the privations experienced and the glories achieved by the soldiers commanded 
by this departed veteran. After his discharge ft-om the army, in the eighteenth year of his age, Mr. Hur- 
roughs, taking advantage of the meager o]iportunities offered him, pi-epared himself for enti'ance into the 
legal profession, and after overcoming many obstacles, among them lack of wealth and influential friends, 
he was admitted to the bar in 1878, and iminediatel\- entered into active practice, making the profession 
of a trial lawyei- his specialty. This was the commencement of a struggle with him. ()]iposed to him were 
influences, the product of fortunate birth, embracing all its accompaniments of money, party and social 
antecedents. His piesent position of Prosecuting Attoi-ney of the great county of Wayne, including in its 
territory the metro]iolis of the State, is an evidence of his courage, energy, ability and industry, and worthy 
of the commendation of all true and indejjendent men, and affords an example worthy of imitation by the 
young men of America. 

Oscar M. Springer, the subject of this sketch, was born November 7tli, 1859, at the home of his 
maternal grandparents in Canada. His parents, Edward R. and Nancy A. Springer, at that time were 
citizens of the Uiuted States and residents of the State of Michigan. W. the clo.se of the war his fafher 
sold his interests in Michigan and moved to Oil Springs, Ontario, and speculated in oil lands there and 
in I'etrolia; but not meeting with success he returned to Michigan. Oscar attended the public schools in 
Oil Springs, Petrolia, and Forest, and jjrepared himself for the study of law. After matriculatinii' for the 
study of law he came to Detroit in June, 1880, and at once began the study of his chosen profession 
in the law office of Edmund Hall and George R. Wilcox. After being admitted to the bar by the Supreme 
Court of Michigan, in 18,S2, he still pursued his .studies in the office of Fred. A. Baker, and in 1885 formed 
a law partnership with Edmund A. Hang. Mr. Hang was elected Justice of the Police Court, and Mr. 
Spiinger continued the practice of law until 1890, when he was appointed to fill the office of Assistant 
Prosecuting Attorney' for Wayne Count\-, by Hon. Samuel W. Burroughs. In politics, Mr. Springer is a 
Democrat, ardent and enthusiastic in his work for that cause. Since assuming his duties as prosecutoi- 
he has received considerable praise from the public press, as the following from the \)e-\vo\t Evening iiun 
of July 17th, 1891, shows: "Wayne County can well congratulate itself that it has so efficient a Pfosecuting 
.Vttorney to re])resent it in the Recorder's Court, as Oscar Springer. Since that gentleman has taken hold 
of the criminal businessthat is transacted for the people in that tribunal some rapid work has lieen done." 
Mr. Springer has the credit of convicting the notorious Dr. Cox. In this case the Defroit Evemng Xi'ws 
spoke of his closing argument as "a praiseworthy effort," and the public generally aiiplaudeil his good 
work. 

Cornelius William I'ritt, Assistant Prosecuting .Vttorney of Wayne county, was born in the city of De- 
troit, October 29th, 18G:^. Availing him.self of the excellent oiiportunities affoided by the public schools 
of Detroit, he obtained a thorough training in the English and higher educational branches, fitting him 
for entering into the pi-ofes.sion which he had cho.sen, and in which he proposed to make for him.self a posi- 
tion which should receive recognition from the older members of t he bar as a younger peer. He commenced 
his study of the law in 1883 with Messrs. Russell & Campbell, and a year later entered the law offices of 
Messrs. Douglass & Bowen, and after pursuing his legal studies for five years, he was admitted to ])ractice 
ill till' Wayne Circuit Couit, July 5th, 1888, after a rigid examination, and being highly c()ni|)linieiited for 
his knowledge of the law. On December :51st, 1888, he was admitted to jiractice in the Circuit Court of the 
United States, and on January 10th, 1889, was admitted to ])ractice in the Suiireme Court of Michigan. 
After his admission to the bar, he continued in the office of Dougla.ss & Bowen until January 1st, 1891. at 
which time he was appointed .Vssi.stant Prosecuting .Vttorney. ]\Ir. Britt has a s])ecial liking tor criminal 
practice, and the great amount of time and thought which he has devoted to the stmly of this branch of 
the law eminently fits him foi- the position which he now occupies. While he was engaged in the study of 
the law he was a vei-y diligent and earnest student, and he now devotes his entire time and energies to the 
stmly and practice of hi.s profession. That he has the love of an enthusiast for his profession is evident 
from the devotion and industry manife.sted by him in the pursuit of all information and knowledge which 
pertains to it ami its successful pio.secution. 




D. N. & L. BRIDGE. 




I 11 1 
[IpJ i l| 



FARRAND & VOTEY ORGAN COMPANY. 



..•t*«»^< 






m 



' %^fe° '^^-^-^^ 



c /-/ / G ^ y\/ 












CHARLES L CLARK & COMPANY. 




i iff t^Sw*" "^ '"-"^ 




i/J^^^^pj^ij^t. 



OTTAWA BEACH, D. N. & L. R. R.' 



ILLUSTRATED DETROIT. 125 

Frank T. Lod<^e was horn in Madison, Ind., on the Ohio River. He is a nephew of General C. M. 
Terrell, U. S. Army, and Hon. Edwin Terrell, present F. S. ^linister to Beloinni. He was educated and 
<>raduated from the high school at Indianapolis, being awarded the only honor ever conferred there on 
an oi'ation in the (iernian language. He studied law in the office of Porter, Harrison tV; Hiues; the first 
named member of the firm (Hon. Albert J. Porter) was afterwards Govei-nor of Indiana, the second being 
now President of the Fnited States. At the age of seventeen he went to Wasliington as the private 
secretary oi Mr. Portei-, then Comptroller of the Treasury. Having made himself familiar with the duties, 
he was made chief assistant of the division of public lands. Meanwhile he continued his law studies at 
Columbia College law school under Judge Cox, before whom Guiteau was tried. In 11SS8 he assisted in 1lic 
canvass for Mr. Porter for governor, and stnmited Indiana. After the latter's election he became the law 
clerk of Mr. Lawrence, who had succeeded Mr. Porter as Compti-oller of the Treasury. In 1S81 hewassent 
to Kansas as the representative of the comptroller in the Osage land case, and also adjudicated sevei-al 
other ditticult matters arising out of troubles in Kansas and Indian Territory. In 1882, i-esigning his 
])osition in the Treasury, he entered De Panw Fniversity, at Greencastle (an institution of whicli liis 
grandfather, Itev. Williamson, D. D., was one of the founders, and a trustee during his life), graduating 
therefrom 1884, thus completing the four years college course in two years, and in his last senior year 
filling the chair of modern languages, during tlie absence in Eur'ope of the stated professor. In 1881 he 
came to Detroit, and was admitted to the Detroit bar in 1881, and to practice before the Fnited States 
Su])reme Court in 1885. Mr. Lodge makes a specialty of corporation and real estate law. In 1887 the 
degree of Master of Arts was conferred upon him by his Alma Mater. He is a member of the Beta- Theta 
Pi fraternity, and the Alumni Chief, of the district composed of Indiana, aiid Michigan. In ])olitics Mr. 
Lodge is a Republican, in 1888 stumping the States of Ohio, Indiana and ^Michigan for Blaine, speaking 
both in German and English. Since that time he has taken no active part in jiolitics, devoting his entire 
time to his profession. He is president of the Snow-Church Com|iany, vice-])resident of the Deti-oit Fruit 
Tablet Co., and director and general counsel of the E(piitable Loan & Investment Co. and the Home 
Building and Loan Association. 

William C. Sprague is a Buckeye by birth, son of Hon. Wm. P. Sprague, long and favorably known in 
public life in Ohio; graduated with the degree of A. B. at Denison Fniversity, Granville, Ohio, in the class 
of '81, and two years afterwards received the degree of LL. B. at the Cincinnati law school. On gradu- 
ating he was admitted to the Ohio bar, but at once w-ent to St. Paul, Minn., and opened an office with 
Wni. Fonlke, his former precei)tor, uuder the firm name of Foulke & Sprague. In 1885 he removed to 
Detroit, married, was admitted to pi-actice at the bar of Michigiin, and opened an office. Two years later 
formed a partnership with Chas. H. Carey, Esq., under the firm name of Sprague & Carey. In 1889 Mr. 
Carey removed to Portland, Oregon, Mr. Sprague continuing alone until the formation of the fiiiu of 
Loilge, Sprague t^ Ashley. Mr. Sprague is the editor of the CoWctov, a poinilar business law nnjnthly 
published at Detroit, and conducts the "Sprague coiTespondence school of law," a system of instruction 
in hiw for the young men who cannot attend college, based upon the .system of instruction permanently 
used by Dr. Har])er, of Yale. In other lines he is secretary and treasurer of the Snow-Church Co.. of D(^- 
troit, a Mason, and a member of the Beta Theta Pi college fraternity, having been for some time one of 
the editors of its national magazine. 

Ellwood T. Hance, attorney, and the jyresent postmaster of Detroit, was born .\ugust 28tli, 1850, at 
Concoi-d. Delaware county, Penn. When three years of age his parents removed to A\'ilmington, Delaware, 
taking him with them. Here he remained, attending the public schools of that city and at the academy of 
Clarkson Taylor, a celeln-ated (Quaker teacher. After graduating from this academy he came to Detroit, 
in LS7(), and entered the law office ol' Mr. Charles Flowers as a .student. In January, 1870, he was ad- 
nutted to the Detroit bar, and immediately engaged in the ])ractice of his ])rofession. He was a])])ointed 
po.stmaster of Detroit to succeed .Mr. .V. B. Co])elan(], decea.sed. Since his assuriii)f ion of his ofHcial duties 
he has instituted many reforms and changes in the service, which have proven very acceptable to the gen- 
eral ])nlilic and grateful to the employees. 

Frank A. Rasch, secretary and treasurer of the Fnited States 0]itical Company, an American-German, 
was born in th(> first ward of the city of Deti'oit cm the 2()th day of June, IStil, and has be(>n a r(>si(lent 
of this city ever since. He is the son of August Rasch, retired mercimnt, ju-esident of the Ftiiteil States 
Optical Company, vice ])resi(lent of the I'nion National I'.ank, and ticasuriM' of the Sulphite FibreCom- 
pany, of Port Huron, Michigan. 

.\lr. Frank A. Ila.sch in his youth attendeil our ))ublic schools, and later th(> German-.Vnicrican Semi- 
nary in this city, to ])erfect himself in the study of languages. In the s]iring of 18,S5 he entei-ed the literary 
deiiartment of the Fniversity of Michigan, grail ua ting from the law de])artment June 25th, 1887. He was 
admitted to practice in the Supreme Court of this State on the 14th day of April, 1887. passing a satisfac- 




UNION MILL 





COLUMBUS BUGGY COMPANY. 




GIES' RESTAURANT— Exterior. 



GIES' RESTAURANT— Interior. 



ILLUSTRATED DETROIT ,27 

tory examination before the judges in open session. In llie fall of 1 888 he was nominated as the Republi- 
can candidate for Circuit Court Comuiissiouer, and made a commendable canvass. In the last muni<'ipal 
election he was his party's choice I'oi' city attorney, and lacked but two iiundred and seventy-six votes of 
being elected. In the summer of 1890 he was married to the eldest dauo-htei- of Ex-Park Commissioner 
Frederick L. Seitz. In the spring of 1891 Jlr. Rasch was ek'cted to represent the fii'st ward as a member 
of the Board of Edncation, receiving more votes in that waixl than the successful candidate for Jndge of 
the Supreme Court. He is a practicing attorney, with a steadily increasing clientage, an enterprising^citi- 
zen, with firm faith in the great future of his native city. 

Mr. N. S. ^YI■ight, No. 82 Griswokl Street, Detroit, Mich., has been in the practice of patent soliciting 
and patent law here since 1881, having been for several years witii W. \V. Leggett, \\\) to July, 1887, since 
which time his offices have been located at the above place. Me is a member of the State and United 
States Courts. He is thoroughly equipi)ed for success in patent law jiractice, maintaining a position in 
the front rank of the profession in the West, and enjoys a deservedly large and iufhicntial clientage. He 
gives his close personal attention to the prosecution of patent business of every nature in the patent 
office and in the courts, and obtains both American and foreign patents, label, trade-mark and copyriglit 
registration. His facilities for securing the same are unsurpassed by any practitionei- in tl)e countrv. He 
has complete sets of Illustrated Patent Office Records for examination. All business is transacted with 
promptness and fidelity. 

Mr. Peter Klien was born September 12, 1813, in Oermiuger Canton of Saar Union, Alsace, and i-e- 
moved with his parents to the United States in 1828, settling in Ei-ie County, near Buflalo, N. Y. He 
began the study of medicine at the age of twenty -one and afterwards began practicing in Rochester. New 
York. After continuing foi- over four yeai's Dr. Klien removed to St. Catharines, Canada West, where he 
resided for two years and became a student in the medical department of the University of Toronto 
(King's College). He graduated from Geneva College, New York, in 1846. Shoilly after he came to De- 
troit, where he still resides, being now a member and president of the Board of Health, having been aji- 
pointed under Mayor Chamberlain and re-appointed under Mayor Pridgeon. Has twice been president of 
the Board of Health. His term of service will expire July 1st, 1892. Dr. Klien was elected to the State 
Legislature, representing Wayne County in the House of Representatives 1869-1870 as a democrat. He 
received 6,769 votes, Watson, republican, 6,260. the Doctor's majority being 539 votes. The Doctor is 
still a familiar figure upon the streets, and he is called one of the heartiest men for his age, 77 years. 

Geoi-ge M. Lane, secretary and treasurer of the Board of Trade, born at Romeo, Michigan, May 28th, 
1833, graduated at the University of Michigan in 1853. For several years was employed as a civil en- 
gineer upon the railroads in Michigan. Shortly after the commencement of the AVarof the Rebellion hewas 
appointed Captain Co.B, First Regiment Michigan Engineers and Mechanics, and served in the Army of the 
Cumberland in its operations in Tennessee, Mississijuji, Alabama and Georgia. (3n account of serious dis- 
ability contracted by service in the field, he resigned in May, 1863. In June he was re-commissioned as 
Captain, and assigned to special staff duty in the Piovost Marshal General's Bureau at Louisville, Ken- 
tucky. At the close of the war he resigned his second commission, and for nearly twenty years was em- 
])Ioyed upon the editorial staff of the Detroit Tribune and the Detroit Post unci Tvihuiw. For over six 
years he has been secretary and treasurer of the Board of Trade of the city of Detroit. The father of Sec- 
retary Lane was for a long time Police Judge. He was a most exemplary citizen and Christian gentleman. 
Never was his integrity and moral administration as Police Judge questioned. Minot T. Lane, as a citizen 
and ])ul)lic official, was revered and respected by his fellow citizens, as well as by those who suffered the 
l)enalty of the law as administi-ated by him. Secretary Lane has long been connected with the First Con- 
gregational Church as a member, trustee, and as one of its deacons. In all the res])onsibilities imposed or 
assumed by him, wli(»ther of a juiblic or private character, he has discharged them with a due sense of 
Christian and moral obligation, and in a cultivated and intellectual manner. 

Jerome \Y. Bobbins, attorney and counselor-at-Iaw, 53 McGraw Building, was born on a farm in 
Waterford township, Oakland county, Michigan, about four miles from the city of Pontiac where he 
resided with his ])ai-ents until the age of twenty. He was educated at the distriit schools of his native 
town, the public .schools at Pontiac, and the State Normal school at "^ i)silaiiti. Teaching for a time, he 
in 1870 engaged in the study of law with Jndge Ten Eyck, of the city of Pontiac, and was admitted to 
practice in the State courts January 11.1873, and in theUnited States courts and di.strict coui'ts December 
17, 1877. From the time ot his admission to the bar. up to July 1. 1876. he was employed as counsel for 
mining companies in tli(» Lak(> Snperioi' region, and at the latter date he opened an office in Pontine, 
wIkm'c he remained until June. 1890. when he removed with his wife and three childi'en to the city of Detroit, 
whei'e he now resides at the corner of Cass and P>aldwin avenues. During the time he resided in the city of 
I'ontiac, he was i-etained in many of the most ini]iortant cases in Oakland circuit, and also pra<-tice(l (|uitr' 






TROITDAI.K SIOCK FARM. 
Near Ypsilanti, Mich., owiifd In Gt-ii. 11. Ilainmiiiul. 



ILLUSTRATED DETROIT. 139 

extensively in other counties of Michigan, and also in the Federal coniw. Since coininji to Detroit, Mr. 
Kobbins has gained an extended i-(>putation through the successful management (jf th(> Woodward avenue 
toll-gate case, in which, as attoi-ney for the North Woodward Im])roveinent Association, he caused the 
"toll road com])any" to remove its gate outside the city limits, thus ridding one of the most beautiful 
streets in the city of a nuisance; at the time supposed by many prominent lawyers to have the right to 
remain within the limits for eighteen years longer. Civil law, and the law of private corporations arc his 
specialties. 

Geo. M. ATiiicrsoii, of Scottish ancestry, possessing all the characteristics for which that rac<' is noted, 
was born at Jfaitland, Ontario, February IHth, 1840. Receiving from his parents a fair education and a 
moral training fitting him to become a "man" in the proper sense and meaning of the term, he entered 
active life, without capital other than a strong physical form and a fertile brain, controlled in its action bv 
the principles imbibed and fixed in earlj' youth. After encouTitering and surmounting many obstacles, 
incident to lack of money and influential friends, he, in 18()G, came to Michigan and aided the Lake Shore 
in the construction of its road from Jonesville to Lansing. Subsequently he secured right of way and local 
aid for numerous othei- roads then being projected to perfect the railway system of Michigan and the West, 
among them the (jrand Trunk R. U. Since that period he has been engaged in the same cai)acity by 
the Michigan Central, Pcn-t Huron ct North Western and various other railroad companies, also in building 
a hotel at Eaton Rapids, and latterly the Toledo, Ann vVrbor & Northern, the Wheeling &: Lake Erie in 
Ohio and \V^est Virginia. He also oiganized the Kalamazoo & SaginaAV. There is scarcely a town in 
Michigan having railway connections but will recognize Col. Anderson as the prominent factor in securing 
these railway advantages. The colonel not only enjoys the confidence of the railroad compaines, but also 
that of the farmer and the bu.siness man in every community w here he has met them. AVhile much preju- 
dice exists toward railroad corporations (although emphned by them). Col. Anderson has always in his 
transactions had a just regard for the individual rights of the ]iublic, and in his capacity as aid solicitor 
has often acted as the mediator or referee in the adjustment of differences between them. The colonel 
stands over six feet four, stature erect and well proportioned, with a frank, open couuteimnce and a genial 
manner, at once inspiring confidence in his integrity. 

Hugh A. Holmes, Esq., Detroit, Michigan. Hugh A. Holmes took his survey of the beautii^s of life in 
Palmero, Oswego County, New York, in ISoT, and five years thereaJ'ter came with tli(> family to Ovid, 
Michigan, where he received his education, graduating from the Ovid Union School. He at once began 
fighting his own battles and has thus f:ir scored a long line of consecutive successes. His first efforts were 
as a telegraph agent for the I). O. H. ^v: R. R.,at Ovid, which position he held for three years, when he went 
to Ferrysbiirg as agent and operator. At the time he was dealing in hnnber and he found it more profit- 
able to dro]) the " operating" and devote more attention and time to lumber. Fi'oni 1877 to 1888 he 
handled hnnber annually to the amount (jf |325,000, being president of the Owosso Lumber and Coal Co.. 
of Owosso, Mich.; was the founder of the Detroit Loan and Building Association, its first vice-jtrcsidciit 
and still one of its most active directors. He is a mend>er of the Rushmere Club, the Michigan Athli'tic 
Association, but it is in life insurance that Mr. Holmes has made and is adding continually to a jtarticu- 
larly strong and brilliant record. He first began the study of life insurance in 1873 and has made it a 
specialty since He is a relative by direct descent to thegreat English historian and wiiter, Macaulay; is, as 
his portrait shows, a fine looking nmn, just in the zenith of vigorous manhood. He is married and one of 
the most sociable and affiible of gentleman, his strong weakness being base ball, upon whicli he is (piite an 
enthusiast. He also dabbles a little in newspaper work, contributing to several commercial journals, and 
particularly to the Tiinbennan, of Chicago. He was made a master mason in I'alesline Lodge, .No. ;{.~)7. 
of Detroit; in 1885 received the Royal Arch degrees in Peninsular Chapter No. 17, in 188G,and the seveml 
grades of the A.& A. Rite through Michigan Sovereign Consistory in 1889, and is Junior Warden in .Mount 
Olivet Chapter, Rose Croix, D. E. H. R. D. M. He is also a member of Moslem Tenqile, Nobles of the .Mysl ic 
Shrine, Kniglits Templar, 32 degree Mason. Grand Secretary of the Council of Deliberation for Michigan, 
representing the Sui)reme Council of the 33 degree, and counts friends bv the thon.sands. 

Bradford Smith, of Detioit, born at Moira, Fraidclin county. New York, is a lineal descendant of 
William I'radford, who came from England in the Mayflow(>r and was governor of Plymouih Colony for 
thirty years. His grandfather was with (ieneral Wolf in the l)attle of Quebec; liis grandfather, a Revo- 
lutionary soldiei-, wasin the battle of Plattsburg in the War of 1812. His iimteriml grandfather, a Baptist 
clergynmn of .New Hanijjshire, received a conimissioTi from General Washington to serve in the war for 
independence. Mr. Smith graduated from St. Lawrence Academy, was a tutor for four years in St. Law- 
rence county, attended Obeilin College, became a successful teacher, and in 1870 received the degree of A 
M. from his .M ma .Mater. In 1 8.")3 he removed to Detroit, became j)rincii)al of Houghton Fnion School 
and superintendent of the schools in connection wilh it. This position he held for eight years, when he 



1 30 ILL US TRA TED BE TR OI T. 

retired and entered the real estate and iusiuanee busines.s. lie is well known as a, proni])t and lumorable 
business man. He was treasurer and president of the Young Men's Christian Association, of w iiicli he is a 
charter niendier, anil was for a long time a niendjcr of its board of inanagei's. and chairman of its em])loy- 
nient committee. Hundreds of young men in Deti-oit aie indebted to him for their start in life. He was 
superintendent of the Fort Street Sabbath School and teacher of its adult Bible class for many years, and 
heartily engaged in various missionary schools. He has k)iig been identifieil with the tempeiance cause, 
acted with the Prohibition jjarty non-politically, but always a Itepublican in all matters of national inter- 
est. In 1876 the State Prohibition convention ap])ointed Mi-. Smith, in connection with two other gentle- 
men, to bring the (juestiou of prohibition again before the State Legislature. His effoi-ts were crowned 
with pai'tial success, looking towards the jji-otectiou of children, securing a prohibitory law in theii- behalf. 
In 1875 Mr. Smith was appointed by Governor Bagley to look after childi-en under sixteen years of age 
who were apprehended for misdemeanors oi- criminal offences, and to have sui)ervisi()n of their general 
deportment, to whitdi he added the responsibility of looking after their attendance at school. He made a 
careful study of the street boy, and was called guardian-at-large on account of the provision which he 
cau.sed to be made foi- the up-lifting of the bootblack and the newsboy. It was through his efforts that the 
law was jjassed by our legislature foi' the establishment of an ungraded school in wiiich children who c(juld 
not be ke])t in the graded schools nnght get a practical business education. This .school has proved to be 
of great importaiice, nf)t only to the children who ai'e inclined to be truants, but to ;dl the ])ul)lic schools 
of Detroit. Mr. Smith has been highly complimented upon his manner of dealing with the troublesome 
children of the city. 

Henry M. Cheever, who has acquired distinction for his versatile talents in literature, as well as at the 
bar, is the son of the Kev. Ebenezer Cheever, D. 1). (who, during his life, was recognized as one of the ablest 
nunisters in the Presbyterian Church), and of Abbey Mitchell Cheever. Her ancestors were prominent in 
both Church and State in colonial ilays, her great-grandmother, Abigail Wolcott, being a sister to Gov. 
Wolcott of Connecticut, oue of those who signed the Declaration of Independence. HeuT-y ]\I. Cheevei-, the 
subject of this sketch, now one of the oldest lawyers at the Detroit bar (having been in active practice for 
about thirty -seven years), was born June 20th, 1832, at Stillwater, Saratoga County, New York, removed 
with his ])ai-ents to Michigan in 184(), was graduated from the I'ldversity of Michigan in 18.")3. taking the 
degree of Bachelor of Arts, and in 1850 received the degi-ee of Ma.ster of Arts, studied law in the office of 
AVilcox & Gray, and having previously studied law during two years of his college coui'se. he was admitted 
to i)ractice in the fall of 1 854, when just past his twenty-first yeai', and at once entered upon what has 
become a large and lucrative ])ractice. He has kept out of ])olitics entii'ely, and devoted himself strictly' to 
his ])rofession and to literary pursuits. He was a member of the old iioard of I'lducation in the city of 
Detroit fi'om 1857tol8()l, when the board numliei'cd among it.s members Judge Douglnss, D, Bethune 
Dutlield, H. E. P.aker, AVilliam B. AVilkius, William .V. Mooie, Edmund Hall and Dr. Col)b. He was a 
member of the State Board of Visitors to the University of Michigan in 1857 and 1858. Mr. Cheever is a 
staunch Presbyterian, a, man of dee]) religious convictions, though very libei'al in his sentiments, and on 
the occasion of the banquet given by the Presbyterian Alliance in Detroit, in 1N8(), he was selected to 
deliver an address upon the subject of " Presbyterianism and Catholicifcy." II(> was one of the organizers 
of the Westminster Church, has been a mendier of its Board of Ti-ustees for fourteen years, and was for 
foui- years its president. As a general lawyer, Mr. Cheever has nosu]ierior. His ci-oss examinations excel, 
and, while he is gentlemanly, he rarely fails to obt.iin tlie tiuth and expose the false. His ;irguments are 
uniformly good and his wit bi-illiant, but always kind. He does not use a multi])licityof adjectives to give 
<Mn]ihasis. He now enjoys a large and lucrative ])ractice. and is much esteemed by all, and es])e(ially by 
the younger members of the bar, for his kind and considerate treatment when applied to foi- council or 
advice. 

Sarah (iertrude BatdsS, M. D., 17 Sproat Street, one of the first women to be I'ecoguized as entitled to 
the degree of M. !)., by the University of .Mi<-higan, is a lineal descendent, thi-ough her mothei', of Miles 
Standisli, the renowned soldier, the shielil and defense of the i'ilgrims, landing witJi iiim h-om the ship 
Mayflower on IMymouth Itock in 1G20, and also of Captain A\'illiam Bassett, who came t)ver in ship 
"Fortune" in 1G21. Through her father she can claim as ancestor Sir Jo.sejih Banks. She was born at 
Walled Lake, Oakland County, in l.s.'5;). Her ))areuts were among the eai-l_\' pioni'ers of .Michigan and are 
still living, although over four score years of age. The Doctor's childhood days were spent Tq)on the 
farm, and in attentling the distiict school, until the age of fifteen, when she s])ent some yeai-s at the Senu- 
nai-y and State Normal School at Y'psilanti. At the age of seventeen she taught her first school at 
Pleasant Lake, and for (Mght y(\ii-s thereafter taught in the ])ublic s(^hools of Michigan nnd Ohio. \\'ith 
that independence and self-reliance which characterized her ancestors, she had early determined to innkc 
her own way in life. She was not iufiuenced in this decision from pi'cuniary necessity or desire for money 



ILLC'STRA l^ED l>E '/'RO/T. 



131 





MRS. DOCTOk UAWKS. 



MRS. MARTHA STRICKL.VND. 



(as her parents were able to provide for hi-r <;i-atitii-;ition in tliat direction), but was imbued with an enrn- 
est desire to elevate her sex, and secure for them and lierself a recognized equality with nmn in the business 
and intcllectnal woi-ld. After much thought and careful consideration, she made choice of the niedicnl 
pi'ofession, and, much against the wishes of her immediate friends, commenced her preliminary studies at 
her home under the instruction of a neighboring physician, and in ]S71 entered the medical department of 
the Universit}' of Michigan, where, after attending th.rco courses of lectures and ]iassing a. most severe ex- 
amination she took her degree of M. D., in March, 1873. It must not be forgotten that at this time tlic 
act of the Legislature admitting women to the University had been a law only two years, and she luid 1(> 
encounter, both at the time of entrance and graduation, the pri'jndices of a gi-eat majority of educators, 
hence, as Professor A. B. Palmer renia7-ked, "greater pei-fectiou in the requirements are demanded of 
women than of men, as a compensation for this unreasonable and unjust prejudice." Those jirofessional 
men who thus suffered thems(^lves to be influenced in their action toward women failed to remember that 
to "woman" Euroj)e was first indebted for the introduction of inoculation for, the snuill-po.N; ; that it was 
Lady ilary Woitley Montague, the wife of the English ambassador at Constantinople, who, in 1717, affcr 
first testing its efficacy by inoculating her own son, indnc('(l Mr. Maitland, the medical attendant of the 
embassy', to experiment on criminals, which he did successfully, so that in 1721-2 on her return I0 England, 
she, through her efforts, overcame the prejudices of medical men, and the children of the rnyal family and 
the nobility sul)mitted to inoculation. 

Dr. Banks practiced th(> first seven months after gi'a,duating at Ypsilanti, from whence she was aji- 
pointed resident physician at the Women's Hospital and Foundling's Home in Deti-oit. She remained 
there one year, i-esigning to accept anothei- field of professional labor which took her to Xew Mexico, where 
she, in the perfiu-mance of her duties, exposed herself to the disabilities and dang(>rs ini'ident to a fifteen 
hundred mile journey by stage coach from Las Animas through an urisettled, uncivilized and mountainous 
7'egion, and fulfilled these duties to the eiitiri? satisfactioTi of tliose who im])osed them. In regard, to liei- 
services while resident physician of the Wonum's Hospital, the president, Mrs. Itirliard Hawley, says in her 
report referring to Dr. Banks, " Her professional services have been charaeteiized by thorough medical 
knowledge, united with a clear judgment and great ]iru(h'iice in the nianagemeid of the varii-d ami flifficull 
cases that have come under her care. ( )f the ]()."5 adult ]iat ients and the 129 infants cared for b^' her, only 
one adult and twenty-four infants died. When it is consid(>i'ed t hat at the peiiod referred to, the hospital 
conveniences and facilities were exce(Mlingly limited as c(unpai-e(l witli the present, this record of the doc- 
tor has i-arely been equaled. -Returniiig from her mission to New ^h'xico she engaged in the general pi-ac- 
tice other profession, which she continues at the present writing, having won the respect and confidence of 
her professional contemjioi-aries by her skill as a i)i"Tctitioner, and the love and e.^teem of lier patiiMits by 
her womanly sympathy for their sufferings, and the r(^lief affoi'ded b_\- her ]irolessii)nal ministi'ations. Dr. 
Banks was one of the first woman physicians to practice in Detroit, and she has learned in her own exper- 
ience, the truth of the lines : 



132 ILLUSTRATED DETROIT. 

"Tlif world is a iiellU', disturli it, it sliiif.'s: 
(irnsji it lirinly, it stiiii:-; not," 

Mrs. Martha Strickland, attoriipy-al-law, is tho daii.nliti'r of tho ioto Hon. Randolpli Strii-klrmd. a- 
])r()iniiieiit lawyer aud member of Cong'ress from tlie old (Jt li ('ou<>Tessional district from l.S(jJ)to 1871 . ami 
diiriiiji,' his lifetime closely identified witli the interests of IMicliiiiaii and the repnblic. Mrs. Sticidand was 
born at DeWitt, Clinton Conuty, Michiii'an, March 25fli. IS.");}. Her father removing to St. Johns, siic 
there received her education at the public schools. On the election of her father to Congress she accom- 
panied him to Washington as his ])rivate secretary. The year following she vi.sited Salt Laki' City, wlieic 
she remained until a year later with lier uncle, Hon. U. V . Strickland, then I'nited States Judge for I'tali. 
Upon her return home she taught in the public schools at St. Johns, and in the fall of 1873 entered the law 
department of the Michigan University. Failing eyesinht, however, prevented her from comijleling Ihc 
law course at that time, and at the solicitation tjf friends she took the platform and did a gi'cat work for 
the cause of equal suffrage, and the advancement of women. A very eminent judge of Michitian says of 
Mi's. Strickland: "She is a highly accom])lished and educated women, and d('ei)ly h'arned in the law. She 
has for years occupied a prominent place among the most cultivated and refined women of our country.'' 
Mrs. Strickland continued some years on the platfoi-m as lecturer and speaker, when she resumed her legal 
studies and graduated from the law department of tlie Michigan T^niversity and was admitted to tin' bar 
in 18S:5. ^leantime, in 1875, she married Mi'. Leo ^Miller and has one son. I'elieving in the distinct person- 
ality of women she h.as always retained her maiden name, and is known by it. Soon after her admission 
to the bar she entered the office of the pros(>cnting attorney for Clinton County, Michigan, and as assistant 
])i()secuting attorney took ])art in the trial of all the criminal cases of that county for three years, besides 
participating in the conduct of a good civil business. It was largely owing to her skill in the trial of the 
case that the fir.st murderer evei- convicted in that county was found guilty of murdering his thi-cc months' 
old twin boys, for which crime he is now serving a life sentence in State's prison. 

In 1887 she removed to Detroit and entered the law office of Hon. Edwin F. Conely, subsequently opening 
a 71 office other own. She has argued a numl)erof cases before thelNIichigan Supreme Court, and has each time 
won her case. One ofthem entitled Win. S. Wilson vs. Genesee Circuit Judge, in which the right of women to 
hold the office of deputy county clerk was involved, won for her iniicli commendation from the nieniiicis 
of the court and from many eminent jurists in Michigan, as well as those of other States. 

She has in addition to her law i)rnctice devoted much time to the instruction of women in the knowl- 
edge of i)arliamentary law, which she has made highly entertaining to a large number of ladies. 

.Mfied \V. Abraham, the viewer for " Illustrated Detroit," was boin in the Isle of \Yight in 18:5G. From 
1 hence he came to the United States, and located in this city in 18()1, where he has since resided, in 1li(> 
business of photographer, and has taken foi- nminifacturers and othei-s most of the princijial views hei-e- 
tofoi-e and since published, and of those ai)pearing in this work. They furnish evidence of his skill as well 
as good taste in the mechanical execution, and the selection of points from which the views are taken, to 
give them artistic effect, aud to convey a correct impression of the subject or object taken. 

Caj)tain Wm. A. (Javett, general agent of the D., L. & N. R. T\., whose magnificent suite of officers on 
the gi'ound tloor of tln' Hammond building, give him the finest official housing of any raili-oader in the 
city, is a native of Michigan, having iieen born near Adi-ian, in Lenawee County, Februai-y l!)tli, LS+4. 1!\- 
mei-e subti-action it will be seen that Captain Gavett is not so young as he looks. He is the head of a 
grown u]> aud partly growing family. His jiarents came originally from Ontario County, New York, 
removing to Michigan by wagon in INol. At the breaking out of the war of the rebellion, young (iavett 
enlisted in Co. E, 8th Michigan Infantry, at Lansing, August 4th, 1801, and on October, 30th, 18(jl, 
was transferred l)y Gov. Blair to Co. H, 1st Michigan Engineers. There was no masterful inactivity in the 
o])erations this regimeiit was called ui)on to take part in, and the youthful soldier saw ])lenty of active 
service. Following the capture of ^lurfreesboro, at the close of the winter campaign of 18G2-3, aftei- serv- 
ing with his company aud regiment on every march and action, being with them at the caiitui-e of 
Nashville, Shiloh, siege of Corinth, luka, Iluntsville, Bridgeport, rerryville, Lavergne (Stone River), and 
the capture of Murfreesboro, having mai-ched as a jirivate in the ranks (lii-eetimes across Kentucky ami 
Tennessee, and once across Mississijipi and Alabama, he was stricken down with typhoid fever, and after 
becoming unconscious, was carrieil back to the hospital at Nashville. whiM-e he lay many weeks willi 
ty])hoid lever and rheumatism, unable to lift a hand or turn over in bed. ri)on iiartial recovei-y Gavett 
rei)Oi-ted at General Roseci'ans' headtpmrters and sought to be sent back to the front; but being unfit for 
field duty he was ])laced on detached .service by Geninal Roseci'ans, and .a.ssigned to duty with the ^ledical 
I'uiveyor, Department of the Cumberland. No doubt Captain Gavett is the most popular passenger and 
e-eiieral agent in Michigan, but limited space forbids our desire 1o say more. 



ILL US TRA 7:Bn DE TR OIT. 



133 



Ei'rtin Palmer, attorney and counsellor-at-law, ono of the oldost practitioners of the Df^troit ])ar, wlio. 
througii a series of storms and disabilities, has been able to preseive a I'ceogiiition by the members of the 
bar for his legal acumen, and by the public for his integrity, was born in tlie town of Exter, Otsego 
county, Now York, October 10, 1832. He is a direct descendant (m the paternal side of the I'almei's wlio 
emigrated from England in 1G2U and settled at Stoniugtoii, ('onn., and on the maternal side fi-oni (!cii. 
Herkimer, who is so well known in Revolutionary history as associated with Mohawk Valley, New Yoi'k. 
In 1833 Mr. Palmer's ])ai"ents removed to Michigan and located in the tov.-nship of l'>xter, Monroe conn) v, 
where the early days of Mr. Palmei- were sjjent, and where he acquired his primary education. At llie age 
of seventeen he determined to take a collegiate course, and adopt one of the ])rofessions. To provide the 
means he taught school the first year, nieanwhih^ applying himself to the studies preliminary to his col- 
legiate entrance. His first year he spent at Kalamazoo Baptist College, and entered the Michigan T'niver- 
sity at Ann Arbor the following year, graduating therefrom in 1857. He came to Detroit and entered the 
law office of P.ishop & Holbrook, subse(]uently completing liis law studies with Lotlirop & Dnffield. lie 
was admitted by the Supreme Court to practice in 1858. Soon after he engaged in practice, he associated 
himseli' with John Ward, and for twenty years thereafter the firm of Ward ik I'almer was prominently 
known in ^licliigan as authority upon all questions relating to real estate titles. Pi)on the ex])irati()n of 
the cf)-|)artnersliip of Wai-d A: I'almer, the latter associated his son, Harry G. Palmer, with the firm iiaini- 
of Palmer & Palmei-. This firm continued until one year ago, when Harry formed a co-pai-tnershij) witli a 
weltknown attorney of Cleveland, leaving Mr. Palmer alone. Mr. Palmer is well known in church circles, 
and has long been an active member of the Woodward Avenue Congregational Church. 

Daniel Scotten, who has persistently refused to be personated in any of the publications heretofore 
presented, simply because he does not favor fulsomeness in the expression of adulation by the public, was 
born December 11, 1819, in the city of Norfolk, England. Although of English birth, his ancestors were 
Scotch. To that race, therefore, may we ascribe that incision and forc-e which has characterized his 
business operations in the city of his adoption, which induced him first to emigrate to the United States, 
and afterwards, finding that Palmyra, New York, was not the field for him and his life's work, to establish 
himself in Detroit, where he has since resided, and in which he has established a manufacturing industry 
whose name is recognized and known anywhere within the limits of the United States. Daniel Scotten 
came to Detroit in 1853 and entered the employ of Isaac Miller, his contemporaries at that time being 
Ex-Governor John J. Bagley and Hiram Granger, both of whom subsequently engaged in the manufacture 
of tobaccos — the first on his own account and the latter with Mr. Scotten, constituting the firm of Scotten, 
Gi-auger & Lovett. The firm, in 18(32, changed to that of Scotten & Lovett (Mr. Granger retiring), which 
continued the business until within a few years, when, on the retirement of Mi'. Lovett, it assumed the 
name of Daniel Scotten & Company (Mr. Oreu Scotten, a nephew, being the junior member), nianufactuivrs 
of the well known Hiawatha fine-cut and plug chewing tobacco. The works of the com])any are located 
on the corner of Fort street, West, and Campau avenue, and cover an area of about 200 by 1,000 feet. 
The first building erected by Mr. Scotten, fronting immediately on Fort street, recently destroyed by fire, 
has been replaced by a handsome brick, five stories in height, supi)lied with all the modern conveniences 
and ai)])liances necessary for the manufacture of Hiawatha chewing. The city of Detroit is gi-ea1ly 
indebt(>d to Mr. Scotten for many elegant structures erected by him within the past ten years, among them 
Hotel Cadillac, occupying nearly an entire block, the massive brick block occupied by Freund Bros., the 
fine block on the corner of Fort and Twelfth streets, the sjjacious block of residences on Lafayette avenue, 
as well as numerous other private dwellings and business blocks in different ]iarts of the city. His ad<lition 
to the city, by the purchase of one hundred or more acres, which has been sub-divided and now covered by 
fine residences, manufactories and business blocks, is another evidence of his enterprise, activity and ))id)lic 
sjiirit. In ])i-operly estimating the character of Mr. Scotten, the difficulties encountered at theearly jH'iiod 
of his business career should not be lost sight of. His means were extremely limited, and his influential 
friends f(>w in number, yet, by the force of his character, he has wrought out for himself a business success 
which has few paralells. In manner, though somewhat abrupt, he, at the same time, is kind and courteous. 
By habit, he is peculiarly ra])id in his dis])osition of business, and y(>t this rapidity is never allowed to 
d(\iicnerate into hastiness, but is the result of observation, memoiy and a faculty fin- cutting the mental 
(Jordian knots without injuring the rope with which they are tied. Amid the multitude of his business 
cares, Mr. Scotten has found time to do much reading, and keeps himself thoroughly informed in the 
cui'rent literature of the day. 

Jacob Shaw Farraiul, among the records of prominent citizens of Detroit, the subject of this sketch, is 
entitled to a conspicuous place. Jacob Shaw Farrand was a nativ(> of the State of New York, born Alay 
7th, 1SI5. anil came to Michigan with his parents in 1825. who after tari-ying for the summer in Detroit 
l)urclia.'^e(l a farm near Ann .Vi-bor. For two years or more Mr. F.iii'and worked upoii his father's farm 



,34 ILLUSTRATED DETROIT. 

anil ;i poi-tioii of tho timo cun'icl tlii" innil hi'tAVpr-n Ann Arbor and Detroit. After spending: one year in the 
di-u<>,- store of Lord A: Denton at Ann Arbor, he entered the drug- store of Uice A: I5in<i]iani. This Iiouse was 
establisiied in llSl'J by C. I'enninian, chanjics in wliich occurred as foUows: I'enninmn & Uice. then to 
Uice & Biujihani, in 1830 to Edward I5in<;hani, 1m:5G to Edward Binf;,'ham tVc Company. .Mr. Farrand 
bccominj'' the junior partner; in ls4-i' Hre lU'sti-oyed the estabhshnient. On its restoration by .Mr. Farrand 
he continued the business aioue until 1835, wiien it became Farrand A; Wlieaton. In ls.'),s it c]ian<2,-ed to 
Farrand A: Siielly, subsequently to Farrand, Williams & Coni])any, and at the ])resent writinsi' to Fariand. 
Williams & Clark, the style of the firm remainin';- unelinn^vd. as .Taeob S. Farrand, junior (his son), rejjre- 
sents the father. Mr. Fan-and early interested himself in all associations and enteri)rises of a moral and 
benevolent character. In 1836 he was a member of the First Presbyterian Church and a ruliu.o- elder 
therein from 1856 until his decease. He was at this period (l.S3()) one of the ex(>cutive committee of 
the Young Mens" State Temi)eraiu'e Society and secretary of tlie Detroit City Temiiei-ance Society. In 1SC)3 
he was commissioner to the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church at Dayton, Ohio, also a1 its 
nieetine-s in New Yoi-k in 1869. in Detroit in 1873, and in 1877 a delegate to the Presbytei-ian Alliance 
held in Edinburgh. Scotland. In many of tlie religious, charital)le and business institutions of Detroit, 
(where most of his life was si)ent). .Mi-. Fan-and was found to be a ])nnctual, attentiv(\ active, and libi'ral 
member and officer. As a Chiistian he was meek and hundjle, and his Hi-m and unassuming piety gave him 
the esteem, confidence and love of his fellow citizens. His time, services and means were always ready to 
minister to the sick, comfort the affiicted. relieve the needj', and to advance the cause of religion and nuirals. 
Mr. Farrand was for years ]ii-esident of the First National Bank, a, director in the Wayne County Savings 
Bank, of the Detroit Fire and Marine Insurance Company, trustee of Harjjer IIos])ital and of the Eastern 
A.sylum of Michigan for the Insane, president of the Michigan ^Mutual Life Insurance Company, and for a 
number of years president of the Board of Water Commissioners, and a member of the Board of Police Com- 
missioners. The character and cai-eer of .Mr. Farrand presents a useful exani])le to others. They may serve 
to show, that good sense, sound discretion, diligence, industry and unaffect(Hl ])iety may accomplish more 
for the good of mankind, and the advantage of the pos.sessor, than is ever achieved in the absence of these 
qualities by the most brilliant genius, the most vigorous intellect or the profounde.st ei-udition. Such men 
are an honor and a blessing to any community. ( )n the third day of April, 1891 , the sun of his earthly 
life set cloudlessly. Its lengthened rays gave a sweet token to all \\\\o beheld or knew him, of that glorious 
day, without clouds or tears, ujion which his immoi-tal eyes were then ojKuied. His c(jntempoi-aries. James 
F. Joy, H. P. Baldwin, C. F. Buhl, A. C. Mc(iraw, James E. Pitman and Sidney Miller, bore his liody to its 
last resting ])lace, mingling their condolence with his family in its bereavement, and their regrets for the 
loss sustained by the residents of his adopted city. 

Dr. James Fanning Noyes, whose ancestry on both sides is easily traced back to the twelfth century, 
embracing among its members, divines, warriors, lawyers, physicians, and merchants, distinguished for 
their piety and learning, their probity and business sagacity, was born August 2, 1817, in South 
Kingston," R. I. He is indebted for his earliest education to an elder sister, who kept a Kindergarten in 
the summer season for the small children of the neighborhood, and later to his father who taught a private 
school on the farm during the winter, giving instructions in higher mathematics, geometry, and surveying. 
At tho age of seventeen, he taujiht during one winter, which was his first and last experience in school 
teaching. In 1842 he began the study of medicine with Dr. Josci)h Potter, at Waterville, ]\Iaine, continuing 
there until 1844, when he took his first course of lectures at the Medical Department of Harvar<l 
Fniversity, besides taking private instructions of the venerable Dr. II. I. Bowditch, of P>oston, in auscid- 
tration and percussion. Subsequently he attended lectures at the Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, 
from which he received his degi-ee of M. I)., March, 1846. While at Philadeli)liia he took a ]n-actical course 
of ins1 ruction in jjhysical diagnosis of diseases of the chest, with the noted teacher. Dr. Girard. The 
following year he was appointed assistant physician of the Fnited Stat(>s Marine Hos])ital under Dr. G. B. 
Loring. recently ^linister to Portugal. October 16, 1846, he was present at the Massachusetts General 
Hospital, and witnes.sed the first jjublic administration ever made of ant^sthetics (ether) in surgery, then 
called Letheon, by Dr. Wm. T. G. Morton, a dentist in Boston, the discovoTV of which has proved the 
gn>atest boon given to humanity in the 19th century. During the winter of 1847, the doctor attended 
the lectures, and visited the hosjiitals, and clinics in New York, ami Philadelphia, and had for his 
instructors, Drs. Valentine Mott, Martin, Payne, and Draper, of New York ; ar.d Drs. Cibson. Chapman, 
Wood, and Horner, at Philadeliihia. In 1849 he entered into general practice at A^'aterville, :\Iaine, 
spending the winter following in Philadelphia, at his " Alma Mater." In 18r)2, ujion the urgent advice of 
his preceptor. Dr. Potter, he removed to Cincinnati, Ohio. The following year h(> made his first visit to 
Detroit to see his brother, then Superintendent of the Michigan Central Uailroad. Rc^tui-ning to Cincinnati 
he remained there until 1854, when finding his health failing, he embarked in a sailing vessel at New York 
for Europe to benefit his health, and to make a special study of ophthalmology, in com])auy with Uaiihael 



ILLUSTRATED DETROIT. 



'35 



PntiijK'lIy, late Professor of Harvard. On arrival tliey proceoded to Hamhnrp:, from tlienf-e to Hanover, 
where they eiitei-ed the polyteehiiic school, and took lessons in anatomical stndies, and in the (ieruian 
ianfiuage. Witliout going into detail on this visit to Eiii-ope, he studied ophthalmology under I'rofessor 
Albrecht Von Graefe, and ophthalmology with Dr. Iticlubi-d Liebreich. He also took a private course in 
operative sui-gery, with Protessor l$aron Langenbeck. who afterwards became Suigeon (jcneral of the 
Hmpire. While in Beilin, he dined by invitation, with Bai'on Alexander Von Humboldt, the illusti'ious 
(jlerman savant, and was most couteously entertained. Proceeding from Berlin to Prague, ho thoiv 
attended the lectures and clinics of Professors Arit and Petha. November 4, IS.l-t, he left Prague foi' 
Vienna, where he studied nine months, taking instructions in o])hthalmology undei- Pi'ofessor Edward 
Jaegar, and the lectures and clinics of Oppolzer, Skoda, Hyrtl and others. In 185G ho retui-ned to 
Waterville and resumed practice, mainly in the line of his specialty. At a meeting of th(> Maine Medical 
Association ho (exhibited the first " ophthalmoscope" ever seen by its members, and explained its practical 
use. August 15, 1857, he made the first operation in this country for "glaucoma." In 1858 he mad(! 
another visit to Europe, walking the hos])itals of Berlin, Paris, and London. While there he assisted at 
Paris in the first o])eration made in Europe by the Amei-ican method, for vesicovaginal fistula. Eeturning 
to the United States, ho again resumed practice at Waterville, where he performed several operations new 
to the profession, which gained him re])utation, not only in the United States, but in Europe, It was hen; 
he treated his fii-st case of diphtheria. When the war broke out he was the examining surgeon for the 
troops mustered at Augnsta until 1862. ■March 4, 18G3, he settled into pi-actice at Detroit, and 
introduced the fii'st ophthalmoscope and hy])odei'niic syringe ever used in Michigan. He soon entered 
upon an extended and lucrative practice in the line of his s]>ecialty,in the treatment of the eye and oar, and 
has justly been considered the pioneer ophthalmologist of the Northwest. He has occupied the chair as 
l)rofossor in the Detroit Medical College, and of ophthalmic operator at St. Mary's, Harper, and Wonions' 
llosjiital (as Ignited States Pension Surgeon from 18T(J to 1884), and has represented the American 
Medical Association (as accredited), to the British Medical and other similar associations throughout 
Europe, and is an active member of the following: American Medical, American Opthalmological and 
Otological Society, of the American, ^lichigaii, and State ^ledical, the Delroit Aca.dom^y of Medicine, an<l 
an honorary member of the Ohio, Rhode Island, Maine, and Texas State IMedical Associations. The 
doctor is the author of numerous contributions to medical literature. His life work has been devoted to 
his profession, and its calling has bounded his ambition, but two years ago found that he must either gi\i' 
up his practice or his life, consequently he is now taking the needed rest which his physical condition 
demands. Detroit is still his home, and he is as deeply interested in its future as ever. The members of 
the profession still consult and advise with him, as of yore. He has their respect and confidence, as well 
as that of a largo and influontial circle of pi'cjfessional and social friends, who admii'o him for his scientific 
ability, his professional integrity, and for his many noble social qualities of mind and heart. • 

nv i>().\ ('. iii:.\"i)icitsoN. 

Ered Carlisle, the second son of Doctor Lewis Carlisle, was educated for a jjliysician. but nc\i'i- pi-ac- 
ticed. He is well known in Detroit and llirougliout the State, and somewhat throughoul the United Stales, 
from his Ijoing grand seci-etary of the Union League of America during the late ci\il war, and as super\is- 
ing agent of the United States Treasni-y Department, also of the PostofRce Dejiartmont from ISdJ to 
18(j!). His I'ocord, officially, is found in the history of the Treasury and PostofRce Deiiai-fmeiits, and in t he 
history of the Uepublican party. At the dictation of the hito Senatcjr Jacob ^I. Ilowai'd, he di-ew the reso- 
lutions ]iresented by and adojrted at the Jackson convention of 1854, and now has in his possession the 
original nninnsci'ipt, embracing the ])latform of the Uepublican ]iarty. It is said thnt there is not a town 
or handet in Michigan whore he is not ju'i'sonally known to some of its re.sidenls. The political liistor_\- of 
Washtenaw, Jackson, Ingham, Livingsfon, Moni'oo, St. ('lair, ]\Iacomb, Oakland and Wayni' are replete 
with the mention of his acts in the early histoi-_\- of the Republican i)arty. The following tVoni the ])en of 
!•]. W. .Meildaugh demonstrates his characteristics: "A nu)re ellicient and faithful man never hold place 
under any go vernmcmt, as the records of the United States Treasury Department will show." "■ * * 
And the records of the United States courts in the Noitliern and Northweslei'u States furnish evidence^ as 
to his oflicial history. July 10, 1S5:5, lie inari-ied Miss ('harlot to M. Ames, a nativ(> of '\'oi-moiit, who was 
born in t ho town of (ieorgia. on t he shore of Lake Chain plain. .\|iiil 1 -!t h, l'S')5- They have t wo sons and 
lour daughters, all living. 

(looi'ge \\'. Patterson, a citi/.on of Detroit and of .Michigan, who for til'ly years p,i si lias cont ribnied to 
its literature as the ])ublisliei- of dilforont newsi)apors and journals, and at present known as "the old 
book inaii." was born of (Quaker parents and brought iiji in that fiitli. After his graduation in Ls;54. 
ho published his " Lectures on (ieography; ■■ the same year he established the first daily paper in ibiflalo, 
known us the IVvstcru St.-n: After seeing it fairly started, he came to Detroit, ami with Colonrl Daniel 



^,6 



IL L US TRA TE D DJi TR C >/ 7'. 



Muno-er ongau'ed oil till' Detroit Five J'lv.ss. The follow ing- year (is;!.",) he viisitod lln'Soiiih. Roturnin^- 
in 1830, he establiishcil the Cnlliouu Counly Puiriol . .iiid m the fall of the isame year w.is induced to start 
the Niiigara Falls ■lonvnal at Niagara Falls, t'oi- Hcnjaniiii Ralhlton. Selling liis interests in the other 
Ijapers referred to, he i)iiieiiaswl the int^'rest of Judge 1. (". Walker in Ihe (iraiid lUver T'//;ie.s-, and estab- 
lishing it upon a firm footing. He, in 1838, took a journey to Texas, and on Ins return married ^liss 
Mar\' A. Wright. He then for a time engaged in milliTig and farnnng near .Mai'engo, Callioun county. In 
1844 he took charge of the Hillsdale (ru/A'tlr for Mead and S\vei;les. conducting its editorial through the 
Polk campaign of that year. In 1S4() he, with Col. Munger, started at Deti-oil the l>;iily Conunci-cinl 
BuUftin, in the intei-est of the Fi-ee Soil rai-ty. In 1.S4S I'attison and Munger established tlie Michig.iii 
State Journal iithiiui^mix. He subse(]uentiy established at Detroit the ,l/ic/iig;;/y Tcmjicrancc Organ and 
the Fhvnian's .Journal, and in IHdl as sutler of the 13th Michigan Infantry he accompanied it South. 
ReturuiTigiu 18(53, he started and couducteil the /'Vv D'niorrat. Thr Workingnian's Friend. Tlie Agriciil- 
turi.st, and one or two other jouiiials. In 1S()4 lie engaged in the <dd book Imsiness. which he still con- 
tinues. In 180'.) he jiurchaseil tlie ( )nli:ii il Hill Farm, so that he now dixides his time between his book 
store and his farm in the enjoyment of I'xcellent health and spii-its. 




SECOND AXENUE. 




CASS AVENUE. 



Real Estate. 



One of the feature;? of the liusiness world in the United States and one which is recognized throughout the world as a 
distinctively American institution, is our energetic, fair and quick acting method of handling real estate. It is a natural 
outgrowth of the wondrous increase in wealth and population in the United States, and it has been devised, perfected and 
perpetuated by men of remarkable natural acumen in business, who acquiring a good education possess that suavity of manner 
and perseverance which would win success for them in any calling. There are few men of this character, and they are 
almost invariably found in the larger cities. lu Detroit's quota of men of this stamp W. W. Hannan stands at the top of 
the list. Mr. Hannan was born in Rochester, New York, in 1854, but when two years of age he removed with his parents 
to Dowagiac, Michigan, where he passed his youth. As a boy he demonstrated his possession of money making qualities, 
and after successfully graduating from the high school he went to Oberlin, where he took a coui-se of study prejiaratory to 
entering the Michigan University. After a year of study at 01)erlin he entered the literary department of the ^lichigan 
University, where he remained until he graduated. Then he entered the law department, from which he graduated in 1853. 
To thus pui-sue his studies the young man was obliged to put in all his spare time to earning money to pay his expenses, and 
that he came out of college with a more voluminous bank account to his credit than when he began his studies, shows tliat 
be wasted no time. He was very popular at the University, taking a deep interest in his society affairs as a member of the 
Chi Psi Fraternity, being foremost in all athletic and social matters, being not only noted as a sprint runner, but standing 
high as an all-around college man. He was an enrolling and engrossing clerk in the Michigan H(juse of Representatives 
during the sessions of 1881-83 and part of 1885. After graduating in 1883, like the true business man that he is, he 
became a married man and located in Detroit to establish himself as an attorney and counsellor-at-law. As money was his 
greatest necessity lie jiut in his time while waiting for clients by continuing to manage the excursion enterprises for various 
railway and steamboat companies — a work he began while at college — and he was in every way successful. Meanwhile, 
having a natural taste for and an excellent judgment in real estate matters, he had sized up the situation in Detroit so that when 
he was ready to announce himself as a real estate agent and attorney, he signalized his advent in that capacity by a grand 
coup in the management of Hibbard Baker's Woodward Avenue tract. This was followed by a quick and j)rotital)le 
turn of Mr. Baker's Jefferson Avenue tract, opposite the water works. Since then his onward march as a real estate dealer 
has been a veritable march of triuni])!!, marked by the following achievements: The deal whcrcljy JMrs. Hammond bought 
the land on the corner of Fort and Griswold streets, consideration about $1,000,000, and begun the erection of the ten- 
story structure, which is now completed, and the finest office building in the city; the sale of the Duffield Church property to J. 
L. Hudson; the sale of the Unitarian Church and the ]Menzie property to Mrs. Hannnond for 840,000; sale of the Duncan 
property to Messrs. Mills & Barbour; the sale of " Samuel of Posen's " house on High street East for $40,000; the sale to 
E. W. Voight of his farm for $70,000, now held at $250,000; the sale of the Bresler farm on the Gross Pointe road; the sale 
of the Burt property on Woodward Avenue; the sale of the Williams & Frisbie properties; tlic sale of the Chas. Root 
residence, $40,000; three auction sales in the eastern part of the city, and innumerable smaller transfei's, ranging from $5,000 
to $20,000 each in value. The sales of this firm this year will be over $2,000,000. It is not only as a business man 
that iMr. Hannan takes high rank, but he stands well socially, being a member of the Detroit Chili, of the Rushmcrc Clul), 
and of the Michigan Bowling Club, and he is also a stockholder and one of the original directors in the Citizen's Savings 
Bank and the American Banking and Savings Association. In brief, he is of that character which cannot fail to make its 
impress upon whatever enterprise or community it comes in contact, and to the benefit of that enterprise or community. 

The Sandei-son Real Estate Agency, Nos. 23 and 25 Board of Trade, P. G. Sanderson and W. B. Kirtland, managers. 
This agency w;is organized in 1888, and a valuable, substantial and influential jiatronage has been develoi)ed. JNIr. P. Li. 
Sandei-son is a native of the city, and a young man oi integrity and business ability. He occujiies handsomely ajipointed 
offices, which are provided with all modern conveniences. Mr. Sanderson brings a tlioroughly practical experience to bear 
on his enterprise, coupled with an intimate knowledge of the value of realty in the various residental and business sections 
of the city and suburbs. He buj's, sells, exchanges and leases on commission lands, residences, stores, factories, workshops 
and realty of every descriirfion, and has now for sale portions of four sub-divisions comjirising over six hundred lots, of 
which only about seventy-five arc left. This agency controls the plot known as Edgewater, one of the most beautiful of De- 
troit's suburban summer resorts. Edgewater is on the west shore of Grosse Isle, and is truly a beautiful spot, the high, rolling 
ground slojiing to the water's edge. The utmost care and discretion will be exercised in selecting ])urchasei-s in order to have 
a congenial settlement. They also have beautiful residence lots at Point Du Chene, and numerous other additions to tlie 
city, their books showing property listed at over three millions of dollars. This alone is sufficient to guarantee the firm as one 
of the strongest in the city. 

( 



138 ILLUSTRATED DETROIT. 

Jolin B. ]SIoloiiy, real estate, 519 Hammuud building, is especially qualifiefl to offer to inve.Jtors rare and valuable bar- 
gains in real proijerty. It can be said of ]\Ir. Moloney, more truthfully tbau of any other real estate agent in tlie city, that 
his judgment as to values, both for investment and sjjeculatiou, is correct on all occasions. His incumbency of the office of 
City Comjitroller of Detroit, where he was required constantly to exercise a judgment as to the actual worth of property, gave 
him unusual facility for ac(juiring a knowledge of jx-culiar value to both himself and his clients in his present business. 
While lie still liad two and one-balf years to serve, Mr. Molony resigned tlie City Comptn^llership to emljark in the real 
estate business. He has resided in Detroit continuously since 1865, when the city had but 00,000 inhabitants, and has seen 
it grow into its present metropolitan proportions. Receixnng the ai)i;ointment of Dejnity Clerk of the Superior Court, he 
was soon ijromoted to the Clerkship, which position he held for seven years, and resigned to accejrt the place of Collector of 
Internal Revenue for the First District of Michigan, to which he was ajipointed by President Cleveland. His term expired 
during President Harrison's administration, and I\Ir. Molony's services were innnediately required by the city, and he was 
prevailed upon to accept the City Comptrollership. While a warm partisan, Mr. Molony has many associates and personal 
friends anmug his jjolitical opponents, and he is among all classes regarded as a high minded, public spirited citizen, alive to 
the possibilities in line for Detroit, and eager at all times to advance the interests of the comnuinity. He has been especially 
familiar with the growth and progress of Detroit for the past quarter of a century, and has the most unbounded confidence 
in the citv's future. His great practical knowledge of values and rare good judgment has made Mr. Molony's services in- 
valuable in the placing of large loans for individuals and corjjorations. As an instance of his keen perception of a good 
thing and his ability to snap it uji, attention is drawn to the present movement out ]\Iichigau avenue and at Dearborn, in 
which Mr. Molony was the inidoubted jiioneer. The business houses on Michigan avenue are now pushed to within but four 
miles of Dearborn, and who is there that doubts that within a very few years there will be a continuous line of stores from 
the city hall to Dearborn and beyond. Molony's sub-division of 100 acres, comprising 496 lots, 50 x 125, is the chief feature 
of the move in that direction. It is a part of the old military reservation selected by the United States government nearly 
a century ago, as the most suitable and salubrious spot to be had in this locality for an arsenal, and only aliandoned several 
yeai-s ago because of a consolidation of the arsenal with Fort Wayne. Part of the resei-\-ation was thrown open to settlement 
many years ago, and Jlolony's sub-division is one of the old and choicest farms taken up by the early settlers. It is washed 
by the waters of the Eiver Rouge, na^^gable for light draft vessels, and with the completion of the present extensive im- 
provements now well under way for clearing out and deepening the natural channel, the stream will be large enough for the 
largest lake and ocean vessels. The sub-division is but 500 feet from the Jlichigan Central depot, whose proposed suburban 
service will soon give rapid transit. Two electric street railways will soon be running to this tract, one the Dearborn and 
Detroit Electric railway, now in coui-se of construction. ]\Ianufactories are sjjringing up along the line of the River Rouge, 
and this part of the city will soon be thickly settled. A large tract of land has been bought here by the railroad company 
for the erection of shops, and the improvements in sight have served to treble the value of property in the past year. Ow- 
ing to tlie rapid sale of lots in his sub-di\'ision, Mr. IMolony has been twice compelled to increase prices. 

Wm. H. Maybury was born in Detroit, and has lived here ever since. Received his education at the Detroit jiublic 
schools. Business University, Detroit College and Michigan Military Academy. Studied law, but stubbornly refused 
admittance to the bar, although urgently requested so to do by his preceptors, his desire being to know the law and not to 
become a practitioner. He is the only son of Henry Maybury, one of Detroit's oldest citizens, he having settled here 
fifty-seven years ago, and for many of those years was engaged in the real estate business. Upon his retirement Wm. H. 
engaged in the sanie business and has carried it on successfully ever since. 

January 1st of this year he formed a co-jxirtuership with W. S. Walker, formerly Prosecuting Attorney for Isabella 
Count}', this State, under the firm name of Maybury Real Estate Agency. Mr. Maybury has paid especial attention to liis 
father's estate, and also Daniel Scotten's sub-divisions in the western part of the city. Mr. Scotten being so well pleased with 
ilr. j\[a_ybury's transactions, has made him agent for the Wm. E. Lovett estate (he being administrator thereof). The 
sul)-divisionsof these parties consist of between 3,000 an«i 4,000 vacant lots, some of which front ujion the Detroit River, 
and all the roads leading to the city from the west pass through the property, while five street railways cross it. Two years 
ago there were no houses, where to-day the streets are all built up. The projierty is now neai'ly all within the city limits. 

Mr. Maybury is enterprising and ambitious, yet to a degree conservative. He is utterly opposed to booms in real 
estate. He acts honestly and fairly with his customers, shows them the jjroperty, and lets them judge for themselves without 
any particular advice from him, unless his opinion is specially sought. 

Edward E. Harvey, real estate, 38 Mofiat Block. Born at Monroe, Michigan, Nov. 28th, 1862; came to Detroit in 
1881, with Hubbard & Dingwall; three years in the real estate business. April 1, 1890, commenced for himself at his present 
place of business. He has platted and placed on the market his Warren ave. sub-division of 87 lots, which were all sold 
within four months. The Arlington Park sub-division of 427 lots, of which about one-half have already been sold. The 
Central ave. sub-division of 205 lots, 40 of which have already been sold. The Bowen & Warner sub-division on Grand 
River ave., of 100 lots, is being rapidly sold, and nine new houses are under contract Plis transactions in acreage property 
have aggregated several hundred acres during the past eighteen months. His sales for the first year's business aggregated 
over $575,000. His standing among business men is A No. 1, and his success in his own and his transactions for others 
demonstrate his energy, enterprise, and sagacity. 



ILLUSTRATED DETROIT. 139 

Rufiis N. Crdsinan, of Crosmuii's Real Estate Exchange, 44 State street, was bnrn November 13, 18G3, at Whitestoue, 
Long Island, where lie received \\w early education. In 1870 lie removed to San Francisco, Cal., and from thence to 
Detroit in 1872, when he entered the pvdtlic scIkjoIs, and graduating from tlie High School in 18S2, he took one year's course 
in the study of civil engineering at the Univei-sity of Michigan, after which ho accepted a position with the ])urchasing 
agent of the Michigan Central Railroad. Subsequently, after occupying several positions in the departments of that com])any 
in the fall of 1889 he engaged in the real estate business, and first oiiened an office on LafayetU; aveiuie, near (iriswold street, 
From tlie starting for himself, Mr. Crosmau made a s[)i'cia]ty in utilizing large sid)-divisions and selling ultrniate, ])ortions 
only, liis logic being tliat Avhile seeking to enlarge a town or city by additions to their area, you must jirovide for impi-ove- 
ments as you progress, and he therefore, sought liis jjersonal profits as well as the interests of others by improving intermediate 
lots. Achijrting this policy, his i)ers()nal investments, as well as thosi^ made in the interest of hi.s outside customers, have 
uniforndy jn-oveu successful and jirofitablc. Mr. Crosmau has evineetl sagacity, as well as foresight, in his investments out- 
side of Detroit, and in a foreign territdiy, and lias invested largely in Windsor and Sandwich real estate, on tlie op])osite 
side of tlie river. Sn far, the returns In biiii ba\-c lieeii very much to his jiecmiiary advantage. Tliis result only indicates 
that he antieipateil what must shortly !»■ iTali/,(>d, that Windsor and ils dcpen<lenci<s must soon becniiu! a part of Detroit and 
its surroundings. 

Hunt tt Leggett, Real Estate, il4 tirlswold St. 'fliis is one c.f the oldest and best known firms in IIk! city and in these 
days when every jack thinks he can succeed in the real estate business, it is a relief to come across an old established, conser- 
vative and reliable firm. The properties Hunt &, Leggett have jilaced on tlie market and that which they are now offering, 
liave real and substantial value, and the reputation they have made in years of successful dealing is back of every subdivision 
they open and every deal they make. The business was founded in 18()0 by (leo. W. Hunt, ivho died in 1881, and was suc- 
ceeded by his son, W. Q. Hunt, and in 188G the present firm was organized by the admission of ,Tno. W. Leggett to part- 
nership. They conduct a general real estate, loan and iusiiraiKT l)u.siness, as agents and as real estate dealers, handling both 
improved and unimproved city and suliurlian jn-dpcrty, and their l)usine.ss connection afiiii'ds evidence of constant and mate- 
rial increase, and they number among their clinitch' many (jf tlie staunchest citizens and wealthiest propertv-ownei-s in the 
city. Every ward in the city is represented iipnii llieir books, as well as every clii,ss of jiroperty, while liberal and honorable 
terms prevail in all cases. Loans are negotiated on tlu^ most favorable terms. They have veiy desirable jirojierty on Tlazle- 
wood avenue, running from AViHidland avenue to Auburndale, and just outside the citv limits in Highland Park Village, 
wliicli is selling very rapidly; and also fine pi-operty en Owen avenue. This property is sold under building restriction of 
$2,500, and will be one of the handsomest resident stre(^ts in the city, liaviiiL:' sidewalk, shade trees, road bed cindered, and is 
nicely fenced. They have also fine dwelling jirojierty in North End I'aik. This jirojierty is also improved with sidewalks, 
trees, and sold under building restriction of .ISl, 500.00. They n'present the ( ilen's Falls Fire Insurance Company, of Glen's 
Falls, N. Y., and the Norwich I'nioii {''ire Otfice, of Ijigland, and .-ii-e In a |>osilioii tojiromptlv jdacoinsnranceat the lowest 
rates of jireiuium, and to guarantee a speedy and liberal adjustiiieni, nt' Jesses. Jlr. Hunt was born in Detroit, and is prom- 
inent and popular as a jmblic-sjiiriteil business man and a large owner of real estate. Mr. Leggett is a native of Watei-ford, 
Mich., a resident of this city since childhood, and a well known menilier of tlie Detroit Club. Roth are yeiing men of the 
highest social and business .standing, whose continued success and permanent jirosperity Is well as.^ureil. 

John M. Brewer & Co., real estate, 71(1 Ilamnioiid IJiiihling. This firm handles its own pi'ojiertv and is largely inter- 
ested in ilown tiiwii, centrally located business ]ir(i|n>rty and Eiust Side .-iub-divisions. In this ]iart of tlu^ city the firm owns 
nmrc lots than anv other concern or indiviilual in Detroit, and keejis its holding constantly on the move, selling out one sub- 
ilivision only to jilat another and place it 011 the market. The individual members of the firm arc men of large means, and 
it follows that John M. Brewer & Co. has a healthy financial rating and is regarded generally as a first-cla.-^s firm. The 
head of the firm is John ]\[. Brewer, .still a voung man, having been born August 0I, 1857, in the township of Bruce, 
Macomb County, ^lichigan. He received the benefit of a collegiate education, the full course of the Pontiac high schools 
lieing followed by taking the degree of B.A. at the I'niversity of IMichigan, at \m\ ^Vrbor in 1880, and he was a meiiilur of 
the Zeta Psi fraternity. On leaving the I'nivei-sity the young graduate read law at Romeo, jVIicli., for a year, and the year 
fiillowing entered the law office of Tarsney & Weadock, at I'ast Saginaw, and was admitteil to practice in 18,s2. He after- 
wards fiirmed a partnership with Lorenzo T. Duraiid, at the time prosecuting attorney of Saginaw County, the firm name 
being Diirand tl' Brewer. In 1889 ]\Ir. Brewer retired from the firm and the jiractice of law and removed to Detroit, wliere 
he as.-^ociated himself with W. W. Hannan in buying and selliiv,' real estate, until Jlarch, 1891, when he severeil liis con- 
nection, dissolving most of their interests, and fitting np offices of his own in the Hammond Building, embarked in business 
under the firm name of John M. Brewer it Co. The company is John H. and II. Kirk Howry, of East Saginaw. They 
arc e.xten.sively engaged in the luinbering business, and are also interested in cattle ranches in tlie We-^t. 

Homer Warren, real estate and .securities, 58 and 59 Buhl lilock. Probalily no <lealer in the city has a wider general 
ac(|uaintance than Homer Warren, and it is purely for the information of strangers and jiersons out.-iidc of this community 
that this sketch is wi'itten. Since his entry into the real estate field, but two yeai-s ago, he lias taken a front rank and on all 
sides is regarded as a successful, cajiable and thoroughly i-eliablc l>roker, who.<e information and knowledge as to values and 
busine.'« instinct of the future development of iirojiertics is beliind no man's in the city. ^Iv. Warren has been a resi<lent of 
Detroit since 1873. He was liorn in Macomb County, Micliigaii, in 1855, and .sought the metropolis of his native State in 



140 ILLUSTRATED DETROIT. 

search of Lis fortune. He was employeil in a leading book store for six years, became a Federal employe in tlie U. S. 
Custom House, whore for ten years he severally served as abstract clerk, bond clerk and cashier. He resigned owing to ill 
health, and afterwards made the race for County Clerk on the Republican ticket, suflering defeat solely because of his party's 
minority. At the close of the campaign he fitted iqi his present elegant svute of offices and embarked in the real estate 
Ijusiness. Success was instanter. Friends formed during his many years residence in the city crowded about him, ofToring 
him their business and aiding him in every way. He obtained the handling of a large and tine list of jiroperties almost at 
the start, and full-fledged entered the tiekl with older established concerns. It was no waiting matter, and in quick suc- 
cession rapidly selling sub-divisions were placed on the market and disposed of. He is now offering lots in Huffield and 
Dunbar's sub-division on Euclid avenue, jMoore, Hodges and Wari-i^n's sub-division on Belmont avenue, and others at 
prices that will soon show handsome profits to the purchasers. Mr. AVarrcn is about to place on the market a large sub- 
division running from Jefferson avenue north to Mack avenue, just opjiosite the north end of the Belle Isle bridge, a 
district regarded as the most favoraldy situated for residence purjjoses of any in the city. He ha.s also a large ti'act opposite 
the Peninsular Car Works on Ferry avenue, which will be disposed of in parcels to suit the purchasers. The tract fronts 
on Feriy, Kirby, Frederick and Farnsw(n'th avenues. I\Ir. Warren makes a sjxjcialty of the care and management of 
estates, secures tenants, collects rents, pays taxes, insurance and looks after the property of principals as an agent generally. 
He makes and secures loans on real projjerty. In social life Mr. Warren occupies an enviable place. He is the fortunate 
possessor of a rarely sweet and pure tenor voice, which has been heard in the choir of the Fort Street Presliyterian Church 
for the past ten years, and with great frequency at private and public nnisicales, concerts and other entertainments. 

Frank C. Andrews, who is associated with Mr. Warren, was born in the same county, viz., Macomb County, in 18V0, and 
coming to Detroit about one and a half years ago almost immediately entered Mr. Warren's office. In Sej)tend)er last ]Mr. 
Andrews purchased from John Curry & Co., the Windsor bankers, a sub-division on LaSalle and Scottcn avemics, near 
Plymouth Avenue, and closed it out entirely within a few weeks. He immediately with jMi-. AVarren purchased the 
remaining lots in Curry's sub-division on Russell Street and Pallister and Cameron Avenues, just north of the Bovdevard. 
All of these have been disposed of at an average of $400.00 each. Within two days after the IMarrenetta suli-divisiou in 
Windsor was placed with Mr. Warren for sale, Mr. Andrews disposed of 11.^ of the lots. He haa shown excellent judg- 
ment in real estate matters and is entrusted with all the business of the office whenever j\Ir. Warren is absent from the city. 
Mr. Andrews is an active mendier of the Detroit Athletic Club, the Detroit Musical Society, Detroit Boat Club, and an 
h<inorary member of the Light Infantry. 

John G. D((wnie, operator in real estate, 301 Hammond building. A native of Scotland and born in the city of Glasgow, 
came to Amei'lca in 1860, and after fifteen yeai's' experience in the clothing and boot and shoe trade, and being i-easonably 
successful therein, he made an investment in real estate in the ea.stern part of Detroit of $10,000, which quic'kly brought 
iiim a return of $20,000, since which he devotes his entire time buying and selling for himself and others, vacant lots and 
acreage propertv, j)rincipally in the East End. Thus far his business has increased rapidly, and proven profitable both for 
himself and his customers. 

Charles T. Miller, real estate, 93 Shelby street, is one of the younger dealers, and has been established about a year and 
a half, yet he has long demonstrated his adaptability to the business, and maile for himself a reputation as an honest, 
conscientious and reliable dealer. A native of Michigan, a citizen of Detroit all his life, prominent in social cii'cles, Mr. 
Miller brings to the real estate business the benefit of a wide and very general acquaintance. Since graduating at the Uni- 
versity of Michigan at Ann Arbor, in 1888, he has taken a prominent part in amateur athletics, and besides being one of 
the crack tennis and ba.se-ball players, he is regarded by his fellows of the Detroit Athletic Club, as one of the best all 
around athletes in the city. He handles property on commission only, and makes a specialty of first-class sub-di^-isions and 
acre property ; he carries a fine list of improved business and residence oflTcrings ; collects rents, acts as agent and buys, 
sells and exchanges on commission. The chief sub-division in which Mr. Miller is interested is that of Highland Heights, 
for which he is the exclusive agent. Highland Heights is less than five miles from the city hall, and much nearer to the 
business center of Detroit than the Hyde Park district is to Chicago, and all this section of Woodward avenue is destined to 
be the Hyde Park of Detroit. The building restrictions now entailed upon all of the '\^'oodward avenue sub-divisions make 
it impossible for cheap improvements to ever be in vogue here. The building restriction at Highland Heights is placed at 
$2,000, and the numlier of attractive features that tend to make this sub-division especially desirable as a place of residence 
for people of wealth and culture will prevent the construction of any dwellings not in keeping with the first-class surround- 
ings. A fine prospectus containing a map of the city, and a fine plat of this sub-division, has been issued by Mr. Miller, and 
will lie mailed free to any address. The gro-ni:.h of Detroit is assured by the extension to the city of new railroad lines, 
notably the Canadian Pacific, by the constant organization of new manufiicturing industries, and by the erection of many 
stately public and private buildings. In order that the property here advertised may be built up in a tastefid and thorough 
manner, very favorable terms will be made with purchasers who wish to build at once. The details of these terms may be 
learned by inquiry at the office of Mr. Miller. 

Charles W. Harrah, 103 and 104 Griswold street, is the manager of the Harrah Real Estate Exchange. This concern 
has been established for about five years and has been under the direct su]iervision and direction of Mr. Harrah, who in 
that time has gained the distinction (jf being the greatest sub-divider in the city. It is a great thing to say of a man in a 



ILL US TRA TED DE TR Ol T. 



T41 



community as populous as Detroit, that more persons have bouglit the beginning of their homes through him than of any other, 
and yet this can be truthfully said of Mr. Harrah. His lots have been mostly sold to wage-workers, men of family, intent on 
securing a home of their own, and the terms of easy payment offered by Mr. f larrah have brought the fulfillment of their 
desires within their reach. It is but his just due to say of Mr. Harrah that he has been at all times a leader in the various 
real estate movements. He has been content only when at the front, and his success lias been astonishing. Last year the 
Harrah Real Esstate Exchange sold nearly 2,300 lots, a larger number by far than any other dealer in the city. The 
exchange now has in the market several sub-divisions at Milwaukee Junction, Gratiot avenue, and in the Springwells and 
River Rouge districts. The prices of these various lots range from $150 to $.500. Mr. Harrah has a number of fine acre 
tracts in the Spriugwells district, already ripe for sub-division, which he holds at $1,500 to $2,000 per acre. He makes a 
specialty of handling property for exchange, and has now on his list more property for exchange than of any other firm in the 
city. There are no drones about the Harrah Real Estate Exchange. Mr. Harrah is a rustler himself, and his exami)lc is 
infectious and the large volume of business transacted by him, can be appreciated when it is known that he employs more 
salesmen than any other dealer in Detroit. It must not be understood that the business is confined to the selling of lots, for 
the Harrah Real Estate Exchange carries a fine list of some of the choicest business and residence property. Investors will 
do well to open a correspondence with Mr. Harrah. 

Shelley & Simpson, Real Estate and Fire Insurance, 416 and 417 Hammond Building. Whatever may be said of 
young, enterprising and daring real estate operators can be ajjplied t(j this firm, -which has, since its entry in the Detroit 
market, taken first rank. A long and careful business training and many years residence in the city have qualified both 
Mr. Shelley and ]Mr. Simpson for the exercise of a judgment as to real property values alike valuable to their clients and 
themselves. Their movements in various directions of the market are as a ride in lead of other operators and the rapid de- 
velojiments of certain sections of suburban Detroit is the result of pioneer investment liy Shelley & Sim^'son. The jjartner- 
shiji was formed in April, 1890, and soon after they purchased Dr. Longyear's Bismark avenue sub-division on Clieue 
Street, near the Detroit Radiator Works, which proved a rapid seller, the lots now being ni(}stly sold. The wi'll-known 
Buena Vista sub-division on Woodward avenue, of one hundred lots, was then put on the market and closed out ^^■ith aston- 
ishing success. Their success here jiut them right in line with high-class residence lots, and with an unusual show of enter- 
prise they secured what were previously known as the Carter and Pallister farms out Woodward avenue, coinjiosed <;f fifty- 
one and one-half acres, which at a great expense they platted and laid out as T\ixedo Park. This beautiful tract of land 

has three broad and magnificent avenues running westerly from W l\var<l aveiuie to Auburndale avenue, which are 

romantically named, Tuxedo, Elmhurst and Monterey avenues. A .stringent building clause has limited the sale to jku'Sous 
desiring only the choicest surroundings for a dwelling place and the contracts already let by purchasers fiir homes are fir the 
best style of modern residences. Tuxedo Park hits have met with a ready sale and are rapidly enhancing in value, (^iie of 
the latest purchases of Shelley & Simpson has been a fifteen acre tract from the Wesson estate lying on the north side of 
Mack aveiuie, which they have platted into 150 lots. Jayne and Laclede avenues, two wide and handsome thoroughfares, 
run through this sub-division. Associated with several well-known business men, Messrs. Shelley & Simpson have lately pur- 
chased a large tract of land niunbering about four hundred acres, located on Timlier Lake, just outside of the corpi irate 
limits of the city of Pontiac. This is one of the most beautiful and romantic spots in Michigan and it is intended to make 
of it the most attractive, convenient and accessible summer resort in the vicinity of Detroit. This firm dnesudt confine 
itself to the handling of its own jn-operties, but transacts a large and growing connuissiou business, to which they gi\-e speciid 
attention. Rejsresenting the St. Paul f Jernuui Fire Insurance Company, of St. Paul, IMiMU., and the Sun Fire Insurance 
Company, of San Francisco, Cal., they are also jircpared to write insurance email classes of buildings, furniture, etc., at 
the lowest rates. 

Edward I. Stimson, Real Estate Broker, 220 Hammond building is a young nuin born in Detroit, sou of the late Benja- 
min G. Stimson, a prominent and highly respected citizen, who came to Detroit in 1837. He graduated from the Law School 
of the Michigan University in 1879. His legal training and practice peculiarly fit him fir a safe, conservative broker. He 
engaged in the real estate business in 1884, has a large circle of friends, and his wide acquaintance with men of extensive 
means has enabled him to make a great many large sales, as instanced within the last few nuinths by the sales of the Ten 
Eyche farm on Michigan Avenue and the property of the Farrand estate on the Boulevard and Twelvth Street, each pale 
being over $100,000. Mr. Stimson does an exclusively commission business, has no speculative interest in the ju'operty dis- 
posed of, so that the j)urchaser secures a real value for his money. His list comprises choice business, residence, unimjirovcd 
city property and farms. The owner, speculator or investor will always find his interests safe in the hands of Edward I. Stimson. 

Orry A. Harrington, real estate, 221 IIammon<l building. Jlr. Harrington's business career dates from early buyhood. 
He was born at i\[onroe, jMicli., July 8th, 185.3. Obtaining a position with llie American Exi)re.ss Conqjany, at jronrne, lie 
received rajiid promotion in its services, and in recognition of his aliility was simhi transliricMl to the Detroit office, where he 
was placed in charge of the money di'partment, a very responsible jiosition, which he held with marked fidelity. He came to 
Detroit in 1870, and the year following was married, and now resides in a jileasant li(ime on Secimd Avenue, in that .«i'etion 
of the citv known as the Ca.«s Farm. Mr. Harrington's keen business ]ierce|itiiins wimhl not admit of his being long 
unmindful of the ojiportunities ]iresented in Detroit reality fir making mimey and by judicious investments he was so 
fortunate that in .several yeai-s his real estate interests had grown to .such magnitude that he was constrained to resign liis 



142 ILLUSTRATED DETROIT. 

position with the express company, a connection he liad retaineil for over fmn-teen years, anrl devote his exclusive attention to 
real estate matters. He does a regular brokerage husiness, liesides handling his own propc.'ty. He has placed a number of 
sub-divisions of his own on the market, all of which have Ix-en in high favor, and were quickly disposed of. A rule of his 
office is never to list a piece of property at a higher price than his own judgment warrants him in believing it to be actiudlv 
woith, and this, with other fine l)usiness nuixims strictly lived up to, have matle him unifi)rmly successful. ]\[r. Harrington 
loves the good things of life, and in his home is surrounded by the comforts and luxuries of the modern home (jf an American 
gentleman of means. On the avenue he may frequently be seen holding the reins over a neat bit of horse-flesh. With 
several other gentlemen, Mr. Harrington is the owner of an extensive property at the St. Clair Flats, known as the 
"Moorlands," where they are about to erect a elul> house, and arc now engaged, by means of dredging and filling in, in 
making land and imiirovcments destined to transform a dull, flat and uninteresting place into a suburban Venice. The 
charming cottages, vilhis and club houses of the exclusive and wealthy persons who will sjiend the heated period at this 
delightfidiy cool and favored s]iot, will serve to make the Moorlands the most attractive jiai't of the Flats. A huge dredger 
is now cutting wide, canals along the entire length of the chainiel frontage, and the soil thrown up will be converted into a 
maguilicent driveway, the only thing of the kind on thi' Flats. 

George W. .Snover, dealer in real estate and loan agent, at 103 Ciriswold street, was born in New Jersey, in 18.35, and 
came to Michigan in 1851, locating on a farm near Romeo, Macoudj County. He prejiared for college at the Dickinson 
Institute, of Romeo, Prof. D. B. Briggs, principal, and entered the University of Michigan in 1858, from whence he 
graduated in 18()2, and at once engaged in tlie book trade at Ann Arbor. Owing to his having been a student himself he 
enjoyed their patronage, and made business a success for over five years. He delights to refer to the confidence which 
all young men who attended the University had in him, and he in them, for he trusted them with books when they did 
not have money to buy with, and during the five years never lost but four dollai's, through a medical student, who 
subsequently gave his life to his country during the late Civil War, and therefore he considered it jsaid also. The subject of 
this .sketch (being an invalid) could not go to the front where his heart went, and therefore furnished a substitute, and aided 
the cause by his unfeigned sympathy, and warm words for all engaged on the side of the Union, and also aided not a little 
in ridding the luiiversity from the rabid " Southern " element and sym])athizers. On account of jjoor health he changed his 
business to traveling for a life insurance company, which he followed for ten years, coming to Detroit as general agent in 
1871. In 1875 he added real estate and loaning money to his business. A year or two later finding his time .so occupied 
by the latter he decided to devote his whole attention to it, and abandon insurance. For several years he was one of the four 
principal real estate dealers in Detroit, and his business grew into such magnitude that his health entirely gave out, comjjelling 
him to quit the business for a few years. Having regained his health he has once more taken his place in the front rank of 
real estate and loan agents in this city and State. His business is not confined to Detroit alone, but his transactions involve pine 
and hardwood lands in large quantities, as well as city projaerty. He is considered one of the best p(jsted and consequently 
one of the best judges of values of real estate in Michigan, and this knowledge of values he considers as a valuable " stock 
in trade." 

Cyrus Johnston, born February 15, 1851, on the site of the present biulding occupied by the Justice's Courts, was 
educated at the public schools of Detroit from the time he was eight 3'ears of age. He spent eighteen years with his father 
at Lake Superior, after which he succeeded him (J. W. Johnston) in the real estate business, which he is at {jresent success- 
fully i)rosecuting. Mr. Johnston is a man full of energy and enterprise, alive to all matters tending to advance the material 
prosperity of Detroit, full of generous impulses, quick to observe and detect selfish and mercenary designs, and while not 
vindictive, favors the punishment of all violators of the law and order. His father, J. W. Johnston, was a man who did 
much in the way of enlarging the boundaries and building up the city. His name ajipcars upon the County Register more 
frecpiently in connection with the purchase of lands, and his sub-di\nsions of the city, more than that of any man of his day. 
On his death, Cyrus took entire charge of his extensive real estate business, which he has since closed uj), bringing out for 
himself and his fellow heirs a handsome fortune. 

Frederick P. Bolton, the subject of this sketch, is one of the rising and prominent young real estate men of Detroit. 
Although he has not been identified with the real estate business over three years, he has firmly installed himself in the busi- 
ness, and by strict attention to the details of his business, coupled with honoralde and conscientious dealing with his clients, 
he has gained the respect and confidence of the business community. He is rejJuted to be quite a sage on real estate values, 
his ventures invariably coming out successful. His latest sub-divisions lying on Mack avenue, a short distance east of the 
city limits, is conceded by good judges to be an excellent investment. Although a member of two or three prominent clubs, 
and ))osscssing a very jovial disjjosition, he is quite domestic in his habits, and after business hours can usually be found at 
his cozy and pleasant home, surrounded by his ■wife [daughter of the late Thos. Reath] and his interesting little family. Per- 
sonally he is very populai-, and his friends predict for him a j^rosperous and honorable career. 

Frank C. Rcaume, real estate, suite oil Hanmiond building, is to the manor born. His jiarents were Detroit resi- 
dents, and the subject of this sketch first saw the light of day July 24th, 1865. It will be seen that he thus stands as a rep- 
resentative of the enteiiirising younger element in the city's business circles. Young Eeaume has been a real estate dealer 
since the (hiys when \v.\ fashioned marketable nnul pics and he knows Detroit values, and especially down town ones, as well 
as any old head in the city. His early training made an all around I'ustler aud business man of him. He had an excellent 



ILLUSTRATED DETROIT 143 

common Sfhool pdufutidii, and afU'rvvarrls tuok tlio law course at the University of'Mieliigan at Ann Arbor. He liarl read some 
law before entering college in the law office of Winsor Scofiekl, of Bay City, and on liis retnrn from the University lie entered 
the office of Alfred Wilcox in this city, where he completed his studies and was admitted to the bar in 1888. Ojjportunities 
for making money in real estate fascinated the youthful Blackstone, and tossing aside his books he embarked in the realty 
market. His success w'as instantcr, and his four yeai-s experience promises a brilliant career. He lias placed tw(j large 
sub-divisions in West Detroit on the market, and has bought and sold with rapid advances choice down town business and 
residence p.roperties. Mr. Reaumc is now leading the strong movement in Grand IJiver Avenue jiroperty, wlieio lie lias 
many choice bargains. Reaume & Gschwind's sub-division, out this direction, recently placed on the market, is being rapidly 
disposed of. 

George T. Abrey, attorney and counsellor-at-law and real estate operator, office at 26 Moffiit Building, Detroit, and 
102 East Main street, Owosso, Michigan, is the son of Daniel Abrey of this city, and was born at Greenville, ]Monlcalm 
County, in the month of March, 1886. Mr. Abrey is a graduate of the Detroit High School, and after graduating from the 
law department of the University of Michigan, wiis admitted to the bar April loth, 1886, since which jieriod he has been 
engaged in the practice of his profession, in connection with his extensive real estate transactions. His first real estate 
venture was in Windsor, Ontario, from which he realized i)rofitable returns. Among his present holdings are 2,400 l(jts in 
Woodland Park addition to Owosso; 1,200 lots, Highland Heights addition to Durand, Michigan; 1,400 lots in Tecumseh 
Heights (addition to Windsor, Ontario); 110 lots in his Mount Elliot sub-division, and 122 in his SOtli Street sub-division, 
both the latter in Detroit. As will be inferred from the extent of his real estate operations, INlr. .Vbrey must ])ossess enertrv 
and enterprise and good business sagacity, which must ultimately place him beyond the reach of i)ecuiilaiy embarrassment. 
He has a large circle of social and business friends with whom he is exceedingly popular. 

James A. Visger & Co., real estate, 24 Jlott'att Block. This firm is made up of father and son, ilio fornur a member 
of one of the old French fiimilies tliat were among the first settlers of Detroit. He was born in Springwells, July 30, 1824, 
and his long and useful life has been sijent entirely in this community, where he is one of tlie best known of our citizens. 
Mr. Visger has held public office almost continuously ever since accpiiriiig his majority and he has held the various 
positions to which he has been chosen with nuieli honor. His son, Robert H. Visger, the junior member of tlie firm, was 
born at the siliurl) of Ecorse, and after completing his education he was variously engaged in business pursuits, .seliool teach- 
ing and traveling, until the fii'm of James A. Visger & Co. was formed in January, ] 889. The fii-m does a general 
brokerage business, besides handling properties on its own account. They have confined themselves largely to movements in 
the East End and Ilamtramck and have been very successful. Their Little Giant sub-division is now inside the city limits 
and city improvements will soon be made. L(jt owners will have no city taxes to j)ay until July, 1892. OfRoliertH. 
Visger's personal characteristics he is described as a most genial, affiilile ami social young man. Ho is square and upright in 
his dealings and has the confidence of all who have ever done business witli him. He has a wide general acquaintance, is 
prominent in social circles and one of the most popular members of the Detroit Light Guard. 

Thomas S. Sprague, real estate, 818 Hammond building. During the i)ast five or .six years, Jlr. .Sprague hte dealt largely 
in East End real estate. Pie has been a wholesale dealer exclusively, and has given his time and attention to handling some 
of the most extensive and successful sub-divisions in that direction. AVith Josejih 8. Visger he has had the handling of the 
Livingston sub-division at Henry and Rivard streets ; Visger & Downie's sub-dixasion in the East End ; Visger & Sprague's 
sub-division on the West 8iile, and 8[)rague & Visger's sub-diN^sion on the east side of Gratiot and MeClellan avenues; Visger 
& Sprague's Cadillac boulevard sub-division of 627 lots ; Yeamans & Siu-ague's sub-division, corner of Jefiei-son and ISFc- 
Clellan avenues, and many acre tracts in the eastern section of tlic city. He only handles ])roperty in which he has a material 
interest, or is the ow'ner, and buys and sells for speculation and investment. 

Josephs. Visger, real estate broker, 818 Hammond building. Li the belief that concentrated efibrt is jiroductivc of 
better results than the spreading of one's interest in every direction, Blr. Visger has aimed to coiiliiie his operations in the 
real estate market as nearly as possible in the same section of the city, and tliis will ex])lain wliy so many sub-divisions in 
what is known as the East End bear his name, either in whole or in jiart. In the three years he has been in the real estate 
business, he has had the handling of various sub-divisions in this (juarter of the city, several of which have been closed out 
entirely, and now owned and largely occujiied by wage-workers. Chief of these sub-divisions were the Livingifton's sub- 
division at Henry and Rivard streets ; Visger & Downie's sub-division in tlie Ea.st End; Visger & Sprague's sub-divisi<in 
on the west side of Gratiot and ]McClellau avenui's; Sprague cfe Visger's sub-division on the cast side of the same street; 
Visger & Sprague's Cadillac boulevard sub-division, containing over 600 lots ; Yeamans & Sprague's sub-division at Jefitr- 
son aveiuie and JfcClellan avenue, and othei-s; in all over 3,000 lots, of which many more than half have been sold. 
IMcanwhile Mr. Visger's sales of down town improved property have aggregated over S22."),000. He makes a specialty of 
farms and farm lands and probably has the largest list of this kind of property of any dealer in the city. Particularly is 
this true of stock farms, of which he can a^cv a great many, and at rare bargains. He has also a fiiit^ list of choice im- 
proved and income-bearing prf)perty for investoi-s, and plenty of East End acreage ri])e for sub-ilivision. 

George Edward Hutton, real estate. This young and enterprising dealer is rajjidly taking a fivmt rank in real 
estate circles, and if the numerous and extensive deals he has ])utfliroiigh in the short time he has been engaged in tiu; business 
may be taken as a criterion, it can be safely ventured as a prediction that the oldest and l)est established dealers in the city 



144 ILLUSTRATED DETROIT. 

will soon be eiiviou;^ of his successful record. He is of New England birth, ha\'ing been born in Hartford, Conn., October 
5, 18(jl, and removing with his parents to Detroit at tlie early age of seven years. He obtained the lienefit of an education 
in the city's public scliool, and afterwards worked on his father's farm in Redford, Wayne County. For seven years he was 
a salesman in the retail liardware business, and for the two years prior to his entry into the real estate business he was in the 
employ of the American Express Company. 

William W. Ferguson, real estate and insurance, 101 Griswold Street, was born in Detroit in 1857, and at the age 
of twelve years first embarked in business, being the pioneer merchant of his race in this city. He peddled newspapers on 
the street and would not be driven from the field in face of a most vigorous and hard fought boycott. He was also the 
first boy of his race to enter the Detroit public schools, and the question raised by his entering them was an absorbing one 
at the time. Young Ferguson had a hard battle to fight in and out of school owing to race prejudice, and as he was also 
obliged to earn a livelihood while obtaining an education, his life was full to the brim of early struggles. These but intensi- 
fied his character and his desire for learning, and as a result he stood at the head of his class in nearly every grade and 
finally graduated from the high scliool with honor. In the meantime he had acquired tlie printer's trade by his ow^n eftbrts, 
and w;^svariously employed by different newspaper and job offices, and in 1883 he organized the Fergu.son Printing Company, 
and liaving meanwhile formed the acquaintance of nearly every real estate dealer in the city he obtained from tliem the 
bulk of the printing in this line and while be continued the business there was printed in his office nearly all of the forms 
of abstracts of title for the new sub-divisions placed on the market in the pa.st eight jears. His bu.<iness association with 
real estate dealers and the fact that these abstracts were jJrinted by him gave Mr. Ferguson an intimate knowledge of values 
and piices and he soon put these to use by embarking in the business for himself, which he did April 1, 1890. He has 
made a specialty of North Woodward avenue projierty and has been very successful, his sales in this direction alone during the 
first year's business aggregating over §150,000. He is hajjjiily married and resides in an attractive home at 225 Alfred 
Street with his family, which consists of his wife and two children. Mr. Ferguson is regarded as a safe, reliable business 
man and a representative in the best sense of the colored race. He is variously interested in other commercial and business 
euter])rises and is right in line for the accjuirement of a fortune. 

Thomas Harrison Welch, j)resident of tlie Welcli Real Estate Exchange, is a Micbigandor by birth, and like most of the 
presidents of the United States, the son (jf a farmer, alth(jugh his paternal antecedents were men distinguished in war and 
letters, his father, the late John 8. Welch, of ilarino City, being a veteran of the IMexican war, and his maternal ancestors, 
the Bagleys, have been successful business men for several generations, both in this county and Europe. At an early age 
the subject of this sketch showed remarkable aptitude in acquiring an education, and long before he left the farm or reached 
his majoi'ity, was the equal of his teachers. Having reached this point, his parents desired that he should have ample 
opportunity t<i (jualify himself fin- any calling be desired to follow. The height of his ambition was to become a business 
man, and he chose a business education, graduating from the Bryant & Strattoii Business University in 1881, witli the honor 
of ))eing the best mathematician who ever attended that college. The day he left school he accepted a position as book-keeper 
and cashier of one of the leading Woodward avenue mercantile houses, which position he resigned after a service of seven 
years to accept a more remunerative one as accountant in the Dime Savings Bank, where he soon became a stockholder, and 
remained two years ; when he resigned to engage in the real estate business, with which he had been more or less connected 
for several years. To say that Mr. Welch has been remarkably successful is but putting it gently, for to-day he is conceded 
to be the largest wholesale dealer in Detroit, confining himself principally to bu.sinoss property and acreage. Of the latter 
he in comi^any with Chas. W. O'Brien were the pioneers of the recent great activity on JMichigan avenue, where they 
bought more acreage than all the rest of the dealers in Detroit combined, and disposed of every foot of it at a handsome 
margin within three months. Mr. Welch is considered an expert on real estate values, and there are scores of cajjitalists who 
have jirofited by his judgment, who never make an investment without consulting him. His knowledge is not confined to 
Detroit alone, for he has visited and sized up almost every large city in the United States, but declares there is no place to 
equal Detroit for those seeking a profitable investment or a beautiful resident city, com230sed of a refined and wealthy people. 

Charles W. O'Brien, real estate, 76 Mofliit building. Born in County Kerry, Ireland, near the beautiful Lakes of 
Killarney. Received a common school education, and at the age of fourteen was apprenticed to a dry goods merchant at 
Kilhirncy, with whom he received a fine commercial training. At the end of six years he emigrated to the United States, 
landing at Boston in 1879. Acting upon the advice of Horace Greeley, " Go West," he looked over the country and in two 
weeks landed in Detroit, where he was fortunate in obtaining a position with Messre. Freedman Bros., at that time a leading 
dry goods house. He remained with them until misfortune overtook them, when be entered the employ of Xewconib, 
Endicott & Co., until 1889, when he accepted a position with Mandel Bros., of Chicago, as buyer. He continued with them 
a year, when he returned to Detroit, and engaged in the real estate business, associating himself with " The Welch Real 
Estate Exchange," which has created such a furore on ^licliigan avenue, and made some of the most extensive sales ever known 
in Detroit's history. Mr. O'Brien is a nephew of M. W. O'Brien, president of the People's Bank. 

C. M. Burton, abstracts of title. Abstract building. The making of abstracts of title is a comparatively new business. 
In a new country or in an old community not thickly settled, every person supposes that he knows the doings of his neighbor, 
and ill such places abstracts are of little use, and there is little demand for them. As the transfers become more frequent, 
and property changes ownershij), new sub-divisions, plats and allotments are made, the necessity for abstracts increases. The 



ILLUSTRATED DETROIT. 



145 



proposed purchaser (ir mnncv leiiilcr unnts a complete history (if the various transfers of the prnpci-ty he is interested in. He 
wants not merely the opinion of his attorney, l>ut the kuowledue tliat every irre.u'ularity in tlu! chain of title of his property 
has been placed before his attorney in such a shape that the attorney can properly decide on its importance, as it aiiects the 
title. His information can be obtained in no other way tlian by an abstract properly {>;ottcn u[). In Detroit, registers of 
deeds supposed themselves cai)able of makini,' abstracts from the very earliest date, and one now occasionally finds an 
abstract made by some register in the " long ago." But their work was very defective, and not to be relied upon. It was 
not until 18l)() tliat any attvmpt was made to compile a complete ai)stract. The necessity for such an institution has ])een 
long felt, but no one had been found who was capable and energetic enougli to undertake to carry out the work. The 
County Auditor in that year requested John "Ward and Eugene C. Skinner to make such abstracts as the circumstances of 
our records and titles required. jNIr. Ward hadbdu in the money loaning business for some jcars and Mr. Skinner liad 
recently graduated from the Columbia Law School. They went at the work with the expectation of being able to complete 
it in two or three years, but not only did they underestimate the length of time necessary to put tlio estalilislunent in work- 
ing order, they also greatly underestimated its cost, and the sum which they bad originally considered suflicient for the 
work was used up many times over, before actual abstract making was begun. The office was first opened for business on 
the first day of January, 187-3, and while the work was not yet completed, a portion of the rinniing expenses of the office was 
paid from the income, from this time. Before opening the office for business the attorneys of the city were invited to exam- 
ine the method on which it w-as planned, and they heaitily joined in a reconnueudation of tlie abstract to the jiublic generallv. 
This recommendation was signed by many attorneys and real estate agents who are still in active life, and ))y man>' also who 
only live in our recollection. Among the latter are William J. Waterman, Lyman Cochrane, D. Bethune Duffield, William 
B. Wesson, Phillip J. D. Van Dyke, William P. Wells, Francis Palms, George S. Frost and John S. Newberry. It was 
not until 1884, eighteen years after the abstract was connnenced, that all the wcn-k in tlic registry office was entered upon 
the abstract books. Now each day's work in the Register's office is at once transferred to the abstract office, so that the 
work of the abstract office is from one to two weeks ahead of the Register's office. This process was licgun by Mr. Skinner 
iu 1883 and has been carried on since with satisfactory results. "\Miile the work of the Probate office and Recorder's Court 
(so far as they affect real e.state) was abstracted some years ago, no settled and d^'fiiiite plan was ever entered upon to 
abstract the jiroceedings in the Circuit, Superior, Supreme and United States Courts initil about 1889. In 1884 ^Ir. Skinner 
disjjosed of his interest in the business to Mr. C! JM. Burton. Mr. Burton's work in the business of examining titles 
connnenced when he had just graduated from the Law Department of the Universitv and entered the law office of 
^Vard & Palmer in 1874, and he devoted himself to that liranch of work almost exclusively from that time. lie was con- 
nected with the abstract office from 1875, at first as an employe and afterwards from I80.3 as a jiart owner, and, upon the 
retirement of Mr. Skinner in 1884 the entire chai'ge of the work was taken by Mr. Burton and has been carried on liv him 
alone since that date. 



The Business Interests. 



Upon this and subsequent pages will be found reviews of a number of Detroit business houses. These " write ups," as 
they are jjrofessionally termed, are entirely gratuitous, and are used in order to show jjcople outside of the city the number 
and extent of the firms doing business here. Of course, it is not pretended for a moment tiiat every firm doing business in the 
city is rejiresented, nor have we in any sense made a selection ; we have taken all the firms, large and small, that we could 
reach in the time at our disposal, so that if any one has been omitted who tlKUight they should be re])resented, they have 
our sincere apologies. 

Seeley Brothers, manufacturers and jobliers of Physician's Supplies, 171 Griswold Street. The manufacture and sale 
of physician's sujijilies has become a special and important branch of business and in tlie instance of this firm it has enlisted 
the services of men who have a comprehensive, tliorough and intimate knowledge of the requirements of the jirofession. 
James W. Seeley was for many years connected with the establishment of Parke, Davis & Co., wliere his l)usiness relations 
with physicians led him to form tlie purpose of estal)lishing the present business. He brought his plans to the attention of 
his brother, Arthur L. Seeley, a ]n-acticing physician himself, and they received his hearty appnjval. The result was the 
formation of a partnershi]i, November 1, 1890, and with the growth of business a stock company was organized last ilaivli. 
The expectations of the conijiany have been more than realized. Each department of business is now under the innncdiatc 
direction of gentlemen of thorough practical experience. The company maiuifactures and sells surgical instruments of all 
kinds and of the very highest style of workmanship, ])hysician's sundries, jjharmaceutical jirejiarations and strictly jiurc 
drags. Country jjliysicians and doctors, who fill their own prescriptions, are able to buy drugs of Seeley Brothei-s that arc 
not only strictly jiure but which they arc often unable to purchase of drug houses. The company has perfectly arranged 
salesrooms where a full and C(mi])letc stock is kept, to wliicli every instrument of value and every im])rovement that jiractice 
can suggest is being added frotn time to time. A specialty is made of jihvstcian's cases, obstetric and gynecological treat- 
ment bags, medicine cases in various styles and sizes, including both band and buggy ca.*es, pocket vial and double fnld 
cases. ?Jany valuable impi'ovenients haye been intrdihieed into the instrument medicine easels and bags which are of great 
convenience and utility to physicians, and all of Seeley Bnither's goods in this line arc of the best material and workman- 
ship. The com])any has been remarkably successful in attaining a \vide and profitable ))atronage, which is constantly 
increasing w'herever it becomes known. It offers inducements t« physicians and practitioners that general dealers are un- 
able to. In the short time the company has been in business it has taken front rank among Detroit manufacturing and 
mercantile institutions, 






i 'nil i Ai i I lii rt 




L __ 





STORE OF GAMBLE & PARTRIDGE— Interior Views. 



IL L I 'S TRA TED DE TR 01 T. 



M/ 



1 ~-^mj§Mj 


"^a^^ 




JAMES GAMBLE. 
L. W. Partridge was liorn at Pittefield, .^las,^., Oct. 15, 1851, 



L. W. PARTRIDGE. 

iif tliat sturdy New Eiij,daud stock that in the sixteenth 



and seventeentli centuries did so much to mould and direct public opinion, and shape the de.stiny of the colonies. He is ii 
lineal de.scendant of Colonel Samuel I'artridge, of Hatfield, who was one of the foremost men of his time, being representa- 
tive in 1685 and l(i8(j; judge of the Probate Court, one of his majesty's counsel and after the death of Colonel Pynelion in 
1703, was the mu.st important man in the west i)rovince. P^rom tliis ancestry he seems to have iidierited that Puiitan iiluck 
and energy with which he enters into any undertaking determined to win. At the age of sixteen he taught in a district 
school; at seventeen he left the home of his boyhood with nothing but a homespun suit and a few small articles in a carpet 
bag, started out to seek his fortune. After two years sei-ving iti a general store near his home, he went to New York Cit\- and 
after a weary straggle succeeded in getting a j^isition in a jobbing house, where he slept in the store and had the care at times 
of a million dollars' worth of stock. For nearly eleven years he struggled with changes of wholesale houses, through the 
panic of 1873, until at last he gained a strong foothold with the great jobbing house of Telft, Weller & Co., being emi)loyed 
with them for nearly seven years. Leanng them and coming to Detroit with Metealf Bros, in l.SlSl, he remained with tliem 
until they failed, April 23, 1888. This was a disastrous move, but his genial <)uality, obliging luanner and square dealing 
won for him a host of friends, and with midaunted courage he undertook to establish an exclusive carpet and curtain house, 
and how well he has succeeded none can doultt after a visit to the handsome store that the accomjianyini;- cut represents. Mr. 
Partridge believed that Detroit should and would sup])()rt a fir.st-class carj)et and curtain house, and the recoids show that he 
was not mistaken. On August 3()th, 18S,S, (iamble & Partridge opened their doors for bu.siness at 221 and 223 Woodward 
Avenue. The rapidly increasing business denumded more room and in PYbruarv, 18!)0, the firm secured a lease of the adjoin- 
ing store, 219, and proceeded to fit it up in connection with 221 and 223. This firm lias had a remarkable growth, increa.s- 
ingsome months 100 per cent, over the same month of the jirevious year, until to-day it stands second to none in the 8tate. 
Extensive alterations arc now in progress looking to largely increased facilities for continually increasing business. In their 
store may be found anything neces.sary to furnish a cottage or a jialace, and they enjoy the confidence of rich and poor alike, 
as all are treated with uniform courtesy and politeness, and their jiatrons are numbered by the thousands and are from all 
parts of the State. Mr. Partridge has pushed the business day and night with untiring energy, attending jier.-onally to all 
its details, and wiiile Mr. (nimble did not take an active ]iart for two vears, beino- engau'ed in scttlini;- tlie afiiiirs of the 
Manistee Salt& Luni1)er Coui])any, his wise counsel, able business ability and .«ound judgment, cou]iled with tlie large ca]i:tal 
at his command, assisted largely in putting this firm among those of the highest rating, and the firm ajiprcciate tlie liberal 
support that has contributed to their success, and they have been the furnishers of some of the most notable private residences 
.and public buildings of the State. Detroit nuiy justly feel proud of such an establishment. 

James Gamble was born of Scottish descent in Oakland county, INHchigan, October 1st, 183!), and s])ent the greater 
part of his youth on his father's fiirm. .\fter leaving school he taught for a fi'W years, and in 18(;3 entered the law dejiart- 
ment of the University of ^liehigan. After graduating with the class of '(55, he jiracticed law for S(jnie time in ICast Sagi- 
naw, but finding the lumber l)usiuess more suited to his al)ilities, he and David A. Duncan, with a very small caj)ital, formed 
the firm of Duncan & (nimble, which rapidly developed a most flourishing busines.*. He was elected treasurer of Ka.«t Sagi- 
naw, and at the close of his term of ofl^ice in 1882 went to St. Paul, Minnesota. The lumber business was transferred to 
Duluth, where the firm, under the new title of Duncan, Gamble & Co., at once ])laced it.self at the head of the lumber and 
])ine land business of that part of the country. During his residence in IMinnesota, Jfr. Gamble had a constant longing for 
his native State, and in 1888 bo retired from the lumber business and returned to IMiehigan. About this time the IManistec 
Salt & Lumber Companv f;iiled, anil Mr. Gamble was induced to settle its tangled .•<tate of aflairs, which task he completed 
in two years in a degree highlv satisfactorv to all th(> interests concerned. In the meantime, the need of a first-cla.<s carpet 
establishment in Detroit led Mr. Gamble t<i form with INIr. L. AV. Partridge the co-partner.-^hij) of (iambic it I'artridge, 
which is now recognized as the leading firm of its kind in the State of iNfieliigan. Mr. (iandile, fhongli an example of a 
thoroiigh man of Ijusiness, does not allow business wholly to occupy his mind. Now that he has acquired a large fortune, he 
intends to spend his youth at middle age. 



148 ILLUSTRATED DETROIT. 

The People's Sa\'iiiL'^ I'ank, soiitlnvp:;! corner Fort and Griswold streets. This is one of the oldest, iK'st and safest 
financial institutions in JJetioit. When it was ori^anized in 1X71 Detroit had but one other savings institution and during 
the period of its existence it has easily kept at the head. Its capital stock has grown from 830,000 to 850(1,000 and from 
humble quarters on Woodward avenue, it now occu])ies the largest and handsomest banking rooms in the city. AMiile it 
was under the direction of the late Francis Palms, the bank gained its strong hold n])on the wmfidence of the public and 
their funds were entrusted to its care so generally that the bank was forced to increase its capital stock in order to keep pace 
with its dejjosits. The present conservative management was trained under the direction of Sir. Palms and the personnel of 
tliis i)ank is regarded very highly by the general j)ublic as alile, careful and faithful bank ofhcials and tinanciers. The 
fillowing gentlemen, who are widely known in Detroit's business circles for their integrity, executive ability and prudence, 
are the officers and directors, viz.: M. W. O'Brien, jiresident; Anton Pulte, vice-president; F. A. Schulte, second vice- 
jiresident ; Geo. E. Lawson, cashier; R. W. .Smylie, auditor; James T. Ivenna, attorney. Directors — F. F. Palms, Anton 
PuUe, John Mark, Joseph Schulte, W. C Yawkey, M. W. O'Brien, W. B. iloran, Clarence C^arpenter, D. Whitney, Jr., 
P. Fitzsimons, ^(tco. H. Barbour, Jas. L. Edson, Jer. Dwyer, F. A. Schulte, Homer W. Candler, C. A. Ducharme, John 
v. Moran. The People's Savings Bank transacts a general banking business ; it receives de])osits subject to check, discounts 
first-class commercial ])aper, and makes loans on apjiroved collateral. It likewise makes collections prom])tlv on all jxjints, 
buys and sells foreign exchange, makes cable transfers and issues circular letters of credit for travelers, available in the 
])rincipal cities of the world. Drafts are for sale (m New York, Boston, Chicago, etc., while interest on savings de])osits is 
compounded twice yearly (^on June 1st and D;_'cember 1st), at the rate of four])jr cent, per annum. In the vear 1^71 the 
ajrirregate resources of the bank were $2ol),()0l) and 181)0 thesj had grown to the enormous am.iunt of 36,000,000.00. The 
bank has paid to its depositors during its corporate life more than 61,250,000 in intere.st. 

Merchants' and Manufacturers' National Bank. This bank was originally the " ^lercliants' and ^Manufacturers'," which 
commenced business in June, 1809, as a state bank, with a capital of 8100,000. In 1873 its ea])ital was increased to 8o()0,- 
000. In July, 1877, it reorganized under the national banking law with a capital, 8'200,000, surplus, 840,000, and addi- 
tional assets of $20,000. May 1st, 1880, itremoveil from the '" Buhl " to the Newbury & McMillan building. July 1st, 
1882, its capital was increased to $500,000 and $25,000 surplus. On October 1st, 1800, it had a surplus and undivided 
])rofits of 8118,000, after a dividend of four per cent, declared Julv 1st for six months. Its present boai'il of directors are 
T. A. Ilinchman, D. Whitney, Jr., Chas. Stinchtield, N. G. Williams, Geo. H. Russell, Henry jNI. Campbell, H. C. 
White, Jerome Croul and W. H. Brace. T. 11. Ilinchman has been president since 1809 ; D. Whitney, Jr., vice-president 
since 1881 and H. L. O'Brien cashier since February 24tli, 1886. The affairs are conducted successfully under an inex- 
])ensive and con.servative policy. Its lioard of dii'ectors are well-known business men, who give the closest attention to its 
affairs. It reinovi'd to its jn-eseiit location, 91 Buhl Block, ( iriswold Street, May 1st, 1890. 

The Detroit Casket Company, 85 West Congress Street. This company started in 1881 on Park Place, removing in 
1882 to Larneil Street, and in 1883 to their present location, where thev now have over thirty thousand feet of floor surface, 
and every ])art filled to its utmost capacity. A seventy-five horse-power boiler supplies the power and heat for the factory. 
This company nuinufactures the finest quality of textile covered burial cases only, but are jobbers of everything demanded 
in the business, including hardware, robes, linings, and the cheaper kind of varnished coffins. Their specialty, the "Shrine 
Casket," is in demand from the Atlantic to the Pacific. They furnished in a single day recently, in response to telegrams, 
caskets for immediate use in Albany, N. Y., and Kansas City, Mo., shipped by express, and the fact that both reached their 
destination within twenty-f>ur hours proves the excellence of Detroit as a distril)uting ])oint. The principal woods used are 
chestnut, walnut and red cedar. IMichigan jiine is used in large quantities for outside boxes. Blaclv and white broad-cloth, 
velvets and silk jilush are largely used, but colored ])lushes and broad-cloths, such as drabs, grays, ashes of roses are gradu- 
ally but surely taking the jdace of soudire lilacks. This Company was among tlie first to introduce colors in caskets. Five 
traveling salesmen are constantly em])loyed in distributing their jiroducts. The burial case business is popularly supjiosccl 
to be a bonanza, but like many kinds of business is largely overdone, and every year sees new concerns start out and tlisaster 
overtakes them. The Detroit Casket Company's success is attril)uted first, to excellent location for distributing goods ; 
second, superiority of products ; third, acceiitaliility of their patented specialties ; fourth, energy and push combined with 
conservative management, and while the death rate for the year is so far considerably less than in 1890 or 1889, still this 
comi)any shows a remarkable increase in the volume of business over any jn-evious year. John H. Kapel, ])resident of th(> 
Detroit Casket Co., was born 1817 in Berkshire County, Mass., and moved to Otsego County, N. Y., in 1825, thence to 
Living-ston County in 1832. He came to iMichigan in 1838 and settled in Utica where he engaged in the nmmifacture of 
fanning mills and merchandi.sing. Moved to Detroit in 1855, was assistant ])o.st-master for eight years and ])ost-master from 
1875 to 1879. Has been identiful as stockholder in a number of the most successful business ventures of Detroit and is 
vice i)resident of the iMichigan Savings Bank. While pa<t the alloted three score years and ten he is hale and hearty and 
is quietly enjoying the fruits of a well spent life. William H. Blackford, vice-jiresident and superintendent of the Detroit 
Ca-sket Co., was born in 1858 at Paw Paw, IMichigan. Received a district school education and lived on a farm for the 
first twenty years of his life. In 1881 removed to Detroit and has from that time been identified with the Ciusket company 
in nearly every capacity, from salesman to superintendent. His youthful energies have contrilnited in no small degree to 
the success of the business. He takes his pleasure with a fine horse and an occasional deal in real estate, Frank Crandell, 
secretary and manager of the Detroit Casket Co., was born in Columliia County, N. Y., in the '40s. He is descended from 
a line, of (juaker ancestors, who have been himored residents of the valley of the Hudson river since 1710. Received a town 
school education and early started out fin- himself At the breaking out of the war of 1861 he was employed in the dry 
goods house of George Bliss & Co., New York City, and \vhile still in his teens enlisted and served two year-s at the front as 
a private with the famous New York Seventh Regiment. A year .spent in the Pennsylvania oil country produced a hand- 
some fortune, which was lost even quicker than made. In 1866 he entered the mercantile business at Bay City, Mich., and 
was identified and materially assisted in the remarkable growth of that enter]irising city. In 1869 he married a daughter 
of Col. Henry Raymond, of Bay City. Came to Detroit in 1881 and since then has devoted liij entire time and energy in 
developing the business that has proven so succes.sful. 

Henry A. Newland & Co., Nos. 162, 164, 166, 168 Jefferson avenue, importers, manufiicturers, wholesale and retail 
jobbers of furs, hats, caps, gloves, &c. This firm is composed of Henry A. Newland, Arba M. Seymour, Theodore N. Rip- 



ILLUSTRATED DETROIT. 149 

Som and Frank L. Hydo; it hpian business January 1st, 1.S80. Henry A. Newland, the senior memlier, for 25 years prior, 
was the mauagin.;;- j)artnorwith the hite firm uf F. Buhl, Newland &Co., in the same line of Inisiness. The fur department 
of this firm is under the personal siqiervision of INIr. Newland and has ae(iuired an enviable i)osition in the American market, 
being the oidy direct importers of Alaska seal, Russian sable and other Hue f)reigu furs, west of New York. The manu- 
facture of sealskin garments is made a specialty, and the firm is recognized as authority in this line. The firm was the fir.st 
to exhibit novelties from European ftishion centers, .Mr. Newland visiting Loudon and I'aris annually for the selection of 
the styles and materials which are made exclusively a s[ieeialty by this house. The demand for garments made by this firm 
comes frcjui every State iu the Union where the goods are worn. It is the only American house that exhibited at Paris in 
1889, winning medals for elegance of design and superiority of work; also wiiuiers of silver medal for finest display of furs at 
Detroit International Fair and Exposition, 1890. At home or abroad it is known as a thoroughly reliable house, eni])loyinu-, 
upwards of l.")() men, with a full equipment of all modern ap])liauces. The cx])ortiug of raw fur is made a leading feature 
of tiie business, the fifth floor of their building being exclusively devoted to thisbraucii, where the raw furs are examined, 
assorted amd packed under the supervision of skilled men. The business of the firm is classified and thoroughly systematized, 
each of the firm having sujiervision of a dejiartment, Jlr. Seymour having general management of the hat and cap depart- 
ment, a large and important branch ; Mr. Hyde having charge of the office, and Mr. Ripsom that of the department of small 
furs and travelers for this department. Tlie trade coming as it does, from six States, engages the services of fifteen salesmen 
and stock-keejiers, and is increasing annually. The ]U'emises (only recently occupied by this firm) and represented by the 
cuts in this book, are very spacious and the largest and best arranged of any in this country devoted exclusively to the 
trade. Composed as it is of young, but experienced men, full of energy and push, and liberal in every way, represented by 
ami)le capital, enabling it to purchase of first hands for ca-sh, the house of Henry A. Newland & Company, have and are 
abli! to comjiete for orders from the best buyers in the ci}untry. 

The Globe Tobacco Company, established first in 1871 under the name of Walker, McGraw & Co., at 35 Atwater 
street, was incorporated under its j)resent name in 1880. From this date, it having achieved such success in the maiuifac- 
ture and sale of its goods, that in 1889 the company determined to construct a building of its own, and selecting a location 
on the corner of Brush and Fort streets, east, erected the elegant structure shown in the cut. The liuilding is seventv by 
one hundred and thirty feet. Each of the seven stories of this magnificent brick structure have unlimiteil light and air, 
which is fully appreciated by its one hundred and twenty skilled employees. The floors are what is called " mill construc- 
tion," leaving no place for the accunndation of dust to endanger combustion. The floors are su])])orted by heavy girders 
and floor timbers, leaving a clear ceiling, and between the thicknesses of flooring it is fire ])roof Strong columns, placed 
ono on the other, obviate unequal settling through shrinking of the girders, and also relieve the strain ujjon the walls. This 
was the first factory in the United States to adoj)t electricity as a ])ower for its machinery ; nine electric motore of varving 
horse ])ower are distributed in the r(joms where they are required, each being independent of the other, thus making a saving 
in shafting, lielting and fuel. Thousands of dollars have been spent by the company in getting up machinery of their own 
invention, and this, with their skilled operators, enable them to make jierfeet goods. Its " Globe Fine Cut" and hand-made 
" Flake Cut Smoking" are eagerly soui;-ht for by the chewers and smokers. The natural goods were first ])rodueed in its 
Globe Fine Cut. The capacity of the factory is about 9,000 ])ouuds per pay, of which 1,500 are Hake goods. This com- 
I>any owns a largo dryer known as the " Adt," and which, from 7 A. m. to 5 r. m., turn out 9,000 pounds of tobacco. The 
sales (}f this company reach nearly §800,000 per annum. It emj)loys twelve traveling salesmen and finds its heaviest sales 
in the Northwest. One of the patents of this company for keeping its goods in a good C(jndition, and which is greatly ai> 
predated by the retail dealer and also by the consumer, is a neat tin case with a glass cover, something in |he sha])e of a 
cigar-box, with a moistened slide fitted along the top containing a porus clay ])ad, which recjuir^s only occasional dampening 
to keep the tobacco moist. The officers of this company are : Thomius McGraw, president ; W. K. Parcher, vice-jn-esident ; 
and A. A. Boutelle, .secretary and treasurer. 

The Russell House, Chittenden & McCrearv, projirietors. This is Detmit's liest and finest hotel, the most complete and 
elegant hostelry in ]\Iichigan, and (}ne that comjjares mo.st favorably in all its a])pointments with any hotel in Amei'ica. The 
Russell has been a fauKXis hotel for years, has always catered to and been patronized liy a liigh-class ])ublic, and luus never 
had occasion to sinirt f )r favor. It has ])ractically l)een under the same management for the ]wst twenty years and as this 
lias l)een an enlightened, ])rogrcssive and intelligent management, the Russell has never been suffered to droj) behind in the 
procession. Instead, it has been noted for being in advance of what could reasoiKil)ly be expected of an hotel in a city the 
size and ini])ortance of Detroit. Long befire Detroit assumed the metropolitan airs it is now entitled to, the Russell Mouse 
was a metropolitan hotel, and it is a fact that the city was long and is still advertised because of the general exeellc^nce of 
this, its leailing hotel. To-day there are many fine hotels in Detroit but the Russell stands at the head, a jiosition it has 
always maintained. The Russell House is too good an hotel to need remodelling, but changes in the interior arrangement 
and furnishing are constantly being made where they will add to the comfort or convenience of the guest. Nothing is ever 
allowed to grow old or rusty about the house, and during the past winter and spring im])rovements aggregating many 
thousands of dollars in cost have been made. The walls of all the hallways have been done in j)lastic in different designs 
and jiainted in oil. The walls in all the chambers have been painted in oil to a dee]) frieze, and the ceilings have been 
tastefully decorated. New gas fixtures and electroliers of handsome design have been ])ut in. Thirty jirivate bath rooms 
have been nuide, connecting with single rooms and suits. All of these bath rooms are fitted u]) with white Italian marble and 
white tile f )r rtoors, and wainscoting, and the plumbing is of the open kind, the best obtainalile. Thebillianl I'oom of the hotel 
is now an exceedingly handsome apartment; it has high waincoting of oak, iieautil'ully decorated wails and ceiling, very 
handsome combination fixtures fin- gas and electric light, and a complete new outfit of the Brunswiek-l5alke-Collender Com- 
pany's manufacture. Changes have been made on the ground floor that transforms the baggage room into a cozy adjunct 
of the bar, which will be entirely refitted. New lavatories and closet.s have been built, entirely of nnvrble and a fine niarl)le 
stairway leads to the handsome barber shop and the public lavatory. The new ladies' ordinary is a gem, perfect in its 
beauty, and words are insufficient to describe it. Inferior decoratoi-s exhausted their skill and art in making this, the 
parlors, the grand ])ronienade, vi'stibules and ciiirc -fni attractive. The work has certainly been done in the very highest 
stvle of art and the magnificent and luxurious furnishings are in ])erfl'ct harmony with the decoraticjiis. 



150 ILLUSTRATED DETROLT. 

Pinj^Tco & Sinitli, manufacturers of bcKit.s and slloc^^, JcHersDU a\-enue and (.'a^^s irtrect. Tliis is the leading representa- 
tive firm actively engaged in the boot and shoe manufacturing industry in Detroit. The liusiness was established in 1866, 
by H. S. Pingree and C. H. Smith, who conducted it until 1883, when Air. Smith retired and F. C. Pingree and J. B. 
Howarth were admitted into partnership, the firm being still conducted under the old style and title of Pingree & Smith. 
The jH-eniises oecuj)ied comprise a spacious five-story and b:isement warehouse, with a five-story factory, and 750 skilled 
hands are employed. Tlie capacity of the factory is 3, QUO pairs of l)oots and shoes daily. The firm is i)rogressive and 
introduces every improved apjiliance and method, with the result that its goods are always in poj)ular demand thrcmghout 
the West and Soutli. This is the largest and best equij)ped boot and shoe factory in the West, and all goods are fully war- 
ranted to be exactly as represented. jMessrs. H. S. and F. C. Pingree were born in IMaine, Imt have resided in Detroit for 
the last twenty-four years, while Mr. Howarth is a native of INIassachusetts. They are energetic and honorable business 
men, liberal in all transactions, and the house is well worthy of the national reputation it has so permanently secured for its 
product. Mr. H. S. I'ingree, the present mayor of Detroit, is also a director of the Preston National Bank. This is the 
only shoe concern in Michigan who manufai'ture all the goods they sell, handling no Eastern (jr jobbing goods of any kind. 
Their sales exceed one million dollars annually. 

Thomas Swan, proprietor of the elegant dining rooms Nos. 87 and 89 Woodward avenue, is a native of Scotland and 
was born May 12, 1841. At the age of seventeen, imbued with the enterprising spirit wliich has characterized his subse- 
quent life, he emigrated to the United States, landing at New York in 1858. His first service was in the cajiaeity of news- 
dealer for railroads, then as Imggage master and conductor on tlie Great Western, Grand Trunk and Michigan Central, 
respectively. The experience in tliese several jiositions atflirded him very correct judgments and knowledge of men, their 
necessities, tastes and the best way to meet their required wants. He first utilized tliis extended experience on the corner of 
Griswold and Larned, where he opened a dining hall in 18()!). After a few years his success compelled him to seek a more 
inviting and commodious locality, which led to the estalilislnnent of his present " Restaurant, News and Dining Halls," on 
the corner of Woodward avenue and Larned street. The building occupied by him for this purpose is 60x120, three stories 
in height. The fii'st store is divided into a fruit, news and lunch room on one side, and on the other by a jiublic lunch and 
dining hall, the .second l)y gentlemen and ladies' jnivate dining rooms. Tlie furniture and equijmients of these halls arc ar- 
tistic and rich, comprising favorably with those of any city west of New York. His tables are furnished with all the 
delicacies of the season, which are served with care and dispatch by polite attendants. Ladies who desire private lunches or 
meals can have their l)aggage or parcels cared for, and gentlemen can have jiostal or telegrajih messengers at their call. 
The cut elsewhere shown, represents one of his elegant dining rooms, but one should sup or dine there to fully apjneciate its 
tastefulness and beauty. 

Micliigan Adamant PIa.stcr Co. This company was organized in June, 1880, and has doubled its business since that 
time, lia\'ing lately established a l)ranch factory at Manjuette to supply the Upper Peninsular trade. The officers are: Dr. 
H. W. Longyear, president ; E. L. Thompson, \ace-president; W. I\L Lillibridge, secretary and treasurer; N. PI. Cuher, 
general manager. The Board of Directors is as follows: Hon. J. M. Longyear and Peter White, of Marquette, ajid E. L. 
Thompson, W. M. Lillibridge, Dr. H. W. Longyear and N. H. Culver, of Detroit. The cajiital stock is $100,000. The 
Adamant business has quite a novel if not a marvelous history. Uji to mthin five years ago lime and hair mortar was the 
only preparation known fiir pla.stering the walls and ceilings of buildings, and wall plastering was the only branch of the 
liuilding business that had not improved for centuries. It was the invention of a rude and early age, and had lingered to the 
present time simply fiir the want of a better substitute. During tlie fall of 1886, one of the leading chemists of the East 
])roduced a composition called artificial marl)l(% which be brought to the notice of practical inventors, who soon realized that 
by a slight change it might be utilized for wall pla-stering. After considerable study and experiment, and time s]ient in 
])erfectiug the necessary machinery, the first factory was started in Syracuse, N. Y. The result exceeded the mt)st sanguine 
liopes of the promoters, and within a few years over twenty-five factories were in operation in the L'nited States alone, and 
similar works in Canada, England, and other countries soon followed. It is now one of the standard building materials of 
the age. Adamant makes an indestructible interior wall at a moderate cost and can be used in the coldest weather without 
heat except for ten hours after ap]ilication. It is fire and water proof and does not absorb ga.ses or become the nucleus of 
disea.se germs; its sanitary qualities conuneud it for use in hospitals and jmlilic buildings. Among tlie ]iresent buildings 
plastered with this material are the J. L. Hudson Clothing House, the Laboratory Building at Ann Arbor, the Jlilitary 
Academy at Orcbai-d Lake, the Alma Sanitarium, the ^Michigan Central depots at Bay City and Saginaw, the residences of 
Gilbert Hart, W. W. Wells, '\7m. A. Moore and H. R. Leonard, Detroit. The Marquette Gjicra House, the residence of 
Plon. J. M. Longyear, Mayor of Marquette, anil many others. Adamant is largely used in Government and State work all 
over the country, and is fast revolutionizing the business of house plastering. N. H. Culver, the manager of this ctmqiany, 
was born in Elmira, N. Y., in 1855, and with his parents moved to Williamsport, Pa., about one year latter. His business 
life begun in the office of his fiither, E. Culver, who is an architect of note in that section of the country. In 1878 be S])ent 
some tinic in the field as an engineer on a topographical survey of coal lands in the northern part of Pennsylvania, and 
in 1879 he moved to Denver, Colorado, and was for some time employed as a draugbtsjuan in the city engineer's office of 
that city. In IS.SO he returned YaxA. and opened an office as an architect at Philadelphia, and was, until two years ago, the 
senior member of the firm of Culver & Rogers, architects, of the above city. Becoming interested about this time in 
Adamant he moved to Detroit and was mainly instrumental in organizing the company of which he is now general manager. 

Eugene Lallement, importing tailor, 21 Congress street, east. This establishment, which is located in one of the choice 
business rooms of the Hotel Nornunidie, is termed "The Place of Fashion," and as Mr. Lallement is considered one of the 
best tailoi-s in the country, his place of Inisiness is rightly named. He acquired his knowledge of what a gentleman should 
wear to l)c well dressed and how his garments should be fashioned, in Paris, France, the fashionable center of the world, 
and in his twenty years exjjerience he has gained an artistic skill that places him in the front rank as a high-class tailor. He 
came to America in 1871, and before engaging in business for himself, was emjiloyed in some of the leading tailoring estab- 
ments in the country. He has made a great success in Detroit, has a larare trade, and is jiopular with a large circle of 
friends. Not a little of the success of The Place of Fashi'in is due to T. R. Paxton, who, as man:iger, has attracted a great 
deal of fashionable trade to liis employer. Mr. Paxton is jiopular and well liked; is a stylish dresser and a good business 
man. The combiuatiou formed by him and bis employer is one hard to beat. 




■ ,. *^ ,..-... • ^ « >. ■■ , <.<.t < *A-^sitA»»j Y^aaa*.^^^^;;**!**;^ ■W» 




HELLER'S HOUSE. 

Ik'llcr's ( iardi'iis, Smiiinrr Resort aii<l Piiitli Houses is an iiiirtitution as well ami favnraVilv kiKiwii as any in Detroit. 
Tlicy have been established for many years, and caeh season have grown in ]io]]idarity so that today it is an inipossihility to 
Hud anyone in the comnniiiity ignorant of the attractions at this resort. Jacob Beller, the proprietor, erected the present 
buildings in 1877, and has added improvements, comforts and conveniences ever since. His son, Fred Beller, who has the 
place leased for the ensuing season, has added many attractive features and is conducting the establishment in a manner fully 
in keej)ing with its past high rejHitatiou. The swimming school is the great feature at Boiler's. It is the most perfect, 
luxurious and elegant natatorium in the country, perfectly safe for the youngest children, and yet am])le in all its ap])oint- 
ments to amuse the largest crowds. Exjierience<l teachers are in charge and every safeguard that forethought and ingenuity 
can suggest has lieen adopted to make it safe beyond the remotest risk of danger. The most careful watchfulness for the 
care, comfort and absolute security of the jiatrons is provided. An apartment is set aside for the ladies where spacious 
dressing rooms are provided. No e.xjiense has been spared in making these baths as perfect as man can design. They are 
complete in all their apjiointments and the surroundings are of the most pleasant and agreeable nature. The scenery is 
exquisitely ])icturesque, and cool breezes from Lake St. Clair constantly fan the air and lend to this famous resort a freshness 
and salubritv unknown to any other. The boat houses are supplied with every .sort of craft of the latest and most a]i])roved 
styles and patterns, from the smallest boat to steam launches for carrying large pleasure parties. 




'^tlll I KttPtiiiTf^lr^swii-., f 




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"TTTnr w" 





i.LLLLiv^ UAKULN. 



152 ILLUSTRATED DETROIT. 

The Kirtland Grain Co., successors t) "W. B. Kirtlaiid k Co., rooms 2;5-2"), Roanl of Trade Building, wa.s orjraiiizcd 
April 12, 18!)1, )))' ]Me.ssrs. Kirtland and Sanderson, are fj,eneial grain commission mercliants, with exceirtional iacilities ior 
handliu"- large consignments of wheat, oats, corn, seed, etc., and have an extensive and sul).<tantial business connection. Mr. 
Kirtlauil, tiie manager of the business, has been connected with the Board of Trade fur the p;i.st eleven years, also confidential 
clerk for John H. Wendell & Co. a number of years. Mr. Sanderson is the popular young real estate broker. 

Galvin Brass & Iron Works, sole manufacturers of Galvin patent compound wedge and gate valves, hydrants, etc.; 
office and works corner of Warren avenue and Fifteenth street. Detroit has no manufacturing establishment whose jiroduct 
is in greater request or of more deserved value and practical utility than that of the ( Jalvin ISrass * Iron AVorks, sole 
manufacturei-s of the Galvin patent eompoinid wedge gate valves for steam, water, gas, oil, ani.nonia, etc., also full lines of 
sizes of improved check valves, foot valves, gate and compression fire hydrants, etc. Tlie company was duly ineorjiorated on 
Aufust 1st, 1884, with a paid up capital of $100, 000 to engage in the production of the above mentioned specialties. The 
works, whicii were jjlanned and built for the purpose, cover fully half an acre and occui)y a very favoralile location on 
Warren avenue and Fifteenth street at the Grand River avenue cro.ssing, and where direct transportation facilities arc 
enjoyed. The main shops are two stories in height, forming a sipiare, and are splendidly equipjied with the latest improved 
miichinery, tools and applir.nces, the motive force being sujiiilied by a fine eight-horse power engine. An average^ force of 
201) men are employed in the various dei)artments, which includes every detail for the production, fitting and finishing of 
valves, cocks, hydrants, etc. The Gah'in wedge gate valve has many advantages over all other makes, and combines 
simplicity of parts with durability and precision of action under any pressure. It is the standard valve with all water 
works, aii'l also for manufticturers of oils, acids and liiiuids under pressure. Among the goods produced here are quick 
opening valves, the Gibb gate valves for brewei-s and distillers, angle gate valves, hose gate valves, lock shielded gate and 
globe valves, suction valves for driven wells, etc. C^ustomei's requiring valves for special jnirposes can always i)romptly 
obtain them here. The company also manufacture a fidl line of natural gas fittings, including automatic valves and gate 
valves; these latter are made to suit any pressure specified, up to two thousand pounds ])er square inch. The company's 
wedge gate hydrants and improved compression fire hydrants are the recognized standards with engineere. The comjjany 
produce Galvin's light feed automatic, lubricatiws, iiremium automatic lubricators, engine oil cups, premium journal oiler.s, 
steam wiiistles, and a general line of engine trinnuings and iron and brass castings to order. The trade deve.ojicd covers 
every section of the United States, and also extends to foreign countries, and nowhere can tiic equal of the admirable lines of 
valves, etc. be found. The company's board of directors includes Messrs. F. F. Palms, ^\. W. O'Brien, J. T. Kcima, H. 
Skinner and D. F. O'Brien, all respected and influential citizens. President Palms is a capatalist who is materially 
contributing to the prosperity of Detroit, and is a director of the Michigan Stove Works, ]\Iichigan Gas Company, People's 
Savings Bank, etc. Under his guidance the company has made most creditable progress. It is one of the most ably 
conducted concerns in town, being under the exceptionally able and skillful management of Mr. D. F. O'Brien, the secretary 
and treasurer, and a gentleman who has ever retained the confidence of leading financial and commercial circles. 

James H. Lyncli, merchant tailor, 83 West Fort street, is one of the arbitei-s of correct taste and leading styles in 
male ajiparel, is well and favorably known as a merchant tailor and importer. He ranks among the foremost exponents of 
the tailoring art in Detroit, and is a direct impoi-ter, handling only the finest jiatterns in woolens, worsteds, and fancy 
mixed goixis, and shows an assortment of fiishionalile suitings from which the most fastidious in dress can make .^'lection. 
Mr. Lynch is a man of acknowledged ability and taste, having had twenty years practical experience as a merchant tailor. 
The business now controlled by him was originally finuided in 1872, under the style of John Lynch & Son. He has 
occupied his jiresent premises, ISfo. 83 West Fort street, since 1887, where he has most handsomely furnished parlore, and 
every convenience and facility for the succes.sful pro.secution of his entire business. Here is disjtlayed a superl) stock, 
including the latest designs and most elegant productions in fimcy cassimeres, cloths, cheviots, checks, serge-plaids, 
diagonals, corkscrews, etc., all carefully selected, and imported directly from the most celebrated mills in Europe. The 
patronage of the house is a very influential one, embracing the leading merchants and professional men, not only in the city and 
vicinity, but throughout the United States. No garment is allowed to leave this house unless it is per'ect in every feature, 
and every tranaction is carried out on a straightforward, honorable basis. Mr. I^ynch is a native of the city, and one of 
its most esteemed and responsible business men. Elsewhere in this liook will be found illustrations of the fimi. 

The Odontundor Dental Parlors, 24 Washington avenue. Odontunder is the name given an anaesthetic used for the 
paiidess extraction of teeth, and the name is derived from the latin words " Odonto," which refers to the tooth, and 
" Obtundere," which means to benumb or deaden. Heretofore, various amesthetieis have been introduced for the ]iainless 
extraction of teeth, but have failed of success. The discovery of Odontunder is due to the experiments of Drs. Cobb and 
Merriam, who were then living in Ohio. Since its introduction to Detroit, through the Odontunder Parlors, the name has 
become a household word in this city, and the success of the establishment has been marked. The process is a direct 
application of the anresthetic to the gums, the patients retaining all their senses, and teeth are extracted without pain or 
injury. The Odontunder Parlors were first opened at 2.50 Woodward avenue, but more commodious quarters soon becanie 
necessary, and the Inisiness was transferred to the beautiful and convenient suite of room now occu])ied by them, an interior 
view of which is shown in this work. The proprietors have exclusive control of all rights for the use of Odondtundcr in 
this city. While [)rominence is given to the j)ainless extraction of teeth, the preservation of the natural teeth is a special 
feature of this establishment. The crowning of old teeth, either with gold or porcelain, bridgework, gold, platinum, alloy 
filling, jilate work, etc., in f;rct, everything pertaining to the art of dentistry, is jiracticed in thi' highest and most satisfac- 
tory numner. An established reputation fiu' first-class workmanship has been made in Detroit, and the skill and knowledge 
shown by the jiractitioners in the employ of the Odontunder Parlors, entitles to occupy a prominent ]ilace in the front rank of 
dental establishments in this city. 

The Koppitz-lMelchers Brewing Co., 111.') to 1135 Gratiot avenue. The time was when a successful hrew of that 
great American beverage, lager beer, dejjcnded largely njwn the good fortune and luck of the brewmaster. There were 
formerly so many elements of chance that entered into the brewing of beer, that even the most successfi^il breweries were 
never certain of turning out a good product. Modern science, however, has been so adapted to the use of brewers that the 
jiroduction of beer is now reduced to a nicety, and with the proper facilities, machinery, scientific devices, etc., the hrew- 



ILLUSTRATED DETROIT. 153 

master of to-day can calculate to a certainty tliat his brew will result in just what he intends it for. Tims, when a brewer 
attains a certain excellence of quality, he is now able to l<eep his beer up to a standard, and even guarantee it at all times. 
This applies particularly to^ the Kopiiitz-JIelchers Brewing Co., because their brewery is the latest and newest in I Detroit, 
having been erected this spring. It has been constructed with the view constantly in mind of having the model brewery in 
the United States, and the designs of the architect have succeeded to the extent of producing the large and handsome 
building, a view of which is presented in this work. The interior arrangement is in full keeping witii theexteridr apjiearance 
of this beautifid brewery, and everything has been constructed under the direction and supervision of Mr. K. E. Kop])itz, 
the vice-president and superintendent, who has the reputation of l)eing one of the best brewmasters in tiie United States. All 
the modern and improved apiilieanees, machinery, and necessary adjuncts for the scientitic handling of tlic malt and lin] s, 
from the time the)' first enter the immense establishment until the licer is racked otf and ready for delivery, have I (in 
included ni the equipment. The Koppitz-^Melchers Brewing Co., was formed because the gentlemen who are most prominently 
identified with it, were impressed with the great opportunity offered in this field for a modern first-class brewery, uncontrolled 
by foreign ca])ital. Arthur C. Melchers, the president and business manager, and K. E. Koppitz, the vice-president and 
superintendent, had been for many years connected with the Stroh Brewing Co., the former as cashier and tiie latter as 
brewmaster, and associated with them Charles F. Zielke, general bookkeeper for the Michigan Car Co. Thev set al)out 
organizing the present company. Their high characters and fine reputation as business men made easy sailing for them, 
and no ditficulty was experienced in placing the stock. The new l)rewery was ready for oceupaney in April, and their first 
brew, which ha.s but lately been placed on the market, was of such rare excellence, that it is conceded on all sides that in 
forming the present combination they have hit the right tiling. The beer is superior to any other ever produced in Detroit, 
brewnuister Kojipitz even exceeding anything befiire accomplished in tiie six years he has been famous as a brewmaster in 
Djtroit. Tlie beer was popular at once, and is growing in favor as it becomes known. None, but the best of malt and hojis 
is used, and for delicacy of flavor, purity, and vuiiform excellence, the beer is unsurpassed. This is a great thing to say of 
a new concern, in face of the fact that many famous beers have been yeare in obtaining a reputation, yet consumers are glad 
to praise this new candidate for popular favor. The present capacity of the brewery is 60,000 barrels annually, but the 
Imildiiiic is so constructed as to admit of extensive additions to the ca|)acity when refpiired. The limits of this work will not 
permit of the elaborate description this model brewery deserves, but a tew figures will give some idea of the extent of the 
plant. The immen.se brass brew kettle hold 180 barrels, and three brews can be made in it every twenty-four hours. They have 
a thirty-five ton refrigerating machine, a jierfect model of mechanism, es]iecially designed and constructed for this brewery. 
In brewing, Mr. Koppitz is assisted by H. C. Sachse, who is also a jiraetical and successful brewer, and as he is likewise a 
stockholder and a memiier of the company, there will be no lack of jiersonal care and solicitude in the brews. Tlie capital 
.stock of the new company is SI 00,000, and they have ample means and facilities for carrying on a large trade. TJicre is 
nf) industry in Detroit that possesses a better reputation for turning out a fine product than its brewei'ies, and the K()p])itz- 
Melchers Brewing Co., is bound to stand in the lead of its competitors. 

Tiie Michigan Gas Company. Detroit is furnished with natural gas for heating purposes from the natural gas fields of 
Ohio, from whence the vapor is jiiped into the c\t^'. Connection is made with the mains from the fields at Toledo, sixty-four 
miles distant. The company commenced supplying gas to consumers last year, and the superiority of the product over coal 
at once admitted it into favor, the demand upon the company for connection being so great that with the commencement of 
this season the management was obliged to announce that the connection to be made the ensuing year would be limited to a 
certain number, and that applicants would be served in the order received. The full capacity of the company to supply 
cunsumers for this season has already been taken up, and by the time the connections now ordered and under way are 
Completed the Michigan ({as Company will be supplying over 5,000 consumers in Detroit. This marked success is due 
largely to the management of F. P. Byrne, general manager of the company, whose efficient, active and successful service! in 
its behalf has been appreciated by the public and his associates i'l the company alike. Like most new things, gas' has had 
many ])rejudices to encounter, but has more than surmounted them all, as is attested by the now almost universal demand 
for it. 

Roos Restaurant, 7 Fort street, west, Everett J. Roos, jiroprietor. The tendency of the early French settlei's of Detroit 
to high living and an easy, indolent life, mfluenced the inhabitants to devote a large portion of their time to catering to the 
inner man. Being a social people, they provided in their homes for the entertainment of friends and strangers who might 
partake of their hospitality, and the residence po'tion of the city being so contiguous to the business part, it was long the 
custom for all classes of Inisiness men and employes to go home during the noon hours for their dinner, \vhich was then the 
chief meal of tiie day. ]Many first cla.ss restaurateurs with good sized bank accounts tried to turn them from this old time 
custom an<l induce them to take their lunches, etc., down town, with the result in every instance of utter failure. In the face 
of tiicse successive wrecks and tlio ]ierversity of the ])ublic, E. J. Roos, with no other ]irevious experience than a first-class busi- 
ness training, entered the lists. His failure was predicted on every hand, lint he is not the sort who fill up financial graveyards. 
This was eight years ago, and the struggle was a bitter one. His battle was doubly hard Iiecause he catered only for the 
trade of the better ela.ss of jiatrons. He weeded the improper element out so that now his extensive patronage is Imiitedto the 
most exclusive and best class of people in the city. The growth of the business required the addition of a cafe in keeping 
\vith the elegantly equipjied restaurant, and last year IMr. Koos, with great enterprise, fitted up the liasement of his ])lace in 
such style and with so great a profusion of white Italian marble that it is called Marble Hall, and is the most elcLraut, 
handsome and attractive ]ilaee of its kind in Detroit. In liis ]iresent business he has accumulated a fortune estimated at . 
considerahly over 8100,000, and has several extensive reality interests that arc growing rapidly in value. 

The Columbus Buggv Company, 11. B. Edwards, manager, LMo Jefferson avenue. With the opening of the boulevard 
system, and the improyemeut of avenues ;ui<l streets, making them suitable fiir driving, the citizens are giving greater atten- 
tion to the style of theii eipiipages, and Detroit is rajiidly taking the jiosition its wealtli and culture entitles it to, as a i)lace 
for liaiulsome, styli>h and unique turnouts on the road. A material rea.«on for this is the efHirts put fiirtli iiy the Columbus 
Bui^uv Comjiany, in introducing their high class vehicles. They are at the head of manufacturers in the world in producing 
novelties, and then astounding growth from a small beginning in ISTo, to their present mammoth establishment, 
the larsrest bugiry and carriage works in the world, is a proof of the high appreciation of their vehicles. They scikI tli'-ii- 
goods to every part of the civilized world, but at no point have they been more successful than in this city, wluic tli" biv-i- 



'54 



ILLUSTRATED DETROIT. 



ness bas increased in the past four yeai-s from $20,000 to over §100,000 annually. The sales of this company at this point 
arc now greater than the combined sales of any other companies doing business here. The company has now in course of 
erection a magnificent repository, a view of which is published herewith, which will be occupied November 1st, next. It 
will be the largest and finest carriage repository in Michigan, and second to no similar establishment in the entire west. 
Pi'evious to removing their stock they are now ofiering at their ])resent Avarerooms, the greatest inducements to jnirchasers, 
and the variety of vehicles to select from is unlimited. They have a most extensive line in stock, including Victorias, 
Wagonettes, Cianie Wagons, English Brakes, Ladies English Carts, fancy combination Biicklioards, surreys, family carriages 
and light liuggies of every descriptinu. One who contemplates purchasing a suitalile equijiage of any character, and desires 
to be in the swim, will not be in it unless he makes his choice from the fashionable stock shown l)y .Mr. Edwards. 

Courtis & Hmith, Mining and Metallurgical Eng'neers, Assavers and Analytical Chemists, have their office for 
consultation on mining, metallurgical, or technical subjects at 27 Ijarncd Street, West. In connection witli their office they 
have a complete laboratory, thoroughly fitted up with all necessary apparatus for testing difl'erent materials, as ores, coals, 
cokes, pig metals, chemical ])reparations, jjroducts of manufacture or the raw materials. Part of tiieir work is the making 
of ])lans for tlie ci|nipinent of mines, working drawings for stamp mills, or other reduction works, or reports and survevs on 
mines or mineral lands. William ]\I. Courtis was b(3rn in Boston, Mass., and received the degree of A. M. from Harvard 
University, where, after graduating, he studied civil engineering, and then took a three years course in mining and 
metallurgy at the Royal school of Mines of Saxony. He was chief engineer in the geological survey of Santa Domingo. 
He came to Michigan in 1871, to assist in the construction of the smelting works for the ores of the celebrated Silver Lslet 
Mines on Lake Suj)crior. He was manager of these works some years. He has been general manager fi)r periods of three 
or four yeare for several large mining companies of Boston, New York and London, England, ])utting large mining jjlants 
into operation on Lake Su]]erior, and in Colorailo, jNIontana, New jMcxico and California. Prof Frank Clemes Smith comes 
from u family of well known English mining engineers. He was graduated in science, and alsci in mining engineering at 
the University of Michigan, where he was also instructor in metallurgy, assaying and other branches. He has had [u-aetical 
experience in tliegold districts of Canada, Colorado, Oregon and Idaho, and in the iron ranges of Michigan, Wisconsin and 
Minnesota, also in the zinc and lead mines of the Northwest. Parties intrusting their mining matters to this firm will be 
assured of efficient and relialile service. 




The American Eagle Tobacco Company, 43 to 53 Woodbridge street. This establishment was fiiundcd in l.'^4S, by K. 
C Barker i^- Co., and was first known as the American Eagle Works, the j)resent company having been incorporated in 
18,S.S. The factory now occupies a fine five story brick building, running clear through from one street to another, and 
having a frontage of 1 1 feet. Employment is given to over 200 workmen, and over twenty reliable standard brands of 
tobacco are manufactured. The best and most popular brands produced are the "American Eagle," the "Oriental," and 
the "Plum" fine cut chewing, and the " Periipie," the "Myrtle Navy," the "Eagle Cavendisli," "Old Comfort," and 
"Old Fair" smoking tobaccos. The compjmy has secured a fine trade for "Double Five," put up in two ounce j)ackages, 
and other grades of fine cut in the |ioj)ular two ounce bags. The chew^ing or smoking "Java," also put up in two ounce 
bags has been very popular. " Brazilian ]\Iash," packed in two and four ounce packages, with its fine ])hig flavoring, is 



ILLUSTRATED DETROIT. I55 

regarded very desirable for a smoke or chew. Tlie score or more brands manufactured liy the American Eagle Tobacco 
AVorks, are familiar and popular in all parts of tlio country, the trade of the comi)any extending in every direction wiiere 
fine cut tobaccos are in (k'niund. The executive officers of the company are Messi-s. RI. 8. Smitii, president; James Clark, 
vice-president ; Charles B. Hull, treasurer and manager, and George B. liutchings, secietary. Mr. Hull was a memi)er of 
the old firm of K. C. Barker & Co., and his ability as a manager has been exeini)lified by the great success which has 
attended the history of the enterprise since his connection with it, and to his business methods and progressive ideas, are 
largely due the steady increase in the volume of the business, and expansion of the territory covered by the trade of the 
company from year to year, in which endeavors he has been ably seconded by his colleagues, all of whom are numbered 
among the prominent and public spirited business men of Detroit. 

Buruham, Stoepel & Co. This firm was originally organized as J. K. Burnham & Co., in February 187o; consistnig 
of J. K. Burnham, F. C. Stoepel, A. H. jNIunger. Their business consisted of jobbing notions, furnishings and white 
goods at No. 228 Jefferson avenue. In 1880, their quarters being too small, they moved to their present location, corner 
of Jefiereon and Woodward avenues. They added to their stock in their new quarters staple and fancy dry goods, and 
clianged the character of the house from a specialty house to a general wholesale dry goods house. Tiieir business increased 
steadily from year to year until April, 1887, when they bought out the old established business of Tootle, Hanna cV Co., 
Kansas City, Mo., and reorganized the Detroit house, admitting J. J. Crowley and J. Wilson as general jiartners, with David 
Whitney, Jr., as special ])artner ; Mr. Burnham and Mr. Monger going to Kaneas City to manage the business there. 
Since I81S7 they have adde<l two floors in the rear part of their store, and since Allan, Shelden & Co. have closed out their 
business (having lieen next door neighbor.s), they have added one of tiieir upper floors, so tiiat now they occupy about 
40, ()()() square feet of floor room. They employ twelve traveling salesmen on the road. Their goods are sold mostly in 
Michigan, Northern Ohio and Northern Indiana. The Kansas C'ity house e.xtend their operations over a large area of 
territory, and employ twenty travelling salesmen. The two houses combined buy as many goods together as possible, thereby 
taking on large lots of goods, and frequently getting advantages not obtained by any house who cannot handle so many 
goods, enabling them to sell their goods at a lower price than had been done before they had the Western house. This 
advantage is ap])reciated by the close cash buyers in these times when eonqietition is so sharp that even a small advantage 
ill prices is apjireciatcd and eagerly taken advantage <if by clo.se buyers. Their New York office is at ?>\ Thomas street. 
Some member of their firm, as well as heads of departments, visit the Eastern markets constantly. This season has been 
unusually favorable in making contracts at very low prices, and they hope to do an inerea.sing trade in 1891. 

The James A. Campbell Company (limited), electrical specialties and electrical engineering. Michigan constructors of 
the Thomson-Houston Electric Comjiany and Michigan State Agents of the Consolidated Temperature Controlling Com];any, 
of JMinneapolis, Minn., which latter company inanufacturei-s an automatic electric heat regulator for the automatic 
regulation of furnaces in residences and other buildings. The James A.Campbell Company handles a complete line of 
electrical supplies and equips all kinds of electrical jilants, from a door push to an electric lighting central station. They 
Ciinstruct and cqui]i electric street railways and can furnish estimates and specifications to corjiorations anticipating the use 
of electric motor power. A competent corps of electrical engineers fjr draughting any electrical specifications or for sujier- 
intendence or inspection can be had of the James A. Campbell Co. The secretary and trea,surer of the com]iany is ISIr. 
James A. Camjibell, a mechanical and expert electrician. He was born in Canada in 1801 and came to Detroit in 1876, 
engaging in various occupations until 1881, when he entered the employ of the Brush Electric Light Co. Young Cani])liell 
showed a natural aptitude for the study of electricity and its applications. He became identified with the Edis(jn Conqiany, 
of New York, and was employed by them in the constructi(jn of electric lighting plants at different ]ilaces. In 18>^.'j he 
engaged with the Thomson-Houston Company and Imilt the electric light plant at Kalamazoo, of wliicli he was the manager 
for three years. A\'^hile at Kalamazoo Mr. Campbell organized a local wiring company, known as Campbell & Ciregory, after- 
wards merged into the firm of James A. Campbell & Co., Mr. Gregory selling his interest to William T. Benallack, who is 
now largely interested in the James xV. Campbell Company (limited). In July, 1889, Sir. Campbell resigned to take the man- 
agement of the Thomson -Houston Electric Light Co. , of Detroit; and immediately reorganized the firm of James A. Canqibell 
& Co., in order to enter a larger and broader field, and removed the headquarters from Kalamazoo to Detroit. His exjiecta- 
tions were more than realized, and soon after he was obliged to resign his position as manager of the Thomson-Houston 
Electric Light Co., in order to devote his entire time and attention to the growing business of the James \. Campbell (V)m- 
I)any (limited). This concern has located within the past year eleven central station electric light jilants. All of the 
latest a]iplications of electricity for mechanical and useful ]iurposes are brought out in this fiekl by this company. They 
invite correspondence addresseil to their main office at 55 Bagley Avenue. 

Gies's European Hotel and Restaurant. This is one of the most attractive and homelike hotels of any in Detroit. In 
its location, excellent and able management and the elegance of its accommodations it is second to none. The site, on Mon- 
roe avenue and Campus Martins, is the most central in town, being close to the princi]3al business sections, banks, theaters, 
post office, etc., and convenient of access to every quarter of the city. It was ojiened in Sejitember, 1880, by Messrs. Geo. 
H. Geis & Co., and is five stories in height, and of a large area, having no less than fifty-two rooms for guests. On the 
first Hoor is the elegant restaurant and cafe, elaborately finished in oak, and second to none west of New Yoik. It readily 
seats eighty guests. The bill of fare and the cuisine are not ei|ualcd elsewhere in the city for their comprehensive and 
superior character, while adjoining is the most elegantly a])pointed bar in the city. The stock is of the ]iurest and the best 
and is a favorite with leading citizens. On the .'Second floor are the handsome offices, reading room and rece]ition room ; the 
next floor has beautifully fiirnished ]iarlors, the remainder of this flo<ir and the two above being devoted to rooms for guests. 
All the modern imjirovements and safeguards have been introduced, including a Graves safety jias.'^enger elevator, steam heat, 
electric bells in all rooms, while there are broad and airy halls, fire escapes, and the iSFcCormick fire alarm system on every 
fioor, so that the welfiire and comfort of the gue.<s is thoroughly jirovided for. Since the decease of George H. Gies, his 
sons, Jlessrs Edward (J. and Frank A. (iies, have continued the business on behalf of Jlrs. Gies, and the estate, in eon- 
junction with Sir. Louis Rehse, the pojiular and enterprising manager of tlu^ house, and who has been connecte(l with it for 
twentv vears iiast. A jierfect svsteni of (U'ganization is enforced and the guests fimi themselves surrounded by all home com- 
forts iiere, while the tarifi'is very moderate, being only 81 ]ier day and iqiward. 'l"he otfici' is in charge of ('(iiupcteut clerks, 
and those who desire most comflirtable surroundings and the best board in the city should stay at this elegantly equipped and 
carefully conducted hotel. 



156 ILLUSTRATED DETROIT. 

As there are few people who do not require the service of a dentist at some stage of their existence, it seems a propi- 
tious time while reviewin;.'' the prominent industries of Detroit, to call attention to the marvelous advancements made by Dr. 
C. H. Land in devisiiiir methods by which the profession are enabled to accept scientific [irincijiles in repairing the teetii, 
and relieve sufiering humanity fnjm the tedious old-time practices, his manifold devices consisting of a gas furnace ajipa- 
ratus for fusing of ])orcelain in all its varied forms as apjilied in dentistry. The art of filling with sections of porcelain, 
Coating undeveloped teeth v.'ith metallic enamelled overcoats, three or four systems of crowning teeth with ])orcelain and the 
manner of tilling all classes of decayed teeth with gold, by which he avoids the nece.ssity of the mallet or the disagreeable 
rubber dam, all of which are protected l)y patents, and which are being adopted all over the entire country by those seeking 
for advanced ideas. Dr. Land has met with many obstacles in getting his devices introduced, but all who have taken the 
])ains to investigate his improved devices, pronounce them superior to any in use, denoting a complete familiarity with the 
business, combined with a genius seldom shown. The peculiar sy.5tem of dental practice introduced and successfully con- 
ducted by Dr. Land emliraces an improvement in the scientific adaptation of artificial teeth which renders most superior 
results. By this jirinciple the mouth is relieved of large and awkward dentures by the cm])loyment of the smallest anwamt 
of material. This feature likewise furnishes an improved method of filling teeth with gold, the sujjerior advantage consisting 
in the restoration of every descri[)tion of the natural teeth, and filling all forms of cavities in a thoroughlv reliable manner, 
and without causing the least jtain or fatigue to the patient. By this method of treatment the rubber dam is discarded, as 
also the long, tedious ])rocess of malleting, rendering jiossible a much larger number of important dental f)jierations than 
could have been perfjrmed under the old system. The new porcelain process is another valuable item in this excellent 
mode of dental practice ; and has for its object the restoration of the natural teeth to their original appearance in size, 
color and shape. The filling of a decayed space in the front of the teeth is accomjilished by a section of porcelain, so 
moulded as to form a perfect plug, exactly conforming to the cavity, the color of the teeth being secured by thin porcelain 
veneers which are ground to fit the ]ilug, and the two baked together in a retort into a ])erfeet whole and fitted with most 
positive accuracy. A very small quantity (jf water-jiroof cement is jjlaced in the cavity, and the section of porcelain be- 
comes to all intents and purposes the same as the natural teeth it replaced. The metallic enamelled coats are another of the 
important considerations of this system. This consists of a metal coat or jacket so constructed as to cover the entire sur- 
face of the defective tooth after the coating of baked enamel is placed on the outside. This enamel is colored by the aid of 
porcelain veneers, comjjletely imitating all of the varied tints of the natural teeth. The Land system of dental practice is 
fully protected by a series of patents which afford the most satisfactory indications of the sterling imurovements claimed. 

J. F. Saialley & Co., State Agents for the Hammon j.ypewriter. INIr. Smalley having lived in Detroit about eighteen 
years, is well known among business men as being a bright, enterprising young man, with an excellent character, and is well 
liked by all who know him. The Hammond typewriter is a remarkable machine, and has no equal in a great many ways, 
and is conceded by those who use it, to be the finest typewriter in the market. The following are a few of the leading points 
in the machine, and are of great importance: The highest record of speed known; perfect and permanent alignment; inter- 
changeable type (all styles and languages); uniform impressicjn, being independent of touch; takes any width of paper, also 
twenty yards in length; key boards adopted to the requirements of all o])erators; weighs but eighteen ]iounds in case, hence 
suitable for travel or office; is beautifully plated throughout, and fitted in highly polished walnut, mahogany and antique 
oak cases. The durability of the machine in its general mechanical construction is excellent; the wearing surfaces are so 
extensive and well fitted as to insure precision of action for a long time, and all of the parts are of such construction that 
they can readily be replaced. The many improvements on the Hammond machine, makes it the best and most durable 
machine made. In connection with the Hammond machine the firm have a very fine typewriting bureau, emi)loying from 
six to eight stenographers and typewriters, which is becoming well known among business men who have that kind of work 
to do. Stenographers are furnished t(j report speeches, sermons, etc., at reasonable rates. They also keep a fine line of 
typewriter supplies for all makes of machines, including ribbons, carbon paper, note books, erasers, paper, pencils, 
etc. J. R. Thomas, who represents the company in the firm of J. F. Smalley & Comjjany, is au energetic young man, 
formerly of New York City, wlio is well known in that locality and has a fine reputation. 

Henry B. Smith, Curio Hall, 55 Gratiot avenue. Fifteen years of Mr. Smith's time, talent and industry have been 
devoted to collecting one of the finest and choicest collections of ancient and modern coins, stamps, Indian and war relics, 
minerals, fossils and thousands of other curiosities a])i)roj)riate for a scientific and curio museinn. Mr. Smith is curator ot 
the Detroit Public Library, and being a broad, liberal and jiublic-spirited citizen, has thrown his own large and curious col- 
lection o])en as a free exhibition to the public, and a visit to his museum is au instructive and jjleasant occasion. A iiee in- 
v'itation is extended to all. 

Huber & Metzger, bicycle dealers, 13 Grand River avenue. This is a new firm in Detroit, and they are modestly 
seeking public favor, not demanding it. Their wares are better known than themselves, for they handle the famous Colum- 
bia bicycle, which they are pushing so rai)idly in favor with wheelmen that their sales in the jiast four months they have 
been in business have exceeded the total of sales for this machine for the previous two years. The firm started business 
February 15th, 1891, and is composed of Stanley B. Huber and Will E. Metzger, the former for many years and until 
recently a resident of and a business man of Louisville, Ky., and the latter a well-known business man of Detroit. B(ith 
members have been interested in the wheel business for years. ]\Ir. Huber established the firm of Huber & Allison in Louis- 
ville in 1883, and made it the most successful concern handling bicycles in the South. They started in a small way and in 
a few years built up a magnificent business and occupied a large store. INIr. Metzger has been an enthusiastic wheelman for 
years, and as a well and favorably known young business man he adds much to the new firm. In addition to the Columbia, 
they handle a variety of other wheels and can suit men, women, boys or girls with a bicycle in kee])ing with their means 
and desires. Huber & Itletzger also sell the Edison IMimeograph and other modern office devices, and will shortly intro- 
duce a new typewriter, which promises to be the king of writing machines. 

Christian Baumann, Manufacturer of Foster's Patent Artificial Limbs, Nos. 29 and 31 Grand River avenue. Mr. 
Baumann is a thoroughly expert machinist as well as an inve!itive genius, and carries on a general business as a manufac- 
turer of artificial arms and legs, orthoepedical apparatus and metallic furnishings of every description, also as a machinist 
and general manufacturer of light macliinery and tools of every description and all kinds of forging. A native of Phila- 



o 



ILLUSTRATED DETROIT. 157 

delphia, Mr. Baumann came to this city fifteen years ^%n and has ever since been following his present lino. For six years 
he was a member of the firm of Lauer A Baumann, retirinir from the co-partnersliip two yeare ago to begin business on his 
own account, and his trade now extends to all parts of the United States. The premises occupied, comprise a store with 
workshop in the rear and two additional floors e(iuipped with the most inipi-oved macliinery, driven by a ten horse i)owcr 
engine, and employment is afforded a force of thoroughly expert workmen, whose operations are jjersonally superintended by 
Mr. Baumann. This gentleman is theonly one in the country who can manufacture a lind) comiilete, and he guarantees to 
jjertectly fit the most difficult amputation. Mr. Baumann publishes a finely illustrated catalo^nie which is sent free on 
application. 

^^^ H. Coots, Turkish, Russian and Roman Bath and Massage Institute, Nos. 38 and 40 Gi-atiot avenue. It is an 
established fact that the Turkish bath is a positive sanitary necessity, preserving strong, robust health in jier.sons living in 
densely populated towns and fortifying the system against sudden varations of temperature and uncertainty of climate. " It 
improves and clears the complexion, cleanses the skin and imparts a healthy smoothness of texture to all jnirts of the body. 
Detroit is well provided for in this respect by the Turkish, Roman and Russian Bath and Alassage Institute, of which W. H. 
Coots is proprietor. This establishment was o])ened by Mr. Coots in 1884, and it has been conducted with the most gratify- 
ing success. The building occupied is a three-story brick structure, handsomely appointed throughout with the most 
ai)proved appliances and conveniences. Here Turkish, Russian and Roman baths and massage may be indulged in, the best 
treatment and every consideration being assured. Baths may be had fijr one dollar and massage for the same price. Com- 
petent atten<lants wait upon jjatrons, and every polite attention is shown. Mr. Coots, who was "born near Limdon, England, 
has resided in Detroit since his youth. For four years he served as a sheriff' of Wayne County, and he has Ion"- been known 
as a prominent citizen. 

P. E. Slick, Merchant Tailor, No. 1.39 Griswold street. Mr. Slick is a native of New York, and has had upwards of 
fifteen years experience at his trade, and in 1879 he came to Detroit to open his present establishment, which from the fii-st 
has been acc(jrded a patronage of a most substantial and influential character. The store of which we show an interior view, 
is appropriately and tastefully fitted up. Here is displayed a large fii'st-class ass(jrtment of imjjorted and domestic woolens, 
including all the latest novelties in fancy cassimeres, cheviots, cloths, diagonals, tweeds, checks, stripes and fashionaljle suit- 
ings, from which the most fastidious in dress can make selections. A com])etent statt' of skilled cutters and tailors is in per- 
manent service, and the garments made here are marvels of perfection, faultless in fit and finish and are sure to please even the 
most critical. In the matter of charges Mr. Slick is fair and reasonable, and he makes it his constant aim to five the full- 
est satisfaction to his customers. Personally he is a popular gentleman and fully merits the large measure of success he has 
achieved. 

The Voigt Brewery Comjiany. "Whenever an article of manufixcture or mertdiandise possessing exceptional merit or ex- 
cellence is offered, it is usual for the producer to protect his wares or j)roduct l)y the adoption of some name or trade mark 
that will carry with it either to the trade or consumer the guarantee of the maker. This serves as a protection alike to the 
manufixcturer and buyer, prevents the palming off on the latter of an inferior article and enables the former to establish and 
maintain a reputation for raaiuifacturing an article of standard excellence and (juantity. This observation of a coi-rect busi- 
ness principle is particularly pertinent to the widely known and successful concei-n operated as the ^'oigt Brewery Company, 
whose extensive establishment, located on Grand River avenue, is shown on another page in this work. The Rhinetrold beer 
produced by this brewery is a triumph, the result of years of practical brewing. It has no superior for quality, purity and 
general excellence, and its delicate and pleasing flavor have made it the popular brand wherever it can be had. Tlie brewery 
was founded by ^Ir. C. W. Voigt as long ago as 186(3, and from the start it has maintained its position as Detroit's leading 
brewery. Mr. E. W. Voigt, only sou of the founder, succeeded his father in 1871. His life has been sjient in gaining the 
fidl benefit of his fiither's ripe experience, and he took charge of the establishment thoroughly equipped with a knowledge 
of all its practical branches. He undertook to demonstrate that an American brewery coidd produce a brew the equal if not 
superior to any brands of lager beer made in Europe. This result it is conceded he Inis attained in the manufacture of the 
Rhiuegold beer. The name and brand belong to the Voigt Brewing Conxpany, and Rhinegold beer is ever\-where accepted 
for its high standard of purity and excellence. The Voigt Brewery was long sought by English capitalists for an invest- 
ment, and after long and tedious negotiations it was finally capitalized to an English syndicate for £18.'), 0(10 or 8925,000. 
Mr. Voigt could not lie induced to part with his entire interest, and retained in the new concern a majority of the caj)ital 
stock and its general management. Since ^March 1st, 1890, the new comi)any has controlled the property and nothing has 
been left undone to maintain the high character and reputation of its brands of beer. The brewery ])roper has an area of 
100x180 feet, and the various departments are fully equipped with the latest and most improved macliinery and apidiances. 
Over sixty brewers and workmen are employed and twenty wagons are engaged in filling orders for Detroit trade alone, this 
brewery having almost a nxonoixjly of the city trade. A seventy-five ton ice machine and the other machinery of the plant 
is operated by a 200 horse power Corliss engine. At the present time the annual ca|iacitv of the brewery is 100,000 barrels, 
the storage cai)acity 24,000 and the brow kettle holds the enormous amount of .'!(iO barrels. Improvements now comi)leted 
will still further increase this extensive capacity. The com])any uses only the best malt and hops, and these are handled in 
such a careful and srientific manner as to bring forth the most satisfactory results. Mr. Iv AV. \'oigt, the general manager 
of the company, whoso jjortrait and elegant ])rivate residence may also be seen elsewhere in this work, is a representative 
business man, a native of Saxony, Germany, but, in every essential, a thorough going, pnigrcssive American citizen, and he 
is highly regarded in business circles for his excejititmal ai)ility, energy and integrity. This is shown by the large number 
of successful business ventures with which Mr. Voigt is connected in Detroit. He is a director in the Union National Bank, 
a strong financial institution, and has a seat with the board of directors of a half dozen or more other companies. 

The Schulenburg Manufacturing Company. The inventor of the game of billiards introduced an indoor amusement 
that grows in favor constantly, and especially is this true of the game within the hapjiy influence of the home circle. It has 
become .such a re(|uisite to a first-class domestic estaltlishment that one is not regarded as complete without its billiard room 
and table. Modern workmanship an<l scientific improvements with the adaptation of the mechanical inventions have so 
lessened the cost of nianufiictuiv that this delightful i)astiine in one's home is not now confined to the rich, but is within the 
reach of those in moderate circumstances, the full eciuipmeut of a room, tables, balls, cues, and all accessories costing but a 



158 



ILLUSTRATED DETROIT. 



few hundred dollars. The game has been generally recommended I)y pliysicians and scientists as a means of daily exercise 
and recreation at home, and its jiractice is urged ui^ou all the members of the family — men, women and cliildren. It 
developes skill, precision, mathematical calculation and dexterity, and combines in a most interesting way ])hvsical and 
mental exercise. An attractive billiard table at home goes a long way towards solving the question asked by so many 
jiarents " How can we keej) our boys at home ?" Give them comfortable l>illiard rooms and billiard tallies, scj that body and 
mind can be amused and invigorated, and the attractions and pleasures of home will be superior to those beyond its 
boundaries. The Schulenburg Manufacturing Com]5any, at 98, 100 and 102 Rand(jlph street, Detroit, make a specialty of 
fine billiard and pool talbes for residences and will furnish designs, diagrams and other information free on application. The 
concern has been located in Detroit for nearly fortj' years and has made for itself an enviable reputaticin for the product of 
its factories. Its several styles of billiard tables include their " Exposition," " Leader," " Mctor," " Club House," 
" Brilliant," " Dclphine," " Novelty," "Athletic Club," " Favorite," etc. Prices vary consideral)ly, according to the 
ek'gence of material, elaborate ornamentation, and difficult workmanship, but they are all alike in respect to their perfect 
i)laying qualities and their durability. The "Victor" was awarded the first medal for excellence at the Detroit Interna- 
tional Exposition of 1889. A strong feature of the Schulenburg tables is the exjiert comliinatiou cushions with which all 
are supplied. It gives the greatest speed and correctness in true angles, its durability and accuracy are but slightly aflected 
by climate or weather, and the elasticity is uniform in all parts of the cushion. Exjiert authorities concede these cushions 
to be the best in existence. The Schulenburg billiard tables are in use in any number of the princijial hotels, billiard halls 
and club rooms of the country and thousands of them are in private residences. The great measure of success achieved by 
this company is due to the fact that its president, Mr. Charles Schulenburg, is a practical mechanic and has at all times 
given the company the benefit of his skill and experience in the direction of its aflairs. He learned his trade in Germany, 
and worked at the bench over twenty-five years and since 1847 exclusively on billiard tables. He is a master of all the 
details of billiard table manufiictiire and still superintends the mechanical jiart of the business of the Schulenlnirg Manufac- 
turing Company. This is the most impurtant branch of the business and Mr. Schulenburg's personal attention to it enables 
him to give with each table his own giuirantee that the workmanship and material are of the very best and the jjroduct the 
result of the most practical and scientific ideas. Mr. Schulenburg emigrated to America in 1852, and established a billiard 
table manufactory in New York City. He removed to Detroit in 1856 and went into the present business alone. In 1881 
it became necessary to form a stock company in order to handle the extensive business of the concern with the required 
facility, and Mr. Schulenburg became president of the corporation. He is well kno\ra and highly resjjected. The company 
gives em])loyment to a large number of skilled mechanics and is regarded as one of the most substantial and progressive of 
Detroit's industrial enterprises. 

The Michigan Fire and Marine Insurance Company of Detroit, No. 95 Griswold street, ranks among the younger of 
the fire insurance companies of this country, having just completed its first decatle, but it is rapidly coming to the front as 
one of the strong ones. It commenced business in I\Iarcli, 1881, and from that date the increase in as.sets and net surjjlus 
Las been steady and continuous each year, with the exception of 1887. 

The first annual report contained the record of ten months only, and at that time the company had assets of 8213,244, 
and a net surplus of 11,377. The progress each year from that time on is shown by the following comparative table : 



YE.iK. 


ASSETS. 


Net SuRPLrs. 


PREjnujis. 


YEAR 


Assets. 


Net SfEPLUs. 


PREMnjMB. 


1881 


$213,244 
248,444 
287,608 
315,351 
346,228 
366,602 


$1,377 
15,042 
35,142 
41,035 
53,796 
64,073 


$22,625 
73,126 
79,224 
118,939 
137,808 
161,770 


1887 


$362,547 

*715,451 

735,115 

822,891 

913,593 


$43,209 
133,«.S0 
114,746 
160,481 
169,493 


$183,690 
289,645 
388 '^14 


1882 


1888 

1889 


1883 


1884 


1890 


480,078 


1885 


1891 Julv 1st 


1886 















^Capital stock increased to $400,000. 

The gains for the year 1890 were in assets $87,776, in net surplus $45,635, and in premium income $91,864. The 
total income for 1890 was $525,969, as compared with $434,495 the preceding year, and the total expenditure $447,068, 
including an 8 per cent, dividend. Since its organization the company has received in jiremiums $2,200,150, and paid out 
upwards of $1,000,000 for losses. The company's losses incurred last year amounted to $231,299 — a ratio of a trifle over 48 
per cent, of the premiums received. As the percentage of losses incurred to premium receipts of all the companies doing 
business in Michigan during the past ten years was 56 per cent., the Michigan was certainly very successful during the year. 

The management of this company is both progressive and conservative, and while it manifests a commendable push for 
business it does so with a caution which insures an excellent and profitable class of risks. This added to a careful financial 
policy has enabled the management to build up a strong comj^any and at the same time make a good pnjfit for the stock- 
holders. Its officers are David Whitney, Jr., ])resident, well known as an extensive owner and dealer in pine lands, lumber 
and city real estate, and vice-pre.?ident of the ^lerchants' and ^Manufacturers' Bank ; D. j\I. Ferry, the vice-president, is at 
the head of the D. M. Ferry Seed House, and vice-president of the First National Bank of Detroit ; ]\I. W. O'Brien, the 
treasurer, is the president of the People's Savings Bank of Detroit; Eugene Harbeck, the secretary, has had long exjjeri- 
ence in the insurance business, as has also E. G. Booth, assistant secretary. 

The Detroit Business University was established over forty years ago, and its growth as an educational institution has 
typified the development of the city as a commercial center. To-day the University occupies one of the largest, handsomest, 
and most substantial business blocks in the city, and in its range of learning and education it is in fidl keeping with its mag- 
nificent surroundings. The University building is located at the corner of Wilcox avenue and Barclay Place and is in 
close proximity t» the public library. It is substantially constructed of red brick and stone, and possesses exceptional 
architectural merit. Its length is 100 feet by 60 feet wide and five stories high. Its interior is most com^jletely and elegantly 
fumishec" with every modern device and accessory conducive to health, comfort and convenience. Three stories are occupied 



ILLUSTRATED DETROIT. 



159 



wholly by the University, an inspection of the several departnicuts affording an interesting treat, accessible to visitors at 
almost any time. W. F. Jewel, president; P. R. Spencer, secretary, and ISIcssrs. E. R. Felton and H. T. Loomis are the 
present owners of the Business University. In addition to these gentlemen there are also some fifteen or sixteen eminent 
lircfessors engaged in imparting instruction in the several departments, a couree of instruction comprising theoretical, jjracti- 
cal, active business and ottice training that leads the student through the business ]iart of a great variety of trade and com- 
merce, including retailing and wholesaling, jobbing, manufacturing, importing, farming, commission, brokerage, banking, 
transporting, &c. Commercial law, ty])e-writing, shorthand, ornamental ])ennianship, elocution and languages, arc also 
among the numerous accom])lishments available in this institution. A careful mentorship is exercised over pupils to advance 
their social and moral training in conformity with the rules of good society. A course in the Detroit Business University is 
ample to fit the student for every obligation alike of commercial and private life. The faculty invites the correspondence of 
])arents and guardians and young men and women desirous of a thorough and comj)lete business education or special 
instruction in any of the numerous branches taught at this University. 




The FaiTand & Votey Organ Co. is the successor of the Whitney Organ Co., the nucleus of which was formed on the 
co-operative plan as the Detroit Organ Co. in 1881. The ])resent title was assumed in 1887, and from that year dates the 
unprecedented success of the institution, which has been almost ]ihenonienal. The reed lu-gan trade now extends to all jiarts 
of the glolie, shipments being made to Yokohama, Singapore, Bombay, JIaritzburg, South Africa, and to points in England, 
(iernuuiy, Holland, Denmark, Sweden, Italy, Australia and South America, and the cajiacity of this dejiartment is pushed 
to the utmost at all times. The outi)ut at the present time is 500 organs a month. Tlie pre.sent officers of the company 
are E. H. Flinn, capitalist, president; A. E. F. White, of the seed firm of D. M. Ferry & Co., vice-president; W. R. 
Farrand, treasurer and financial manager, and E. S. Votey, secretary and practical manager. The ])i] c oi'gan department 
was started in 18X9, an addition e(puil to one-half the former factory being erected for its accommodation. The jirogrcss of 
this department, like that of the other, has been veiy great, contracts for organs being now taken for six months in advance. 
Among the organs already shipped are included ones shipjied to Rochester, N. Y., Scottdale, Pa., Anniston, Ala., Denver, 
Colo., San Antonio, Texas, Little Rock, Ark., Lis1)on, Iowa, Freeport, 111., and FreuKiut, Ohio, showing the extent of chi.s 
branch of the business. The largest organ in the State and one of the largest and must comjilete organs in the West is at 
present in course of erection by this firm fur the First Presbyterian Church of this city. Contracts have been made for 
organs to bo shipped to Ogden, Utah, Springfield, 111., S])ringfield, JIo., Kansas City, Kas., Reading, Pa., St. Paul, Minn., 
Tiffin, O., Atlanta, (4a., and Dallas, Texas. The arrangement of the factory buildings and the mechanical a]>pliances for 
the prevention of lire, the handling of material, dry kilning and manufacturing are the most com|)lete of any in the country. 
The factory is e([uip[)ed with automatic sprinklers, fire ho.^e, hand grenades, water ])ails and electric alarms, and the men 
are organi/.ed into a thoroughly drilled fire department. Heservoirs holding .'")8,()0() gallons of water makes the institution 
independent of the city water supply in a time of need. Ijuploynient is given to l')5 Lands, and the establishment is con- 
sidered one of the most succes-sful and i)rosj)erous manufactories in the city. 

Frank H. Ness, Job Printer, corner (iriswold and Congress street. " up stairs," is among those who value printei's' ink 
a.< a means of disseminating information concerning themselves or their l)usines.<. No one stands higher than the gentleman 
named above. His lari,''e patronage, secured l)y dint of untiring energy, and zealous devotion to business is taken into account. 
He makes a specialty of tine printing and does a large amount of society work, such as invitations, ball programs, etc. 



i6o ILLUSTRATED DETROIT, 

E. J. Metzer, Photographer, Nos. 146 and 14o Woodward avenue, is among Detroit's leading photo artists. It 
would be difficult to name one who turns out a finer class of work than iNIr. E. J jVIetzer. ]\Ir. Aletzer is a practical and 
expert photographer of some nine yeai-s experience in his profession, and is in short, a thorough master of the art in all its 
branches. The premises here occujjied, comprising handsome reception parlor, ladies' toilet, gallery, studio and operating 
rooms, are spacious, tastefully fitted up and completely equipped with all the latest improved apparatus, appliances and 
general appurtenances to a first-class photographic establishment. Photc)graphy in all its branches is executed in the highest 
style of the art at reasonable prices. 

Mason L. Bro\Mi, civil engineer and landscape gardener, 52 and 23 Hodges Block. This gentleman is prominent 
and popular as a civil engineer and landscape gardener, and has been established in the business here since 1886. He 
prepares plans, estimates and specifications, anfl superintends the erection of water works, and all kind of sewerages, drainage, 
and general sanitary work ; inijsroves and lays out parks, cemeteries, and private estates; and gives his proni])t attention to 
platting and snrveving of all kinds. The fidelity and accuracy manifested by Mr. Brown has been generally recognized, 
and he has been intrusted with some of the most important public and private work that ha.s been carried out in Detroit and 
vicinity during recent yeare. His services are in constant and imjjortaut recpiisition in different parts of the State, and 
wherever rendered, he has left a good name behind him. He laid out the jiark and hotel grounds fur the Grand Pointe 
Improvement Company, in St. Clair County, surveying some 600 acres ; the South Detroit suburb of about 800 acres ; the 
W. L. Benham grounds, Les Cheneaux ; the Pointe au Pins, summer resort at Bois Blanc, for Jackson parties ; Forest Lawn 
Cemetery, at Detroit ; Woodlawn Cemetery, at Jackson ; Elm Lawn Cemetery, at Bay City ; sewer work, at Coldwater ; 
the Baptist Summer Resort, Traverse City; 150 acres water works, at Ithaca ; Universalist Resort Ground, at Traverec 
City ; and surveying Palmer's Park, sub-division of .50 acres ; the Jerome Park, sub-division of 150 acres ; W. W. Hannan's, 
Wm. B. jMoran's, The " iloorlands," Hunt & Leggetts, Shelley & Simpson, C. W. Harrah, and the Pingree avenue sub- 
divisions, all in this city. The appreciation and approljation bestowed upon his w<jrk by all who have had occasion to 
inspect and test its merits, is his best recommendation, his only needed indorsement. ^Ir. Brown is a native of IMaine, 
studied and practiced his profession in Boston, and is a young man of hberal training, broad culture and marked executive 
ability, who has the requisite energy, perseverance and push, to win the brightest laurels in his profession. 

The Lyceum Theatre, corner of Randolph and Champlain streets, Shaw & Delano, lessees and proprietors. This is 
Detroit's first class theater. It is one of the largest and finest theaters in the West, a model in its interior and stage 
arrangements, perfect in its acoustic qualities, and elegant and luxurious in its a])]5ointments, decorations and furnishings. 
The theater was built by the Brush estate on the site of the old Music Hall, which was destroyed by fire in the disastrous 
conflagration of the D. M. Ferry seed warehouse, and originally cost $130,(H)0. I^arge sums liave since been expended in 
remodeling and decorating, it being the purpose of the owners and the lessees to keep the I^yceum up at all times to the mark 
intended in its inception; that of a fii-st class, modern theater. Under the name of the Grand Theater, the house was first 
opened under the management of the late Charles O. White, by the ^IcCaull Opera Conq)any, in September, 1886. l\Ir. 
White conducted the theater successfully until his death, when the management was assumed by Harry Miner, of New York, 
who controlled the house during the latter part of the sea-son of 1888-'89, and during the following season. A\'ith the 
l)eu:innin<,'' of last season, the owners were fortunate in securing Messrs. Shaw & Delano as lessees. Mr. Shaw has lieen 
identified with Detroit amusements for the pa.st sixteen years, and commenced his theatiical business career under T. W. 
Davey, for whom he was treasurer for many years, during the term ]Mr. Da\-ey was manairer of the old Detroit Opera House. 
His connecti(jn with amusements in the various cai)aeities, from manaiicrial down, have ^-i yen to ]Mr. Shaw the jud.nnient 
and knowledge of ripe experience, and an insight into the requirements of the anuusemeut loving public, second to no manager 
in tiie country. His as,sociate Orrin W. Delano is a well known business man, exceedingly well adajited to the business. 
The Lyceum has had a most successful season since these ijentlemen assumed the management, and during the foit}' weeks 
of the past season the leading attractions <if the country have ajipeared. 

Many fortunes, it is well known, have been made by })atentcd inventions. ISTew processes, new products, new machines, 
or improvements on old ones, new combinations of old devices, methods of utilizing waste, advertising devices, games, toys, 
and otiier novel and useful articles have repeatedly brought wealth to inventors, when properly protected by patents. Many 
a good thing has been let drop which might have brought fortune had it been patented. The rewards of invention are by 
no means confined to the production of com[)licatcil machinery, but often the quickest and most generous returns come from 
protecting and pushing s irae simple invention or improvement, by which lari^-er results are obtained, or are olitained more 
simply or quickly than by firmer methods. On the (jther hand fn-tuncs have often been missed by neglecting to develop 
and secure a patent upon some good thing which has come into the mind. 

N. S. Wrii,dit, patent attorney and .solicitor of patents, .S2 Griswold street, Detroit, Mich., will send his Inventors' ^Manual, 
giving fidl information how to j)roceed to obtain a patent, and much other useful matter on application. Personal inter- 
views and correspondence solicited. 

Edgar A. Davis, of the Davis Boat and Oar Conqiany. It should always be rejrarded as a happy chance ^vhen a boy 
shows a marked predilection for a certain line of business or professional calling. A man always works to better advan- 
tage when he works, not only with a will, but with his heart in it. A good examjile of the success that is almost sure to 
cri)wn a career begun under such auspices is furnished in the ca.se of Edgar A. Davis, who was born in Detroit, Sejitcndicr 
24, 1862. He left school at the age of fourteen, one year after the deathof his mother, resolved on a sailor's life. His first 
venture was rowing his boat up and down the St. Clair river, at all hours and in all kinds of weather, buying fish from the 
Hshernien and liobbers. He sailed the lakes in difii?rent ca]>aeities until 18,S2, when, at the age of twenty, he settled in 
Alpena, Mich., where he engaged in the business of catching fish. This venture jjroved very successftd, and he had the 
iarirest plant of any concern on the lakes, cnq)loyina; as many as a hundred men at a time in the various branches of the 
business. In 188-t he was married to Miss Belle Butterfield, of Alpena, and in 1886 moved to Detroit He secure<l the 
boating ])riv:leges in Belle Isle Park, and not being able to purchase ju.st such boats as suited his ideas, he established a 
boat building works of his own. The excellence of his work soon brought to him a large outside trade from iieople who 
wanted the park boats duplicated, and from this small business sprang the Davis Boat and Oar Company, with Edgar A. 
Davis as its president. The works of the company are situated on East Atwater street, in the center of the city, and occupy 



ILL USTRA TED DE TROIT. 



i6i 




EDGAR A. UA\ IS. 

ihi.1vl!o.u-''nN TlV ^'"7 ""'''"^ ^T ^-'" ^^^'^"ty-^^"'' ^'^'"'^'^ ^^■'"■'^'"^■"' =">'• '"^^^•'^ ^ "^P^-^itv for the ,ua,u,iiu.turo of 
. i 1 thousaml oarsa week. Then- oar trade is tl,e largest of any concern v-est of New York City. They have 

1 e o ■H.'f'rr t ' r '■; 1 T' ""■'" •;' \'i! • '"""^^^^ *''"^ '"•« ^"^'''" ^'-i'* "^ ^'-^ -^^er, and they also export tlu- ],r.' 

h: ;' n "n"- T ' ^^"'^V"''' ^''^- ^'^^ '"™ '"■"•' '" •^'^'^'^ ^ l'"-g<^ 'l"'"'t't>^ -^f •'''i th'^ various styles of 
ooat>, and l)ndd anythnig from a canoe to a steam launch. 



row and 



■ai 




_ 11ns half-tone illustrations flimi.'she.'; a very pood idea of the kind of w,,rk turned out hv tiieni. Boat buildin-r is an 
industry of |mi,ortanee in nearly every section of the country, but if it can be said to lie localized at all, most assuredly it 
w in tiio reirion of thofrreat lakes, and certainly no city is more advantajreouslv situated in this respect than Detroit. 'At 
all events, this city enjoys the distinction of beinir the home of the aliove concern, which mav iustlv be named the premier 
l)(.at hmlders <if .\nierica. Their row boats, steam launches, sail boats, canoes, duck boats and' other sportiuL' craft arc to- 
day afloat on the far away waters of Tahoc, Pn.-ret Sound, Chesajieake Bav, Mooschead, the Hudson Kiver, ami in fact 
wherever boatinir is a popular pastime. This conijianv has just secured ten acres frontim:- the Detroit Kiver, just below the 
city, where they will erect a larire factory .'iOxSOO feet in Icnirth the jiresent season, and where thev will have b'etter facilities 
to build larire boats. Canals will be drediied from the channel bank, (10 feet wide bv 1 ,:W(t iirt lon^.^-, and 1 L> feet ileep, 
whicli will iiffl.rd a fine harbor and winter qmirtcrs for larire vessels. 'Wlien coiniileted', the works will lu- the larirest of the 
kuul in the world. Anyone contemplatin,' the ]Hirehase of a boat of anv kind sh..uld not fail to inve.4i-ate the exceptional 
inducements of the Davis P.oat and Oar Co., as they un(|uestionably stand at the head of .\merican boat buildei-s. 

Charles L. Clark, doin-j; business under the firm name of Cba-. L. Clark c^- Co., was born in Roche.<;tcr, X. Y. He is a 
eon of the musical author, well known as the "silver voieeil abolitionist," at the time a resident of that city, more recently 



i62 ILLUSTRATED DETRO/T. 

of Detmit. The s<uhjoft of this sketch removed with his ]i;ui'iits to Detroit in tiie early 'CO's, when lie began his career as 
an ai)]>rentiee with IM. S. Smith & Co. In '71 lailinLi; heaUii eonipeiled liim to ijive up the jewelry business for that of the 
insurance ami real estate with a leading firm. In 1S7!)-''S0, he associated him.self with Collin iV' Camphell and estahlished a 
house for himself, and at the end of 20 years he had acquired a valualile knowledge of liusiness nietlntds, of men, and of 
property valuations. While not what is termed a great "j)uslicr" he is conservative and reliable and his ventures 
(whetiier f ir himself or his customers), have ]iroven sucees.sful and he invariably makes money fir them. His ojiinions on 
value of JX'troit jiroperty have been recognized by the leading business men of the city :!s authoritative, ]\Ir. Clark is modest, 
does not conline his real estate transactions to any one class of property. His greatest successes however, have been in im- 
|)roved pro]ierty, yet he has successfully handled large suburban plats, among them being tie Clark, Liclity, the W. S. 
Crane sub-ilivisioii, the two Metz farms, the Hart farm, the Longyear sub-division of Bisinark avenue, and the Chcnc street 
sub-division, aggregating some 1,500 to 1,800 lots. He has also handled and sold many fine acreages, but his largest and 
most numerous sales have been within the two-mile circ lit and inside resident jiroperty, not only in l)uying and selling but 
in huildini; and ueLTotiating loans. The largt st transactions consunnnated in the city have been made by him, among \vhieh is 
the sale of the old Campbell it Linn corner to Hiram Walker for 81().s,(l(H), a Farmer St. deal for 845,00(1, Bamfoi'd stores 
on .Tetferson avenue for 820,000, the Buncher residence on Warren avenue, SI 8,500, anii the Irving place at 812,500, besides 
placing many large manufacturing loans, in all aggi-egating over 8500,000 in the ]ia.st two years. Mr. Clark has also had 
20 years experience as a fire inderaniter and general insurance agent during which he has never bad a law suit or lost a 
friend or customer by reason of an unfair or unjust fire settkment. He represents the following substantial and leading 
insurance conijianies: the General Fire Insurance Co., of Philadelphia, Pa., a.ssets about 81,400,000; Fireman's Fire, of 
Newark, N. J., assets about 81,400,000; the Providence Washington Fire Insurance Co., of Providence, I!. I., assets about 
$1,325,000; the National Fire, of Hartford, Conn., as.sets about 82,000,000, and the Newark Fire Co., of Newark, N. J., 
assets about 8750,000; also the Lloyd's Plate Glass Co., of New York, assets about 8450,000, the largest jilate glass com- 
pany in the Uniteil States, and the American Employes Liability xVssuranc Corporation, of New York, with assets about 
$300,000. This company in.sures against accidents, employers' liability of all kinds, (levator and boiler insurance, etc. 

Alfred Terry, ]iresident of the Supreme Assembly, "National Potare," was born at Ajipleford, England, June 2!), 
1845. In ISdO iie left England and after spending- a year in (_'anada, came to IMiehigan and engaged in trade for several 
years, when he entered the service of the railway company (D. (i. H. and INI.), which he continued for five years, and then 
engai^ed in the insurance business, making a great success in the latter, and since he came to Detroit f lurteen years since, has 
devoted his time in developing a system of insurance upon a plan within the reach of the rich and the poor alike, and ea.sily 
comprehended by all. On the first of April, 18!)0, Mr. Terry received from the legislature of this State authority, and he 
at (mee prnceeded to organize as proviiled by the laws of Michigan the " National Dotare " by which life and endowment 
insurance is etf'oted under the sy.stem devisj.4 by him. The incorporators of the order of the National Dotare are men of 
the largest exjierience and probity. The present officers of the Supreme Assembly are Alfred Terry, president, Detroit; 
Andrew Harshaw, vic3 president, .Vlpena; T. 1?. Spencer, assistant ])resid'-nt, Saginaw; Fred. J. Weeman, secretary, Detroit; 
George W. Crook, audltur, Trenton; Fred. B. Harper, treasurer. City Savings Bank, Detroit; Fred. W. Carlisle, past jnvsi- 
dent, Saginaw. Suliordinate Assemblies have been established in many of the larger cities and towns in Michigan and cm- 
brace in their membership the leading bankers and business men of these respective localities. ]\Ir. Terry devotes his entire 
time in looking after and organizing subordinate assembly. His success lias been remarkable in this direction and can only 
be accounted f'or except through his earnest activity, and that imiiression of integrity and ]writy of purpose cxpre.s.«ed in liis 
physiognomy and in his words and acts. Mr. Terry in politics is Kepublican, in religion Ei)isco])alian. His family consists of 
wife, five daughters and two sons. 

Lodge, Sprague & Ashley, attorneys-at-law, main office Whitney Opera House Building, Detroit, Michigan, branch 
office. New Carter Building, Jackson, ^iichigan. Specialty, commercial, real estate and corporation law and collections. The 
firm is counsel for the Snow-t'hurch Company of Detroit, a corixn-ation organized for the pur])ose of making collections in 
all parts of the world, and representing over 200 jobbers and inanufacturers of Detroit and vicinity. The firm is also 
Detroit i-epresentativc of the leading exchanges and trade agencies of the East, em])loys a large office force and all modern 
facilities for doing the large and successful business it commands. The firm is composed of Frank T. Lodge and 'W'ni. C. 
Sprague, and Byron S. Ashley of Jackson. 

Waldhaner cfc Seyfiarth, merchant tailors, ;iO Fort street, west. This fashionabl(> tailoring house lias been established 
for six years under the la-esent style of firm. Both members, however, are practical and artistic tailoi-s, who, jircvions to 
forming a co-[)artnership, had been engaged in the business many years. A lirief biogra]iliieal sketch of each will show how 
capable, as a firm, they are to fashionably attire the well to do and wealthy citizens of Detroit. Cieorge L. A\'aldbauer 
learned the tailoring trade in New York City, and had the benefit and experience of employment under some of the leading 
and most artistic cutters of that great center of fashions. He came west in 1881 to take a place in Bay City, but liaving 
passed through Detroit, he was so taken with the city as a ]ilace of business that soon after arriving at Bay City he removed 
to this city, where he entered the employment of E. M. Burghardt, as head cutter. In a short time INIr. Waldbaner went 
into business for himself, and later firmed a partnershij) with August W. Seytfiirth, constituting the present firm. ]Mr. 
Seytfarth is a master at his trade, which he has fillowed for over thirty years, lie is a native of Germany, and first threaded 
a needle and carried a tape in the mother country. JMr. Seytt'artli has lived in Detroit since 1872, and has a large business 
and social awiuaintance. The high standing of the firm is shown by the award, for several years in succession, of the 
contract from the United States Government for siijiplying uniforms for the federal employes in this city. Their place^ of 
business is centrally located, and they enjoy a large and fashionable patronage. Both memlaers of the firm are men of family, 
and as merchants and citizens they possess the high rcs[iect and esteem of the community. 

Thomas & Huyette, 41 and 42 Hodges building, engineers, and daughtsmau, engravei-s, photographers, and blue 
printers, and make a specialty of draughting mechanical drawings for the use of inventors in yirocuring patents. The 
United States Patent Office recommends that working drawings should always be sent with the application for a patent, and 
it is made a requisite by foreign patent offices. These drawings are a great aid to inventors in procuring patents. Thomas & 
Huyette have been established two years, and already cover a large field and have a large clientele at a distance. They 



ILL US TEA TED DE TR OIT. 



163 



1]I.S 

line 



invite correspondencp, and are ready at all times to send an expert dranj,ditsman to any part of tlie eountrv, where 
services may he required. In their engravin;;- department they are prepared to make lialf-tone engravintrs, an(i their 
print plant is the most extensive of any in the West. 

John P. Lieberman, wlmlesale and retail eiijars, 84 Gratiot avenue, is to bo found one of the best stocks of cigars, and 
one of the neatest stores in Detroit. He has aecjuired an elei^ant trade, botli in the city and eountry. His sales from mail 
orders being especially large, ^fr. Lieberman has a fine location, and is deservedly poiiular. 

Perrien &Br()., Fort (iratiot Roller Mills, 236 Gratiot avenue, ari' among the most prominent in the city, and enjoy a 
wide reputation for the sujierior excellence of their product. Mr. Perrien is a native of iVlsace, (ierniany, a resident of this 
country since 1.S4.S, and .settled in Detroit in 1<S.")7. He is widely known throughout the United States as the gentleman 
who was kidnapped lately by parties for revenue only. 

George E. Depew, architect, oflices in Hodges l)uilding. Among tho.«e who have acquired a wide re]iutation for 
thorough jiractica! skill and artistic conception as an architect in this city is INfr. De])e\v. His designs have become de- 
servedly celebrated. Mr. Depew is a young man of great natural ability, tliorough training and sound judgment, who is 
fully pre[)ared with all necessary facilities to design and supervise the erection of any building property and with intelligent 
apjjrehension of efic'ct. His great increase in business in the past year is a sufficient guarantee of his euccess. 




The United States 0]>tical Cbnijiany, u cut of whose manufactory and offices is shown herewith, was organized IMay 1st 
DSyO. Its officers are : August Kasche, jM'csident ; Eugene Deimel, vice-]iresident ; Frank Rasche, secretary and treasurer; 
Charles L. Ortman, Henry Koester, Richard W . Allen, and Stanley G. Miner, Directors. 

The company is ecjuipped with nKjdern machinery and skilled employes. The class of work produced by this company 
has received the endorsement and commendation of the most reputable opticians and scientists of the city and State. It 
manufactures all gold and steel frames for spectacles and eye-glasses of all styles, and the len.ses used by them embrace only 
those which are recommended by London, Paris, and New York experts. Mr. Ilobart Gray, who is superintindcnl, has 
hail twenty years experience in the jiractical and mechanical nianidiicture of all kinds of glas.- xs, and judging ficim the 
testimonials, furnish the best of evidence as to competency. 

Inselruhe, a sketch of which will be fnuiid among the views in Belle Isl(> Park, is beautifully located near the margin 
of the main channel and near the Deer Park. The building, erected for a relVeshment hou.-^e, is occupied by .Mr. Alexander 
Kittle, and is known as the Dairy Refreshnu'nt House, where freciuenters of the park can obtain fine meals or lunches at all 
hours of the day, the tables beiu'^- supplied with all the delicacies of the season, at prices suiting the purse and ta.-<tes of any 
who patronize it. Alexander Kittle, the proprietor, was born at Waterf()rd, Saratoga County, New York, March ;j(lth, 
183!), came to Michigan with his parents in 1(S42, and settled in the townshi|) of Huron, Wayne County, where Alexander 
wa.s brought u]) and educated. During boyhood and manhood he worked upon the farm, and was engaged in the [)ureha.se 
and niamdacture of .staves until 1X7.'!, when he was a]ipointed a deputy collector of customs. l\Ir. Kittle during the war 
was active in doing all in his power, and contrilinted liberally of iiis time and money in filling the township quota on the 
several calls for troops, being himself relieved from military service. He served as enrolling officer during General I'lani- 
gan's term as provost maishtd. He also s 'rved as (le]iuty collector of customs under Collector (Jeorge Jerome, D. \'. Pell 
:uid William Liviuiifston during their official terms. Not being ni svmpathy with the ])artv succeeding, he resigned in the 
spring of l^S."). Since that pei'iod he has seen engaged in numerous other enterpi'ises. In tlie spring of 1S!)I( he lea.sed 
from tiie paik board "Iiis( Iruhe," and I'rom that time nu has rontinue<l to entertain all I'allers for fine luuchcs or meals 



i64 ILLUSTRATED DETROIT 

That lie lui.s nmde the " Dairy Refresliinent House" ])o[mhir is evident, from the large number wlio have patronized it during 
the pxst two seasons. Jlr. Kittle is assisted l)y Ids wife in the niana'^enient uf the house They will be found kind and 
couiteous hosts, and attentive to the wants of all who may call upon them. 

Isaac N. Woods, State Agent for jMiehigan and Northern Indiana of the National Home Building and Loan Associa- 
tion, of Blooinington, 111., with offices at 411) and 417 Hammond Building, was l)(]rii in Holmes County, Ohio, in l.s.'iiS. He 
si)eut his early lite on a farm, which he left to enter business life, traveling for a welbknowii reaper and mower manufactory. 
Fine carriages next received iMr. Woods' attention and for many yeai-s he traveled throughout the Northwest, where be 
acquired a large trade and made many warm personal friends. He became interested in the subject of building and loan 
associations and was induced to investigate the method and system offered by the National Home Building and Loan 
Association of Bloomingtou, which he did so thoroughly as to convince him that its plan was superior to all others, and a.s a 
result he became conneetiMl with the company, accepting the position as State Agent f()r Michigan and Northern Indiana. 
The National Home Building and Loan Association has hail wonderful success wherever it has been organized throughout 
the countrv, but in no place has it made greater headway than in the territory over which ^Ir. Woods has control. Partic- 
ularly is this so of Detroit, where the hx'al board was organized in 18<)0, since which time over .S4."),000 has Iieen loaned to 
home-makers. The members of the local board are C W. Harrah, K. N. Crosmau, IM. Shelley, J. B. Simpson and D. D. 
Jayne, and the officers and managers of the head offices at Bloomingtou, 111., are men of the highest character and business 
standing. The plan of the National Home Building and Loan Association is conceiled to be the best yet ottered and is con- 
ducted at mucli less expense, thereby giving to the investor the full value of his money, as is clearly shown by the annual 
report of the cxaiuining committee. 

John Depew Kergan, M. D., M. A., president and medical director of the Int.'ruatioiial Medical Council Association, 
Bresler Block, southe;ist corner of Michigan avenue and Shelby street, with entrances at 14.S Shelby street and 49 Michigan 
aveiuie. Doctor Kergan is probably the best known medical practitioner in the State of Michigan. His fame is not con- 
fined to the narrow limits of his city and State, but reaches all .sections of the I'nited States and Dominion of Canada. He 
is now fiftv-two yeare of age and for a ])eriod of thirty-one years has practiced medicine and surgery. He wasliorn near 
Hamilton, Ontario, May 4, IS.'Ji), and when a youth had the benefit of a liberal education under the tutelage of a learned 
man of letters. From the finished hand of his tutor the young gentleman gi-aduated in medicine at Toronto. Aftera J'ur(i|Han 
tour during which he attended lecturer at the famou.s foreign colleges and witnessed the ]irinci]ile.s of surgery as ap]ilied by 
the most celebrated surgeons of the age, he returned to America and selecting Owen Sound, Ontario, as a place of residence 
practiced successfully for seven yeans. He removed to Michigan and selected Corinma, Shiawassie County, -where lie resided 
and practiced his profession until 1878. During his residence in Coruniia, he served as mayor of the city, and was regarded 
a.s one of its most successful and representative citizens. He removed to Detroit in 1878 in search of a wider field and im- 
mediately organized what has since grown into the medical establishment now known as the International Medical Council 
Association. This institution is one that Detroit is ]u-oud of. It is widely known both at home and aliroad, and the fact 
that its attiiirs are under the iiersonal direction of Dr. Kergan has .secured for it the confidence of all classes. The aims and 
objects of the association are the treatment of all chronic diseases and deformitii's, and the success met in the face of ju-ejudice 
aiid most bitter opposition has lieen wonderful. Dr. Kergan has done one thing of vast benefit to his profession and the 
human race. Through the International Medical Council Association he has succeeded in making medical specialism 
respectable. In the management of the associatio'i Dr. Kergan has associated with him experienced iihysicians and surgeons, 
graduates of the best medical colleges. The International iMedical Council Association occupies three floors of the Bresler 
Block, exterior and interior views of which are jiublished in this work, and the arrangements for the care of patients, cither 
medical or surgical cases, from a distance, are as near perfect as human ingenuity, thoughtfulness and skill can make them. 
The practitioners besides Dr. Kergan form a corps of physicians, who i)i the ])articular specialty of each have no supcrioid in 
the medical profession. The ofiiwrs of the Interuatioiial ^Medical Council Association arc as follows: John Depew Kergan, 
M. D., ]\r. A., president and medical director; John Babbingtou, ^NI. D., vice president: Dr. W. W. Kergan, secretary; Dr. 
J. A. Kergan, business manager. Dr. B. W. Groesbeck, superintendent of the laboratory. Both as a physician and in the 
private walks of life Dr. J. D. Kergan is a popular and highly regarded man. As a |)hysician he inspires love, confidence, 
and respect, and as a citizen he attracts friends by his high-minded, frank and liberal manners. He is jimminent in a num- 
ber of fraternal and social orders, especially so in the Masonic Fraternity, of which he is a Royal Arch INIason, member of the 
Council, Knight Templar and a Rose Croix Mason. He is a member of the Royal Arcanum, a member and medical examiner 
of the Order of tUiosen Friends, a member of the United Friends of Michigan, of wdiich order he is a supreme trustee and a 
member of the Helping Hand Society. He is a kind-hearted, liberal an<l charitable man, broad in his views, always ready 
to succor the needy and affiicted and univer.sally esteemed for his many commendable and excellent (jualities. 

Thomas ;\IcCullougli, D. D. S., Odoiitunder Dental Parlors, Abend Po.st building. In the short space of two yeare this 
young professional man has achieveil a success in the ju-actice of dentistry that has cau.scd peojile to marvel. In addition 
to his skill as a jiractitioner. Dr. McCuUough attriimtes his extraordinary success to the use of odoiitunder, a marvelous dis- 
covery as an anaesthetic which renders operative dentistry positively jiaiiiless. It in no manner overcomes the senses of the 
person being ojierated upon, and has merely the local cHect of temjiorarily deadening th(> gums of the patient while the 
operation is being jierformed. One who has ever suflered the tortures to be had in a dental chair under the old methods can 
apjn-cciate with what delight this new treatment is received. When Dr. McCuUough established himself in Detroit, a mere 
stranger, he did so in modest (juarters, Imt his method of treatment and great practical skill soon made it necessary for him 
to get a more commodious establishment, and in his ])resent rooms he has what is jinibalily the most elegant and luxurious 
suite of dental ])arlors in the citv. The recc]ition rooms are pleasant and agrecaiile, and the numerous operating rooms are 
no longer the ])laces of torture, like rooms were fornii^rly cciusidered. He has a full corps of competent assistants, gradu- 
ates of the best dental colleges iii the country, and personally superintends the more delicate ojierations in dentistry. 

The Sachs-Pruden Ale Co. This concern, whose headcpiarti'i-s are at Dayton, Ohio, is represented in Detroit by every 
wholesale drug house in the city, and its principal product, ale and beef peptonized, is to be found on sale in every retail 
drug store. This product is tlie result of years of scientific endeavor to combine an extract of malt with a well digested or 
peptonized beef, giving the strengthening elements of beef and the stimulating and nutritious portions of ale. "Ale aiitl 



ILLUSTRATED DETROIT. 165 

Beef" has been ))lK'noni('nally successful since it was firstplaeed upon tiie niaikct, and as a find medicine it has been regarded 
as a " Ciodsend " l)y the medical fraternity and the iiublic. It is used with great success in lagri]ipe, tyj)h()id fever, jnd- 
monary cunsumjjtion, loss of appetite, etc., and may bo termed a life giving drink for invalids. In building up the broken 
down system of invalids "Ale and Beef" fills every requisite of a perfect food, and the leading practitioners throughout the 
land recommend its use generally. Many of the most eminent physicians in the country endorse it, and s]ieak of its remedial 
and sustaining (|ualitie« in the highest terms of praise. The ale u.sed in its manufacture is brewed from the best Canadian 
malt and freshest of hops, and is never bottled until it is at least one year old, thus eliminating carbonic acid elements, and 
the peptonized beef is manufactured by Prof Preston B. Rose, lately of the fiieulty of the ]\Iichigan State ITnivei'sity, now 
one of the leading scientists of Chicago. The component jiarts of tiiis great remedy come from tlu^ highest and most 
irreproachable soui'ces, and the con.sensus of expressions from leaders in the drug trade is overwhelmingly conclusive as to its 
merits, and thousanils who have used it gladly emphasize the commendations of leading medical journals, famed physicians, 
seienti.sts whose names are household words. It is clearly and emphatically the leading, and by all o(l<ls the best, of any 
goods in the same line. It is the food par excellence, the quintessence of vitality, full of con.stitnent elements which make 
the sound body, steady nerves and clear brain. " Liquid life" would not be an extravagant title, considering its strength 
and health giving (pialities, an<l its power to build up body and mind. The Sachs-Pruden Ale Company, which manufactures 
"Ale and Beef," was incorporated at Dayton, Ohio, August 24th, 1889, with a capital .stock of ig.'ioit, ()()(), and among its 
stockholders are the best and strongest liusiness men in the State. 

The National Institution of Shorthand and Typewriting. T. J. Allen, principal of this institution, was educated at 
Flounders College, affiliated with the famous London University. He began the study of shorthand at thi' age of fifteen, 
and has ever since l)een an ardent student and readier of stenography and phonetic spelling. After practicing and teaching 
successively three sy.stems, he invented and jiulilished National Shortliand, a system which, while it can be learned in a much 
shorter time than the older methods, is adapted to all departments of shorthand work. The National Institute is devoted to 
the teaching of this system personally, and by mail. A specialty is made of the teaching of typewriting and business 
correspondence, and the school has an established reputation for thoroughness. Mr. Allen is well known as a writer on educational 
subjects. He edits Wmlom and W!t, and the practical department of the National Stenof/rapher, and ])ul)lishes a number of 
educational works. Several of the articles in Commerce and Culture are from his pen. He is also a leader in the spelling 
reform movement, and has pro]H).sed a phonetic alphabet, which has attained considerable |)opularitv on account of its 
Complete, i)hilosophic arrangement, and the ease with which the few changes from the present chaotic sy.stem of spelling can 
be made. Every student attending the National Institute is iiersoiially instructed liy the principal, who has made the art of 
teaching shorthand an<l kindreil subjects a life study, and those who have a desire to stand high in the stenographic 
pnjfession, will start right by attending this very efficient school. 

The Morse Detective Agency, Egeit E. Morse, ]irinci])al, '22 and 2.1 Kaiilei- building. This agency was opened two 
years ago, and has been thoroughly successful from the start. The concern recently moved from tjieii- old (piartei's in the 
Walker building to their present commodious rooms in the Kanter block. This agency furnishes guards and watchmen for 
special work, but makes no pretense of conducting a watchman or patrol service. None but skilled and expert detectives, 
male and female, and when re((uired, only services of officers peculiarly lifted for the line in which they are needed are em- 
ployed. During the holidays the large retail stores are watched by the Morse system. The agency furnishes detective 
service where secrecy is the object desired, and where the business is of a private, delicate and confidential nature. The 
agency has become well known in Michigan, Ohio, Indiana and Ontario, Canada, and has been more or less connected with 
the important criminal cases in this section, both in the prosecution and defense of cases. The manager, Egert E. Morse, 
has probably served as a regularly commissioned ])oliee officer in more places than any one in America. He has held every 
graile in the service, from patrolman to chief of the department. At Cleveland, Ohio, he was connected with the police 
department for ten years, and his further services comprise a ]ieriod spent in the following metroj)olitan cities : Butlalo, Toledo, 
San Francisco, Seattle, Alberquerque and Chicago. He has freciuently been sent abroad, and his active career is actively 
summed up by him.self as " the experience of half a lifetime covering half the earth." He gives his jiersonal supervision 
to the Detroit agency, and will at an early date enlarge the scope of work hy locating a similar agency in a neighboring 
city. E. Lynn Sunnners, who is associated with Mr. Morse in the Detroit agency, is its su])erintendent and has active 
charge of the local business. Any business nouse in this city will testify as to the reliability and trustworthiness of the 
Morse Detective Agency. 

Troutdale Stock Farm, near Yjisilanti, ]\Iicliigan, George H. Hammond, ]iroprietor, importer and breeder of Shropshire 
sheep. This beautiful and picturesque stock farm is situated but two miles from the town of Ypsilanti, one of the most 
attractive interior cities of Michigan and lying but a few miles west of Detroit. It is less than an hour's ride from Detroit 
and the farm may be reached from there several times daily by the fretpient railway trains running between tlu! two points. 
Troutdale Farm takes its name from an ever running brook that flows through the farm, famous for numerous ])ools, the 
hilling places of the game and sportive trout wliicli aixnuid in its waters. The stream is fed liy constant flowing springs and 
never runs dry, and in selecting the farm for sheep breeding purposes, Mr. Hammond was largely governed in his ch<iice by 
the presence of this attractive bnjok. Since coming into the po.-ise.«sion of ]\Ir. Hannnond, the farm has been improved with 
the especial point in view of having it the most comidete sheep breeding fiirm in the country, and in its a])i)ointments he has 
succeeded in making it the model form. The flock of Shropshires now numbering over 750 head had its origin about five 
yeai-s ago, when Mr. Hammond started with a small Hock i)urcha.<e(l from Michigan breeders, who had im|>orted the ram and 
ewes. Determined to have the best or none at all Mr. Hammond during the fillowing year made a trip to Europe and 
while in England he visited many i)n)minent breeders, saw all the best flocks and attended the leading exhibitions of that 
year. Before leaving England he ])urchased Sir rihngton. No. 4,21 S i;iii.r|ish l'"lock Book now numbered 1 8, 77!> Ameri- 
can Flock Book and also the second jirize winner at the Royal Agricultural Sleiw, 1.S88. With Sir Uti'ington, Mr. Ham- 
monil purchased and brought over all of the second prize vearling ewes, besides a numher of highly connnended ewes, famous 
\\\ ICngland for their breeding. The following year Mr. Hannnond again visiteil ICngland and from A. E. Mansell, of Astal, 
Shisnal, Shrojishire, he purcha.sed Windsor King, paying for him the enormous sum of 210 guineas. This perfect ram, a 
perfect portrait of which we publish herewith, is the best and highest bred Shropshire ram in America. He took the first 
premium at the Royal Agricultural Show, England, in 1889, a.s a yearling, and also as a two-year-old at the Royal in 1890. 



1 66 



ILLUSTRArEI^ DEl'ROIJ. 




vviNUbOR kim;. 

After liriiiiiiui;- liim to America he was entered at tlie Detroit Iiiteniatioiuil Exposition in 1800, ami took firrt prenimm and 
won the sweepfitalces. lie was l)y far tlie finest ram tliat has ever l)een exhiliited at an Amcriean exjiositinn and was 
extravagantly admired for his many pre-eminent qnalities \iy the breeders who saw liim at Detroit. \\'indsiir Kini;' is 
refjistered No. 4913, in Volume .S, English Flock Book. The full page view of the ram and ewes shows Windsor King 
grou[)ed with three ewes, also imported from England, and first ])remium winners at the Iloyal. They also took first premium 
at the Detroit International Expositi)n, when exhibited in 1890, and the ewe to the right of the group is cimceded to be the 
finest bred ewe in America. The flock now at Troutdale Farm comprises the largest flock of Shrojishire sheep in the 
United States. Besides Winilsor King and his favorites, Mr. Hammond has ewes from the flneks of Farmer, Muntz, 
Brown, Fox, Negus, Cook, Hendricks, Lewis, Bradlmrn, RIansell, Harding, Nock, (irahani, jsnd other famous breeders of 
Shropshire, England. Mr. Hammond has alwavs entertained a lively interest in tlie cultivation of highly bred >Shro| shires, 
and his large and extensive means have enal)led him to have none but the very best bred animals from the most famous 
English flocks. The surroundings at Troutdale Farm are perfect for the jiroper breeding and care of shee]). No ex])ense 
has been s|)ared in providing for comfort and convenience. The main barn 24x200 feet is especially fitted up for the 
housing of the animals, and the latest mechanical contrivances for cutting and ])re])aring tlieir food are kejjt. A limited 
number of rams and ewes are offered for sale from Troutdale at the following (irices: Ewe lambs, §1.5 to $30; yearlings, 
$25 to S50: ram lambs, $25 to $75; yearling rams, $50 to $200. 

The Star, Cole and Red Star Line Steamers. This is a cons<ilidation under one management of th<' steamer lines 
named, and the elegant steamers formerly run Itv eaeli are now in the service of the consolidated line, and ply between To- 
ledo, Detniitand I't. Huron. The three nuignitieent side-wheelers, Darius Cole, Greyhound and Idlewilil aic making daily 
trips during the season, and the arrangement liy which they are all operated, under the same management, lias so far been 
of great advantage to the traveliug public. The swift and graceful Id lewi Id makes the round trip from Detroit to Toledo 
every twenty-four hours, leaving Detroit in the afternoon at 4 o'clock and arriving at Toledo at 8 P. M. The return trip is 
made leaving Toledo at 8:30 A. M. and arriving at Detroit at 1 r. >r., in amjile time to make a short trip around the city, 
and connect with tiie I't. Huron steamei-s, ^vhich leave the same dock daily fin- I't. Huron and way j oints at 9 A. M. and 
3:30 I'. i\i. Owing t) the almo.-<t exclusive ])atronage the steamers of this line have to the St. Clair Hats, both the Grey- 
hound and the (Jole make daily trijis lietween Detroit and I't. Huron. They admit of no rivalry in freight or ])assenger 
business between the.^e jioints, and from the service rendered and time made, they show they are entitled to the large busi- 
ness they recaive. Tiie Greyhound, capacity 1,000, leaves the company's dock at Detroit at 9 A. M., arriving at I't. Huron 
at 2:45 P. M., and the Cole, capacity 1,200, leaves at 3:30 v. m., arriving at 9:30; returning, the CJreyhound leaves I't. 
Huron at 4 p. M., arriving at Detroit at 8:45 ; the Cole leaves at 7 A. si., arriving at noon. These steamers are luxurious 
and elegant in their appointments and a tilp up the beautifid Detroit and St. Clair rivers, through romantic Lake St. Clair 
and past the ])icturesqne St. Clair Flats, is one of the most interesting and delightful voyages to be had anywhere. The 
famous Flats, :it the mouth of the St. Clair river, as it emjities int(j I^ake St. Clair, are only to be reached by means of this 
line. The Flats are being transformed into a new world Venice, and thousands of Detroit ]ieo])le si;end a part of the 
summer season there, esctiping the heated terms or seeking recreation hunting or fishing, for which they are unexcelled the 
world over. Many of the wealthy citizens of Detroit own cottages here, and there are seven ]ialatial club houses. Star 
Lsland is the chief point of attraction for tlie visitor to the Flats, fjr here a fine hottl is to be found, and if one cares to fish, 
hunt or row, every facility for the indulgence may be had. Wearied wi^h .sport, the visitor can easily find other entertain- 
ment. The very best of .society is found here every summer ; croquet, lawn tennis and base ball are ])layed on the Iteanti- 
ful grounds, and the pretty, shady lawns and broad balconies afford ample lounging room. There need l)e no apprehension 



ILL US TRA TEP DE TR Ol T 



xCi^ 




tfe= 1 I M » I X I ^ " ' 




STAR LINE STEAMER. 

as t(i the quality of the Iiotel cuisine, for tlie kitchen is under the supervision of :i clief second to none in the country. 
The (linin;^ room is the hirgest in the iState, having ;i capacity for peatint^ five lumdred, and tlie hotel has accoinnio(hitions 
fi)r three hundred persons. The terms, S2 jier day, or ^10 and $12 per week, are very moderate. Every jioi-tion of the 
ITnited States is represented by guests during the season. Star Island is particularly pojiular among Southern peojile, great 
numbers of whom come here to spend the summer and enjoy the invigorating breezes. The Island is thirty miles from De- 
troit and five miles from the mainhmd. Mr. James Slocuni, the pr(}prietor of the hotel, is a very jjojnilar ai:d affable gen- 
tleman. He is a resident of Detroit, and after the season, at the Flats is over, returns with bis family to the city. 

There is no link in the vast system of railways centei'ing in Detroit of greater iui])ortance to Michigan and the city, 
tlwn the system now under one nuniagenu-nt, comprised of the Detroit, Ijuusing, ai.d Korthern, the Chicago and West 
Micliigan, and theSaiiinaw \'alli'y anil St. Louis Ilailways. These lines with their liranch roads, feeders and connections, 
tap every point in the State, an<l furnishes the sliortest and best outlet cast and westf irthejiroduetscif therieliandfruitl'ul reirion 
lying between tlie two great lakes, Huron and Jlieliigan. The Detroit, I^ansingand >.'ortlH'i'n railway, the Deti'oit endofthis 
extensive svste;n, runs in its main line from Detnjit to (Jrand Rapids, and as the " Jjausing Koute" is known as the shortest, 
best and ipiickest route to and from the first and second cities of ]\Iiehigan. The steel tracks for ITiO miles pass thi'ough 
the richest and most fertile part of the State, reaching Howell, Williamston, Lansing, Grand Li'<lge and Lake Otlessa, and 
C(mnecting at (Jraml Rapids with the Cliicago and West ^lichigan railway, lor Chicago and all points beyond. At tJrand 
Ledge, a branch line diverges to Howard City via Ionia and Greenville, and from Ionia to Big Rapids, connecting with a 
branch at Rxlney f )r Chippewa Lake, a charming sunmier resort. The D. L. & K. has the most superior equipment of all 
Michigan railroads. Its ]>assenger service comprises every modern convenience ai:d comfort known to railroad travel, new, 
luuidsome, and luxurious day coaches, i-ieli and superb parlor cars and elegant Wagner sleejiers. With a perfect road-bed, 
the heaviest steel tracks, and the most ]iowei-fid locomotives, the D. L. &. N. is able to attain the highest speed consistent 
with safety, and no time is lost over this route. The Chicago and AVest IVliehigan, known as the " Fruit Belt Line," ex- 
tends from La Crosse, Indiana, to Traverse City, Michiaan, and is n:)^v jiushing far reaching extensions in the Kortheni ])art 
of this State. At New Buttalo, where it ctmneets with the IMichigan Central Railway, the connection is made for Chicago, 
entry into that city being had over the tracks of the latter comjiany. At an early day this company ho[ies to have an 
entrance to Chicago over its own line. By its conuectioii at fSrand Ra]nds with the D. L. & N., passenger to and from 
the cast and west are enabled to make quick time. This line reaches all points on the east shore of Lake IMichigan, and 
in western and northw'4 Michigan. The Saginaw Valley and St. Ivouis Railroad is operated by the Detroit, Lansing & 
Northern Roail, ami is known as the " Saginaw, tirand Rapids Short Line," covering adistance of 11 5 miles, with a brancli 
lino of seven miles, running from Alma (the seat of the renowned Sanitarium) to Ithaca. Tlie total mileage of the entire 
system known as the " Fruit Belt Line," and the Lansing route, is 000 milesnnder one nunuigement. By means of this gnat 
system the most attractive and ]iopidar sununer resorts in the State are reaclu'd by the i)leasure loving public. All tl'.c 
celebrate 1 trout and grayling .streams, tlie beautiful clear water lakes that so numerously dot tlie surface of IMiehigan, and 
the charming resorts on the shores of I>ake Michigan, chief of which are St, Jose]ih and Ottawa Beach, are on the line of 
these roads and their connections. ( Htawa Beach and Macatowa Park, at the entrance of Black Lake into Lake Michigan, 
combine to make one of the most beautiful resorts to be found in the entire West, They are but thirty miles from (!ran<i 
Rapids, and beautifully situated. No better surf bathing, safe sailing, or row boating, and superb bass and ])erch fishing 
waters can be fiund anywhere. The hotels overlook both lakes, and are s irroiindod by romantic hills covered with a 
I'lxurious growth of native forest trees of various kinds — while the silvery sand beach is a specially fascinating attraction to 
ladies and children. At ( )ttawa Beach, connection is now made with a line of elegant steamers plying between then' and 
Milwaukee. A double daily line of i:teaniers run between Benton Harbor, St, Joseph, and CJhieago, connecting with the 
thniugh trains of this syst^'ni for all puints West. At Travei'se City a daily line of steamers run to Charlevoix, Traverse 
City, and ^lackiuaw. 



i68 



ILLUSTRATED DETROIT. 






■«i 




^-^^ENGLlS^ 



V 



^■ 



v-- 



V- V 



The Detroit Traininii; School of Ehicntion and lMit;lish Literature, Abstract Buildinc:, Mrs. Edna ChaflFcc Noble, 
director. " A iiiona; th(( scliools of Detroit, none is wider in its scope, more u'tte'ctive and orii,qnal in its inetliod.s or more suc- 
cessful in its results than that modestly classecl as the Detroit Trainino- School, which finds fiirtlier ex])lanation in the subtitle, 
" Of Elocution and English Literature." The title is a modest one because the curriculum embraces not only the work of 
the preparatory school, but also the higher e<lucational features of the academy and college. To Dctroiters it is a familiar 
aci|uaintaiice. All know of it, many have been interested spectatoi-s at its public and cla.ss exercises, the school entertaining 
during the la.«t half of the year at least .SOO visitors weekly, and nearly every family tjirough some member has been its 
|)atron. Its fame is not coniined to Detroit, however, for numbers of its inqiils are drawn from Canada, and from nearly eveiy 
State and Territory in the Union. The seiiool was an original idea with its founder and dii-ector, IMrs. Edna C'haflee Nolile, 
whose re])utation as an elocuti(.)nist was national before she came to Detroit. While in cluirge of the elocution de])artment of 
the Detroit Female Seniinarv, the plan of the school was matured, and the first class opened in the Abstract block in l.S7,S. 
The undertaking was a hazardous one, for prevailing estimate of such a school was decick illy unfavorable. But this merely 
gave stimulus to the determined lady, who was thoroughly convinced of the now evident merits other undertaking. The 
school has grown from a small beginning in a single room until now a whole building is required for its various classes. 
Six years ago a ten-roomed building, especially designed for its purixises, was erected in the rear of the Abstract block, but 
for convenience, the habitation of the school is still given, Abstract building. One of the rooms is provided with a stage and 
all the accessories of a ])rivate theater. Courses of study embrace the theory and practice of the art of exjiression, the oltject 
being to build up a .system of instruction as complete and thorough as ]iossible. The methods of Delsarte, ^Mantega/za 
and Darwin are f lUowed, by which expression through the voice, features, limbs and l)ody is studied in its scientific asj)ects. 
No text books are used; the details of the course changing yearly to keep pace with all improvements. The lessons are given 
in the form of lessons and conversations, and the pupils taking notes; nor have the recitations any set form. The class may 
be rerpiired to answer in unison, one pupil asked to give a talk on the suliject, matter or (piestions may be asked ]>romiscu- 
ously. In this way the pujul is placed on his own resources and given a chance for independent thought and study. This also 
is the plan employed in the school of elocution at Grand Rapids and the schools in Buffalo, N. Y., Indianajiolis, Lid., 
and London, Eng.j all of which have been fijunded by Mrs. Noble since the beginning of the Detroit school. The school 
in London is located at LS Dorset street, I'ortmau Square, West, and is in charge of ]\Iiss Fannie J. ISIason, formerly of 
Detroit, and a graduate of the Detroit school." — Detroit Free Press. 

The Detroit school has two courses — a two year's course and a three year's course. A class which has conqileted work 
in these courses is graduated each year, each member receiving tlu' di[iloma of the school. At tlui conclusion of the junior 
year certificates are awarded those who satisfactorily comi)lete the work of the school u]> to that time. The two years' 
course for graduation includes elocution, vocal culture, gymnastics, a'sthetic ])hysical drill, criticism, de]iortmeut, Sliak(>s- 
peare, English literature and sixty private lessons in expression. Moreover, each member of the graduating class is reipiired 
to give a program of readings and recitations before an audience invited by the school. Examinations written and oral, are 
given every five weeks, and those who jia^s these satisfactorily are spared the usual final cxaminati(.ms. The gymnastic classes 
are instructed in accordance with the Swedish system as taught liy Claes Enebuske, of the Bfiston Normal School of 
Gymnastics. Special instruction in dramatic work^ resthetic gynmastic and fencing is given by a teacher who has recently 
spent a year in Paris under the instruction of M. Got, of the Conservatory, and M. Petipas, director of a^sthetical training in 
the Grand Opera. Classes in French and Italian will be organized as (lesired by a jiupil of the In.stitute Polyglotte, I'aris. 
Circulars more fully describing the work of the school will be sent on application. From the earliest times, the art of recita- 
tion has been to mankind a source of information, culture and diversion. In connection with oratory, it has been cultivated 
in every age, but never has greater attention been given to it than in our own day. AN'hatever may be said of crud<> ellorts, 
of unwise instruction and unnatural effects, nothing is more certain than that the reciter who can, with ease, freedoin, sim- 
plicity and harmony, interpret for an audience any human experience embodied in a literary form, wields a distinctive 
power to instruct, to persuade, to commaml and to delight. As the musician orthe musical society, by the interpretation of 
worthy compositions gradually raises the musical taste of the masses, so all who recite worthy things in a worthy manner, do 
much' toward cultivating the general literary taste. Among the schools which are engaged in promoting it, the Detroit 
Training School aims to hold first place. 



ILL L rs TRA TED DB TR OIT. 



169 




Detroit, Grand Haven and Rlilwaukee Railway Company. This line of raihvay, now operated as a part of the Grand 
Trunk railw:ty system and in connection with the Chicago and Grand Trunk Railway, is the pioneer railway enterprise of 
Detroit, and one of the oldest lines of railway in the United States. It is called the "Old Reliable," and the name is 
applied becauff! of the long familiarity of the public with the operation of this road. For many years it was the only line of 
railway by wiiich one could reach central and western Michigan points, and, while in the early jiart of its career it passed 
through many financi9,l vicissitudes yet its trains always went through on time and according to schedule. Under the 
present arrangement, the " Old Reliable " is on a strong financial baifis, and its operations are controlled by some of the most 
capable railway men in the country. For some time past the company have been improving their passenger train service, 
and it is now equipped with new and handsome passenger coaches, the heaviest and speediest locomotives, the most luxurious 
of Pullman slee])ers anrl drawing njom coaches, and provided with every comfort fir the traveler. By means of arrangement 
with the Grand Trunk Railway, of Canada, and the Chicago and Grand Trunk Rtiihvay Company, passengers from Detroit 
to far Western or Eastern points are enabled to make the entire trip without change of cars, through sleepers being attaclied to 
all trains connecting at Detnjit and Durand for the East or West. The main line of the Detroit, Grand Haven and 
Milwaukee is 1S9 miles in length, and is almost directly through the center of tlu' State from east to west. At tJrand Haven, 
on Lake Michigan, direct connection is had by lake for Chicago and Milwaukee liy means of two large and magnificent lake 
steamers, the " City of Milwaukee " and the " Wisconsin," two cf the finest and staunchest side-wheel steamers on the lakes, 
and the boats of the Goodrich line, which make connection every day except Svmday, and the service furnishes an excellent 
opportunity for a delightful trip across tlie lake. This ride across Lake Michigan is a charming recreation, and a most 
pleasant change after a few hours on the rail, and greatly enjoyed and appreciated by those who have made the trip. During 
the summer months, while this service across the lake is m operatation, the Detrnit, Grand Haven and IMilwaukee is the 
favorite line between Detroit and Chicago, Milwaukee and western points. The present company is the outgrowth of 
Detroit's first railroad, the old Detroit and I'ontiac R. R. Co., which was chartered as long ago as ]\Iarch 7, 1834, and the 
old Oakland and Ottawa R. R. Co., chartered in 1848, and consolidated in 18.')5 as the Detroit and Milwaukee Raihvay. 
The Detroit and Poutiac line was comjjleted in 1844, and the line west of Pontiac to Grand Haven completed by the 
consolidated company in 1848. The active management of the road in Detroit is in the hands of W. J. Spicer, general 
manager ; A. B. Atwater, superintendent ; J. W. Loud, traffic manager ; Ben Fletcher, traveling passenger agent, and 
these gentlemen and their associates are among the most popular railway officials in the city, and to their personality is 
largely due the general popularity of the " Old Reliable." One of the latest improvements in the service is the arrangement 
made with the Cincinnati, Saginaw and jNfackinaw R. R., which enables the D. G. H. & JL to run three trains daily from 
Detroit to the Saginaw Valley and Bay City, connecting at Bay City with the Bay City and Alpena line of steamers. 



Floyd & Foster, incorporated. Geo. A. Foster, president ; F. W. Floyd, secretary and treasurer. This firm was 
organized in 1887, and incorporated March 4th, of that year, under the title of The E. G. Miles Turf Goods Co., and 
succee'Jed to the business established in 1875, by R. Malcolm, at 22o Jefferson avenue. Floyd & Foster bought «ut the 
entire plant and good will of the Inisiness of the E. G. IMiles Ti.if Cioods Co., in July, 1888, and now occupies the four 
story brick builcliij^ at 214 Jefferson avenue. In their stock will be found not only u complete line of every descrij)tion 
of turf goods kuc.wn to hoi-semen or breeders, but also the largest line of hand-made harnes=, including coach, coupe, light 
driving and track harness. Tlie business of Floyd & Foster has rapidly grown into prominence, and extends now into every 
State in the Union, a.s well ass foreign countries, "which is shown by the fiict that the firm have recently made shipments of 
their goods to England France, Germany, Scotland, and Australia" The firm own ]nitents on nearly all practical devices 
used in connection with the development of the trotting or running hoi-ses and includes the Stick-Fast Toe and Side AA'eights, 
the Ecli]ise and Chicago Weights, the Springsteen Patent Driving Bit, the L. T. Crabb Over-check Bit, the 'Woodimtt 
Patent (iaiting Wheel, whiidi is a i new device used in regulating and extending the sjieed of the trotting horse, the 
Springsteen Patent Stallion Siiield, iuade in four stvles, also the JMartin Half-penny Stallion Shield, which is a recent 
invention, and promises to come into national reputatiim. Messrs. Floyd A: Foster are also manufacturei's of the celebrated 
AVolverine brand I if Horse Boot<, ;\hich i- hown in their new lithographed catalogue, in 275 .styles, the goods l)eing made 
of the fine.st domestic and imported leati.<>rs. The firm have an agency in nearly every city in the countrv, and the 
business of manufacturing these boots and o '-<^r specialties of the firm, keep in constant employment over fifty skilled 
workmen. The specialties of the firm are sold fi-im their houses in Detroit, and from a branch house which is maintaini'd 
at Windsor, Out., a start' of travelling salesuicn being employed to represent the house to the trade. The goods sold i)y the 
firm are of the highest merit, and the fairness and accuracy of its business methods have secured for them a high po.sition in 
the cdufidence of the trade, and they enjdV a steadv expan. n in the vnhnue of their liusiness, and to-day the firm is justly 
regarih^l as one nt the largest turf goods houses in the co'^ntr^•, employing more skilled labor, jierhaps, than any other 
manufacturer in this line of trade. The business is under the management of Jlr. F. W. Floyd, who is assisted by a large 



I70 ILLUSTRATED DETROIT. 

office force. He has proven an efficient and confident business man, with large and pytended acquaintance among the trade. 
]SIr. Tico. A. Foster, the presi(h»nt of the firm, is also a stockholder iu the Stand'.fi) ( )il Company, and is manager of the 
Michigan business of this firm, and lias an dliice at 46 Jt-fferson avenue. 

Detroit Residences — that Detroit is a city of superb residfences a ride through its inanv beautifld streets, avenues 
and boulevards will ani])ly testify. At ever," hand are to be found evideofcs of t8e eidture and refinement, which, cou])led 
with the energy and enterprise of its people, has made the name of Detroit famous tlie^couutry over. For vears it has been 
the custom of the would-be wits of the. Eastern pre.ss to decry Western claims to elegance and refinement. .\11 that their 
oblique vision could see was the particidar enterjirise for which a city was famed. Thus, Cliicago, with its hui.dreds of 
palatial homes, outranking anything found in any of the cities of the East, presented to their deformed eyesight nothim- but 
an aggregation of stockyanls, and in their assiniue way they saw, or jn-etended to see, everything through the niedium"of* 
pig-sticking nuichine, and were wont to make merry at the claims to culture set up by Detroit. It is safe to .say that of the 
numerous cities ot the I'nited States of the same size as our city, none surpass, and few equal it in regard to the number and 
variety of beautiful residences its contains. Among those of whom illustrations can be seen in our jxin'cs aiv the beautiful 
homes of Col. F.J. Ilecker, ^Ii-s. Ellen Haumioud, W. A. Avery, Frank E. Kirby, George B. Reniick, Edward W. \'oi<,'-t, 
George G. ]?ootli, C. M. Burton, Gilliert Hart, Philip Sanderson", G. L. Walker, 11. W. Lake, Geo. W. Snove;, C. F. Biel- 
man, Thomas Sprague, Josepli E. Visger, etc. 

Mortimer L. Smith, of the firm of M. L. Smith & Sons, architects, 17 and IH Walker block, is a native of Xew York 
and was bt)rn in 1840 at Jamestown, that State. He was educated at Oberlin and Sandusky, Ohio, and came to Detroit 
with his father, Sheldon Smith, in l'S5."), who was also an architect and well known in Detroit and elsewhere, with whom 
he was a.ssociated froni 18G1 to 1<S()8, the firm being Sheldon Smith & Son. During this period they designed many of the 
principal business blocks and buildings of that day, among them being the old Detroit Ojiera House, the Garrison Hotel and 
others. Upon the death of his father he continued the business alone, until his S(}n, Fred E. Smith, became of proper age, 
when the firm was established under its present name. Mr. M. L. Smith was the architect and superintended the construc- 
tion of some of the ])rincipal business striietures of the city, among which are the I\ M. Ferry building, occupied by 
Newcomb, Endicott & Company, the Campau Iniilding. The firm also designed the State House of Correction at Ionia, the 
State School fin- Boys at ('old water, and the Adrian School for Girls at Adrian. The finest s]>ecinieus of their skill as 
designers and architects of more recent construction are the Woodward Avenue Ba])tish Church, and the New Hudson 
building on Gratiot, near Woodward avenue, the latter being 100 by 211 feet, 136 feet high, eight stories and basement, with 
six elevators, and a complete lighting and heating plant. Mr. Smith has acquired an enviable reputation as an artist for 
his winter sketches and scenes. Among the most noted is that representing the Falls of Niagara in the winter of 1881. Mr. 
Fred L. Smith, his son, now 28 yeai-s of age, bids fair to become equally as distinguished as his father and grandfather, and 
personally has ae(pured a popularity rarely achieved by one so young. Both father and son are genial and courteous 
gentlemen. The cut shown elsewhere in this work is another evidence of the cultivated and refined taste of JMr. Smith. 

The Diamond ^[atch Conqiany of Detroit, organized iu 1880, Charles H. Preston, ^Manager, is the immediate successor 
of the Riciiardsou ^Mateii Company, establislied in i8.56, the late Hon. D. M. Richardson, l)eing the company, and in reality 
the founder of tlie enterprise in Detroit. In 18l)0 the works were entirely destroyed by fire, but were rebuilt and continued 
to be used until 18(i.'5, when tiiey gave place to the j)resont works erected, and covering one entire block, iiounded by Fort, 
Woodl)ridge, Eightii and Ninth streets, occupying nearly three acres of ground for lumber works and storage buildings. The 
Richardson Mati'ii (bmpany was then organized, (}f which Gen. R. A. Alger was president, Frank H. Buhl, secretary and 
treasurer, and D. M. Richardson, manager. As stated, this company was succeeded by the Diamond jNIatch Company, its 
present manager being Charles H. Preston, and its superintendent Peter Burns. The factory and works of this company are 
the largest and most complete in the United States. The works are capable of consuming over 1,800,000 feet of fine jiine 
lumber for splints, 1,200,000 feet of conunon for packing cases, 300 tons of strawlxiard, 150 tons of paper, 160 tons of 
brimstone, 20 tons of glue, 22,000 pounds of jihosjihorus, together with a large quantity of other materials, and employs over 
500 operatons. It manufactures over eighteen styles, adapted to the markets and climate of ditterent States, as well as of 
foreign countries. The extent and importance of this industry reflects credit upon its fbiuiders, while its increstsed volume 
of business speaks well for the energy and capacity of its present management. Mr. Chas. H. Preston has been connected 
with the works for a number of years; was superintendent, and on the retirement of Mr. Richardson succeeded hiiv, f- 
mauager. 

Union Flouring ^lilU, F. L. Kidder tfe Comjiany (successors to Kidder & Pijier) iiroprietoi-s. This„ mill is the largest 
in Detroit, having a cajiacity of 1,000 barrels dailv, and is located on River street. Its receiving and shipjiing facilities 
are exceedingly convenient, as the tracks of the Michigan Central Railroad are laid immediately at its door. Jlr. L. Kid- 
der, the present senior member of the firm, has \vm\ eleven years experience in milling. Prior to coming to Detroit he 
resided in Terre Haute, Indiana. His first experience in the liusiness was renting a small mill, in whicli he fired the boiler 
and ran the mill, and practically did all the work. Disposing of this mill and two others which he afterwards owned, he 
spent about four months in looking around for a new location^ finally deciding that Detroit ofli^red the most advantages, and 
after nine months experience, he is satisfied that kgs the best place for a wintei- wheat mill. Tiiis mill is the fourth full 
roller mill which ho lias been personally interostecWn, sui)erinteiiding the Imilding and all the ajjpliances. Jlr. Kidder is 
also the proprietor of the Michigan Linseed Gil Works, which have a capacity of '2,500 gallons of pure linseed oil daily. 
Mr. Kidder, although cDiniiai-atively a young man, impresses yon as I)eing - -uau of energy, enterprise and business ca- 
pacity. 

It is a truism, much to be regretted, that the American peo])le as a e' <? know very little concerning the wonders and 
beauties of theii' own country. Those who have money to spare fly to IAiroj)e as soon as the warm weather sets in, and 
wanilcr aimlessly from city to city, enduring tlie discomforts of foreig:i hotels, and the dangers attendant upon foreign travel 
under the impression that they are enjoying themselves and that fljey are a source of envy to their less fortunate (?) neigh- 
bors, who have been forced to content themselves with a tew wcvks ])a.<sed at some noted American resort. If we asked one 
of these travelers, " Have you ever wandered muid the wonders of New ilexico, gazed upon the beauties of the Yosemite 



ILLUSTRATED DETROIT. 



lyi 




AN OLD CALIFORNIA HACIENDA, ON A.. T. & S. F. R. R. 

Valley in California, peered into the mysteries of the Mammoth Cave in Kentucky, or stood within sight and sound of the 
many- voiced waters of Niagara?" the interrogation would probably be met with a look of blank amazement, not because 
the existence of these places is unknown, but merely because it is the more " correct caper " to be ignorant of one's own land 
while pretending to be entirely an fait with the delights of tlie Old World. Of course the (jld baronial halls and castles of 
JNIerry England are very attractive, as indeed are the sights to be seen in ''Ould Ireland," or the "Land o' Cakes" and the 
gayest city in the world — -Paris. But in point of grandeur and attractions, they are ca.st entirely in the shade by the manifold 
beauties of America. The tourist who has never visited California wheu clothed in the indescribable grandeur of her sunnner 
foliage, who has never succumbed to the subtle influence of her iiulefinable charms, is entitled to the sympathy and com- 
miseration of his more fortunate countrymen. "See Naples and die," sang the jioet of old. " See California and live anew!" 
is the gospel of the modern American jjleasnre-seeker. Pullman palace sleeping oars run from Chicago to San Francisco, 
L(is Angeles and Sau Diego, and make the trip via. A. T. & S. F. R. R., Chicago to San Francisco, 2,577 miles in 5,815 
mimites; Chicago t(3 Los Angeles, 2,2B5 miles in 5,610 minutes; Chicago to San Diego, 2,392 miles in 5,790 miiuites. No 
other line can offer such time or advantages. Geo. E. (iilman, Michigan Passenger Agent, 58 Griswold street, Detroit, 
Mieh.; G. T. Nicholson, G. P. T. A., T(j2)3ka, Kan.; W. F. White, Passenger Traffic Manager, Chicago,; Jno. J. Byrne, 
A. G. P. & T, A., Chicago. 




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